中华人民共和国国家民族事务委员会 Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guójiā Mínzú Shìwù Wěiyuánhuì | |
Agency overview | |
---|---|
Formed | 1949 |
Jurisdiction | Government of China |
Headquarters | Beijing |
Minister responsible |
|
Parent agency | United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party |
Child agency | |
Website | www |
National Ethnic Affairs Commission | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese name | |||||||
Simplified Chinese | 中华人民共和国国家民族事务委员会 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 中華人民共和國國家民族事務委員會 | ||||||
Literal meaning | National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China | ||||||
| |||||||
Alternative Chinese name | |||||||
Simplified Chinese | 国家民委 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 國家民委 | ||||||
Literal meaning | National Ethnic-Commission | ||||||
| |||||||
Tibetan name | |||||||
Tibetan | ཀྲུང་ཧྭ་མི་དམངས་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མི་རིགས་དོན་གཅོད་ཨུ་ཡོན་ལྷན་ཁང་ | ||||||
Zhuang name | |||||||
Zhuang | Cunghvaz Yinzminz Gunghozgoz Guekgya Minzcuz Swvu Veijyenzvei | ||||||
Mongolian name | |||||||
Mongolian script | ᠪᠥᠬᠥᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ | ||||||
Uyghur name | |||||||
Uyghur | جۇڭخۇا خەلق جۇمھۇرىيتى دۆلەت مىللەت ئىشلىرى كومىتېتى |
The National Ethnic Affairs Commission is a body under the leadership of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party that is responsible for relations between the Chinese government and ethnic minorities in China. It supervises the implementation - and monitors the performance - of national and regional systems to manage and sinicize non-Han ethnic minorities.
In 2013,the Xinjiang Work Coordination Small Group was moved from the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission to the NEAC. [1] : 75 In a 2018 reorganization,the NEAC was placed under United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. [2] [3] It had previously been under the State Council. [4] : 77
In 2020,a Han Chinese Chen Xiaojiang was named director of the commission,the first Han Chinese to lead the body since 1954. [5] In 2022,Pan Yue became the director. Under Pan,calls for "ethnic fusion" of all non-Han minority ethnic groups became louder. [6] [7]
No. | Name | Ethnicity | Took office | Left office |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Li Weihan (李维汉) | Han | October 1949 | September 1954 |
2 | Ulanhu (乌兰夫) | Mongol | September 1954 | January 1975 |
3 | Yang Jingren (杨静仁) | Hui | March 1978 | January 1986 |
4 | Ismail Amat (司马义·艾买提) | Uyghur | January 1986 | March 1998 |
5 | Li Dezhu (李德洙) | Korean | March 1998 | March 2008 |
6 | Yang Jing (杨晶) | Mongol | March 2008 | 16 March 2013 |
7 | Wang Zhengwei (王正伟) | Hui | 16 March 2013 | 28 April 2016 |
8 | Bagatur (巴特尔) | Mongol | 28 April 2016 | 14 December 2020 |
9 | Chen Xiaojiang (陈小江) | Han | 14 December 2020 | 24 June 2022 [8] [9] |
10 | Pan Yue (潘岳) | Han | 24 June 2022 |
Ethnic minorities in China are the non-Han population in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
Chinese nationalism is a form of nationalism in which asserts that the Chinese people are a nation and promotes the cultural and national unity of all Chinese people. According to Sun Yat-sen's philosophy in the Three Principles of the People, Chinese nationalism is evaluated as multi-ethnic nationalism, which should be distinguished from Han nationalism or local ethnic nationalism.
Sinicization, sinofication, sinification, or sinonization is the process by which non-Chinese societies or groups are acculturated or assimilated into Chinese culture, particularly the language, societal norms, culture, and ethnic identity of the Han Chinese—the largest ethnic group of China.
Han nationalism is a form of ethnic nationalism asserting ethnically Han people as the exclusive constituents of the Chinese nation. It is often in dialogue with other conceptions of Chinese nationalism, often mutually-exclusive or otherwise contradictory ones. Han people are the dominant ethnic group in both states claiming to represent the Chinese nation: the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China.
The United Front Work Department (UFWD) is a department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) tasked with "united front work." It gathers intelligence on, manages relations with, and attempts to gain influence over elite individuals and organizations inside and outside mainland China, including in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and in other countries.
Xi Jinping is a Chinese politician who has been the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), and thus the paramount leader of China, since 2012. Xi has also been the president of the People's Republic of China (PRC) since 2013. As a member of the fifth generation of Chinese leadership, Xi is the first CCP general secretary born after the establishment of the PRC.
