Fuyu Kyrgyz people

Last updated
Fuyu Kyrgyz
Gïrgïs, Kyrgysdar
Total population
1,400
Regions with significant populations
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 1,400
Languages
Fuyu Kyrgyz, Oirat, Chinese
Religion
Tibetan Buddhism [ citation needed ]
Related ethnic groups
Khakas, Kyrgyz, Manchurian Öelets [1]

The Fuyu Kyrgyz are a Turkic ethnic group who reside in Heilongjiang, China. [2] They primarily reside in the Fuyu County. [3] Their ethnic ties with the Kyrgyz/Kirghiz are unclear.

Contents

Migration

The Fuyu Kyrgyz resided in the region of East Turkestan, modern day Xinjiang, until the Qing government forced them to move to Heilongjiang nearly 200 years ago. [4] [ when? ] Some Fuyu Kyrgyz came from the Russian Empire to northeast China 200 years before that. [5] Some Fuyu Kyrgyz from Dzungaria moved to Manchuria in 1761. [6]

Relations with the Khakas

The Khakas are one of the closest groups to the Fuyu Kyrgyz. [7] The Fuyu Kyrgyz went by the name Khonkoro during their exile. [8]

Language

Although the Fuyu Kyrgyz number more than 1,400, only 10 people speak the language and most people have shifted to the Mongolic language Oirat or Mandarin. [9] [ better source needed ] It is closely related to Khakas.

Culture

Many of the Fuyu Kyrgyz are cattle breeders and are also involved in hunting. [10] The Fuyu Kyrgyz used to live in Mongolic-Turkic yurts, and the people wear loose clothing and belts. The Fuyu Kyrgyz instruments include the Khakas Khakashomysu. The Fuyu Kyrgyz and Tuva are one of the only Turkic groups in China which have not been recognised by the government as well as the Äynu people. [11]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Turkic languages</span> Language family of Eurasia

The Turkic languages are a language family of more than 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and West Asia. The Turkic languages originated in a region of East Asia spanning from Mongolia to Northwest China, where Proto-Turkic is thought to have been spoken, from where they expanded to Central Asia and farther west during the first millennium. They are characterized as a dialect continuum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Turkic peoples</span> Family of ethnic groups of Eurasia

The Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West, Central, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manchuria</span> Geographical region in Northeast Asia

Manchuria is a term that refers to a region in Northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day Northeast China, and historically parts of the modern-day Russian Far East, often referred to as Outer Manchuria. Its definition may refer to varying geographical extents as follows: in the narrow sense, the area constituted by three Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning but broadly also including the eastern Inner Mongolian prefectures of Hulunbuir, Hinggan, Tongliao, and Chifeng, collectively known as Northeast China; the aforementioned regions plus the homelands of ancient Jurchen and their descendant Manchus in the Amur river basin, together forming the historical Manchuria, until parts of the region were ceded to the Russian Empire by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty during the Amur Annexation of 1858–1860, which include present-day Amur Oblast, Primorsky Krai, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, the southern part of Khabarovsk Krai, and the eastern edge of Zabaykalsky Krai, collectively known as the Outer Manchuria or Russian Manchuria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kyrgyz language</span> Kipchak Turkic language of Central Asia

Kyrgyz is a Turkic language of the Kipchak branch spoken in Central Asia. Kyrgyz is the official language of Kyrgyzstan and a significant minority language in the Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang, China and in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan. There is a very high level of mutual intelligibility between Kyrgyz, Kazakh, and Altay. A dialect of Kyrgyz known as Pamiri Kyrgyz is spoken in north-eastern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan. Kyrgyz is also spoken by many ethnic Kyrgyz through the former Soviet Union, Afghanistan, Turkey, parts of northern Pakistan, and Russia.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tuvans</span> Siberian Turkic ethnic group

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khakas</span> Ethnic group indigenous to Siberia

The Khakas are a Turkic indigenous people of Siberia, who live in the republic of Khakassia, Russia. They speak the Khakas language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Umay</span> Turkic goddess of children, babies, and souls

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Fuyu Kyrgyz, also known as Manchurian Kirghiz, is a critically endangered Turkic language, and as, Gïrgïs, Kyrgysdar is an ethnonym of the Turkic unrecognized ethnic group in China. Despite the name, the Fuyu Kyrgyz language is not closely related to the Kyrgyz language, which is of Kipchak origin. The Fuyu Kyrgyz language is more similar to the Western Yugur language and the Abakan Turkic languages. The Fuyu Kyrgyz were relocated from the present day Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture by the Qing government nearly 200 years ago.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurasian nomads</span> Nomadic peoples

The Eurasian nomads were groups of nomadic peoples living throughout the Eurasian Steppe, who are largely known from frontier historical sources from Europe and Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khakas language</span> Northeastern Turkic language

Khakas, also known as Xakas, is a Turkic language spoken by the Khakas, who mainly live in the southwestern Siberian Republic of Khakassia, in Russia. The Khakas number 73,000, of whom 42,000 speak the Khakas language. Most Khakas speakers are bilingual in Russian.

