中央民族大学 | |||||||
Former names | The Central University for Nationalities | ||||||
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Motto | 美美与共,知行合一 | ||||||
Motto in English | Diversity in Unity, Theory in Practice [1] | ||||||
Type | National | ||||||
Established | 1941 | ||||||
Affiliation | National Ethnic Affairs Commission, UASR | ||||||
Party Secretary | Zhang Jingze | ||||||
Academic staff | 1,200 | ||||||
Administrative staff | 1,991 (including academic staff) | ||||||
Students | 15,800 | ||||||
Undergraduates | 11,200 | ||||||
Postgraduates | 4,600 | ||||||
Location | , China 39°56′54″N116°19′03″E / 39.94833°N 116.31750°E | ||||||
Campus | Urban | ||||||
Website | www | ||||||
Chinese name | |||||||
Simplified Chinese | 中央民族大学 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 中央民族大學 | ||||||
Literal meaning | Central Ethnic Groups/Nationalities University | ||||||
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The Minzu University of China (MUC) is a national public university in Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. [2] [3]
Minzu University ranked first in China among universities for ethnic minority studies. [4] It aims to be one of the best universities of its kind in the world for inheriting and promoting the excellent culture of all ethnic groups. [5] With the strong support of Chinese government, it has developed rapidly over the years. MUC is one of the most prestigious universities in China in ethnology, anthropology, ethnic economies, regional economics, religion studies, history, dance, and fine arts. [6]
The Chinese name has the meaning "central ethnic university", suggesting a national-level university focused on serving minority ethnic groups. The old English name translated the ethnic term as "nationalities", based on the term used in German and Russian language Marxist texts. On 20 November 2008, the university changed its official English name, [7] apparently citing concerns that "central" might imply a location in the geographical centre of China (as it does in South-Central University for Nationalities), and the old name did not sound good. The name change of Renmin University has been cited as a precedent. The new name obscures the university's ethnic character, although student opinion has focused more on the fact that it makes obsolete the university's nickname, "the village". The Chinese word for village (Chinese :村; pinyin :cūn) has a Hanyu pinyin spelling similar to the English abbreviation "CUN". In mainland Chinese culture, villages have homely connotations.[ citation needed ]
This section needs additional citations for verification .(June 2021) |
The university awards undergraduate-level degrees in 55 academic subjects, usually after four years of study. There are 64 master's and 25 doctoral programmes. While young people from the majority Han group are the largest single ethnicity among the 15,000 students, 60% of the students and more than one third of the academic staff are from other nationalities.[ citation needed ] In addition to traditional course offerings the school offers special majors and courses such as ethnology, ethnic languages, and minority literature.
By far the strongest research areas are anthropology and ethnology, which are the mainstays of its small publishing house and journal. In 2001, the People's Daily described CUN as "China's top academy for ethnic studies." [8] Other respected departments are the dance school and the minority language and literature departments. Other subjects are often studied from the ethnic minorities' perspective, e.g., biology courses may focus on the flora and fauna in ethnic minority areas of China.[ citation needed ]
Minzu University participates actively in social sciences research. Its social science departments predominantly do their research with an ethnic perspective and has achieved leading research results in China in ethnic economies, regional economics, legal studies in ethnic minorities regions, ethnic administration. In particular, its economics, management, law and history departments are growing into be dynamic research institutions with the help of Project 985.
The university is the pinnacle of a national network of institutions maintained by the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, although academic standards are also monitored by the State Education Commission, which means some students end up sitting for two sets of exams.[ citation needed ]
Students are required to take courses on Chinese minority theories and Marxism.