Shufu County, also transliterated from Uyghur as Konaxahar County or Konasheher County/Kona Sheher County, is a county in Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. It contains an area of 3,513 km2 (1,356 sq mi). According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 360,000.
Pan Yue is a Chinese government official who is the current minister of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission and a deputy head of the United Front Work Department.
Racism in China arises from Chinese history, nationalism, sinicization, and other factors. Racism in the People's Republic of China has been documented in numerous situations. Ethnic tensions have led to numerous incidents in the country such as the Xinjiang conflict, the ongoing internment and state persecution of Uyghurs and other ethnic minorities, the 2010 Tibetan language protest, the 2020 Inner Mongolia protests, discrimination against Africans in particular and discrimination against Black people in general.
The Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission (MTAC) was a ministry-level commission of the Executive Yuan in the Republic of China. It was disbanded on 15 September 2017.
A conquest dynasty in the history of China refers to a Chinese dynasty established by non-Han ethnicities which ruled parts or all of China proper, the traditional heartland of the Han people, and whose rulers may or may not have fully assimilated into the dominant Han culture.
Xinjiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads of Central Asia and East Asia. Being the largest province-level division of China by area and the 8th-largest country subdivision in the world, Xinjiang spans over 1.6 million square kilometres (620,000 sq mi) and has about 25 million inhabitants. Xinjiang borders the countries of Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and India. The rugged Karakoram, Kunlun and Tian Shan mountain ranges occupy much of Xinjiang's borders, as well as its western and southern regions. The Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract regions are claimed by India but administered by China. Xinjiang also borders the Tibet Autonomous Region and the provinces of Gansu and Qinghai. The most well-known route of the historic Silk Road ran through the territory from the east to its northwestern border.
Chen Quanguo is a Chinese retired politician who was the Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of Tibet Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2016 and of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region from 2016 to 2021, making him the only person to serve as the Party Secretary for both autonomous regions. Between 2017 and 2022, he was a member of the 19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party and was also Political Commissar of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps concurrently with his position as Xinjiang Party Secretary.
The Chinese Dream, also called the China Dream, is a term closely associated with Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and China's paramount leader. Xi began promoting the phrase as a slogan during a high-profile tour of an exhibit at the National Museum of China in November 2012, shortly after he became leader of the CCP. The exhibit at that time was called the "Road to National Rejuvenation". Xi said that the Chinese Dream is the "great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation".
Ismail Amat was a Chinese politician of Uyghur ethnicity who served as Chairman (Governor) of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, State Councillor, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
Antireligious campaigns in China are a series of policies and practices taken as part of the Chinese Communist Party's official promotion of state atheism, coupled with its persecution of people with spiritual or religious beliefs, in the People's Republic of China. Antireligious campaigns were launched in 1949, after the Chinese Communist Revolution, and they continue to be waged against Buddhists, Christians, Muslims, and members of other religious communities in the 21st century.
The 2020 Inner Mongolia protests was a protest caused by a curriculum reform imposed on ethnic schools by China's Inner Mongolia Department of Education. The two-part reform replaces Mongolian with Standard Mandarin as the medium of instruction in three particular subjects and replaces three regional textbooks, printed in Mongolian script, by the nationally-unified textbook series edited by the Ministry of Education, written in Standard Mandarin. On a broader scale, the opposition to the curriculum change reflects racism in China and the decline of regional language education in China.
Han chauvinism is an ideology that speaks out for the ethnic Han Chinese people and its uniqueness throughout human history. Han chauvinists believe that the current influence from the West has downgraded the development of China's own cultural customs, and in response, it has become instrumental in leading the increasingly traditionalist movement, which was launched in 2001. Participants come together both online and in person in cities across China to revitalize their vision of the authentic “Great Han” and corresponding “real China” through traditional ethnic dress and Confucian ritual.
Chen Xiaojiang is a Chinese editor and politician who is the Executive Deputy Head of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party since 2022. Previously, he served as Minister of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission; deputy director of the National Supervisory Commission, the highest anti-corruption agency of China; and deputy secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the party's internal disciplinary body.
The Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, officially the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the municipal committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Shanghai. The committee secretary is the highest ranking post in the city and outranks the mayor, who is generally the deputy secretary of the committee. The current secretary is Chen Jining, a member of the CCP Politburo, who replaced Li Qiang on 28 October 2022.