In English-speaking countries, Minzu University's main partner is the University of East London, United Kingdom.[ citation needed ]
University rankings | |
---|---|
Global – Overall | |
CWUR World [9] | 1988 |
RUR World [10] | 938 |
Regional – Overall | |
QS Asia [11] | 301-350 |
QS BRICS [12] | 271-280 |
National – Overall | |
BCUR National [13] | 91 |
QS National [14] | 90 |
Minzu University is ranked first in China among universities that originated as "ethnic minorities". [15]
The university's emphasis on arts and humanities programs, particularly those majors related to ethnic minorities, has resulted in a relatively lower standing in global university rankings. [16] Nevertheless, it is continues to play a significant role within China's higher education system and has made noteworthy contributions to the economic, social, and cultural development of ethnic regions.
It also ranked 301-350th in Asia by the QS Asia University Rankings [17] and 271-280th among BRICS countries by the QS BRICS University Rankings. [18]
Internationally, Minzu University of China was ranked amongst top 2000 in the world by the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR), the RUR World University Rankings, Scimago Institutions Rankings and University Ranking by Academic Performance. [16] [19] [20] [21]
The Chinese Communist Party first established a Nationalities Institute in its Civil War stronghold of Yan'an, in central China, in October 1941. In 1950-1952, this was merged with other ethnolinguistic and sociological departments, including elements of Peking University and Tsinghua University. The result was the Central Institute for Nationalities,[ citation needed ] which was established in 1951 and officially opened on 11 June 1952. The institute was assigned a large area of parkland on the outskirts of Beijing as its campus.[ citation needed ]
Both the Yan'an and Central institutes were intended to train cadres (officials) for ethnic minority areas, as well as providing a liberal arts education for promising students from the minorities.[ citation needed ] The cadres were to be trained so they could serve as liaisons between their minority communities and the Chinese government. Their research was and is intended to support the policies of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission. In its early years, the institute was caught up in the sensitive issue of classifying China's vast population into official ethnic groups, until the Cultural Revolution made conventional education almost impossible.[ citation needed ]
In 1999, it was granted "key university" status,[ citation needed ] as part of Project 211, which was supposed to identify 100 Chinese universities that would play leading roles in the 21st century. Since 2004, the university has been a participant in Project 985, a major national programme to raise 39 universities to world-class status. The campus has been almost completely reconstructed as part of this programme.[ citation needed ]
Meanwhile, Haidian has continued to develop as Beijing's main university district. CUN is now adjacent to the National Library of China and Zhongguancun, which local media refer to as "China's silicon valley." [22] In 2006 a large site was acquired in Beijing's Fengtai district, and it is likely that a second campus will be constructed there. [23]
To ensure that members of the 56 recognized minority groups are admitted the school has fixed quotas for each group. As of 2011, Minzu University accepts National Higher Education Entrance Examination (Gaokao) scores with a minimum in the mid-400s, or below the 50th percentile. Out of the Beijing universities, this has one of the lowest acceptance requirements.
In China a university may admit a student whose score is barely below the cutoff score at its discretion. Sometimes minimum score levels were lowered to ensure that students from among the least-accepted minority groups would be permitted entry. The school offers remedial courses, including a one-year tutorial course that reviews the final year of senior secondary school and remedial Chinese courses to assist minority students to enroll.
The university has bridging programs to select minority students at Chinese secondary schools who are high achieving so they can attend Minzu University to prepare them for entering the highest ranked universities in Beijing. The government pays tuition for these programs.
Other universities for ethnic minorities in the People's Republic of China:
Ethnic minorities in China are the non-Han population in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
The Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.
Hunan University is a public university in Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.
The University of Science and Technology Beijing is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction. The university was formerly known as Beijing Steel and Iron Institute (北京钢铁学院) before 1988.
The Beijing University of Chemical Technology is a public university in Chaoyang, Beijing, China. It was founded in 1958 and is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.
China Agricultural University (CAU) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. The university is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of China. It is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.
Wuhan University is a public university in Wuhan, Hubei, China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 985, Project 211, and the Double First-Class Construction.
A number of ethnic groups of the People's Republic of China are not officially recognized. Taken together, these groups would constitute the twentieth most populous ethnic group of China. Some scholars have estimated that there are over 200 distinct ethnic groups that inhabit China, compared to 56 groups are officially recognized. There are in addition small distinct ethnic groups that have been classified as part of larger ethnic groups that are officially recognized. Some groups, like the Hui of Xinjiang with the Hui of Fujian, are geographically and culturally separate, except for the shared belief of Islam. Han Chinese, being the world's largest ethnic group, has a large diversity within it, such as in Gansu, whose Han individuals may have genetic traits from the assimilated Tangut civilization. Although they are indigenous to Hainan island and do not speak a Chinese language, the Lingao (Ong-Be) people near the capital are counted as Han Chinese.
Northwestern Polytechnical University is a public science and engineering university in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.
Guangxi University for Nationalities is a provincial research university in Nanning, Guangxi. Established in 1952 to serve the ethnic minority populations in Guangxi, the university has historical strengths in ethnology and foreign languages.
Northwest Minzu University, formerly known as Northwest University for Nationalities, is the first minority institution of higher learning founded in China after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, directly under the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of PRC. The university is in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, and covers a land area of 474 acres (1.92 km2). It has two campuses: Northwest Xincun and Yuzhong.
Xinjiang University (XJU) is a provincial public comprehensive university in Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China. It is a national key university affiliated with the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and co-funded by the Ministry of Education and the region. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.
Ilham Tohti is a Uyghur economist serving a life sentence in China, on separatism-related charges. He is a vocal advocate for the implementation of regional autonomy laws in China, was the host of Uyghur Online, a website founded in 2006 that discusses Uyghur issues, and is known for his research on Uyghur-Han relations. Ilham was summoned from his Beijing home and detained shortly after the July 2009 Ürümqi riots by the authorities because of his criticism of the Chinese government's policies toward Uyghurs in Xinjiang. Ilham was released on August 23 after international pressure and condemnation. He was arrested again in January 2014 and imprisoned after a two-day trial. For his work in the face of adversity he was awarded the PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award (2014), the Martin Ennals Award (2016), the Václav Havel Human Rights Prize (2019), and the Sakharov Prize (2019). Ilham is viewed as a moderate and believes that Xinjiang should be granted autonomy according to democratic principles.
Kahar Barat is a Uyghur American historian known for his work on Buddhism and Islam in Xinjiang.
Xizang Minzu University, also known as Tibet University for Nationalities, is a Chinese university established to educate ethnic minorities, specifically Tibetans. It is under the jurisdiction of Tibet Autonomous Region, but is physically located in the city of Xianyang in Shaanxi province, near the provincial capital Xi'an.
As of 2020, China had the world's second-highest number of top universities in several most cited international rankings including the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), the U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking, the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR), the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities and the Three University Missions Ranking.
North Minzu University is a Chinese university located at Yinchuan City, Ningxia Province, China. It is a comprehensive national institution of higher education which is affiliated to the State Ethnic Affairs Commission. The university is authorized to grant bachelor's, master's and doctor's degrees approved by the Academic Degree Commission of the State Council. NMU is the only university at the central ministry and commission level that is established in an autonomous region, located in Yinchuan, the capital city of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The university was founded in 1984 as Northwest Second Minzu University. In 2008, it was renamed to North Minzu University.
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Local ethnic nationalism or local ethnic chauvinism refers to a form of nationalism that divides China (PRC) by refusing to unite with the Han Chinese by focusing only on the 'national/ethnic interests' (民族利益) of ethnic minorities in China.
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: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) ()Ilham Tohti, a Uygur former economics professor at Beijing's Minzu University, was sentenced to life in prison for secession by a court in Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, on Tuesday.
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: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) () "According to his official biography, Tohti was born in Atush, Xinjiang, on Oct. 25, 1969. He graduated from the Northeast Normal University and the Economics School at the Central Nationalities University in Beijing."{{cite news}}
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