Fuyu may refer to:

The Turkic migrations were the spread of Turkic tribes and Turkic languages across Eurasia between the 4th and 11th centuries. In the 6th century, the Göktürks overthrew the Rouran Khaganate in what is now Mongolia and expanded in all directions, spreading Turkic culture throughout the Eurasian steppes. Although Göktürk empires came to an end in the 8th century, they were succeeded by numerous Turkic empires such as the Uyghur Khaganate, Kara-Khanid Khanate, Khazars, and the Cumans. Some Turks eventually settled down into sedentary societies such as the Qocho and Ganzhou Uyghurs. The Seljuq dynasty settled in Anatolia starting in the 11th century, resulting in permanent Turkic settlement and presence there. Modern nations with large Turkic populations include Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, and Turkic populations also exist within other nations, such as Chuvashia, Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and the Sakha Republic of Siberia in Russia, Northern Cyprus, the Crimean Tatars, the Kazakhs in Mongolia, the Uyghurs in China, and the Azeris in Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tungusic peoples</span> Ethnolinguistic group

Tungusic peoples are an ethnolinguistic group formed by the speakers of Tungusic languages. They are native to Siberia, China, and Mongolia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uriankhai</span> Ethnic groups of Mongolia

Uriankhai is a term of address applied by the Mongols to a group of forest peoples of the North, who include the Turkic-speaking Tuvans and Yakuts, while sometimes it is also applied to the Mongolian-speaking Altai Uriankhai. The Uriankhai included the western forest Uriankhai tribe and the Transbaikal Uriankhai tribe, with the former recorded in Chinese sources as Chinese: 兀良哈; pinyin: Wùliánghā). It is also the origin of the Korean term "olangkae", 오랑캐, meaning barbarian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nomadic empire</span> Empires of the Eurasian steppes from classical antiquity to the early modern era

Nomadic empires, sometimes also called steppe empires, Central or Inner Asian empires, were the empires erected by the bow-wielding, horse-riding, nomadic people in the Eurasian Steppe, from classical antiquity (Scythia) to the early modern era (Dzungars). They are the most prominent example of non-sedentary polities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fuyu County, Heilongjiang</span> County in Heilongjiang, Peoples Republic of China

Fuyu is a county of western Heilongjiang province, China, under the administration of Qiqihar City. Various economic crops and the milk are produced in the fertile land. The county has an area of 4,026 square kilometres (1,554 sq mi), and has a population of approximately 300,000 inhabitants, per a 2023 government publication.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yenisei Kyrgyz</span> Former state and ethnic population

The Yenisei Kyrgyz, were an ancient Turkic-speaking people who dwelled along the upper Yenisei River in the southern portion of the Minusinsk Depression from the 3rd century BCE to the 13th century CE. The heart of their homeland was the forested Tannu-Ola mountain range, in modern-day Tuva, just north of Mongolia. The Sayan Mountains were also included in their territory at different times. The Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate existed from 538 to 1219 CE; in 840, it took over the leadership of the Turkic Khaganate from the Uyghurs, expanding the state from the Yenisei territories into Central Asia and the Tarim Basin.

Kyrgyz, Kirghiz or Kyrgyzstani may refer to:

References

  1. Juha Janhunen (1996). Manchuria: An Ethnic History. Finno-Ugrian Society. pp. 111–112. ISBN   978-951-9403-84-7.
  2. Robbeets, Martine; Savelyev, Alexander (2020). The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages. China: Oxford University Press, 27-May-2020. p. 27. ISBN   9780198804628.
  3. Dao, Zhi. Islamic History in China.
  4. Dao, Zhi. Hero Epic of Ethnic Minority in China. DeepLogic.
  5. Kokaisl, Petr; Kokaislová, Pavla (2009). The Kyrgyz – Children of Manas. Кыргыздар – Манастын балдары. NOSTALGIE Praha, 2009. p. 175. ISBN   9788025463659.
  6. Schmitz, Timo (2021). My Archive of Languages (2021 Edition) (4 ed.). epubli, 2021. ISBN   9783754929186.
  7. Pultar, Gönül (2014). Imagined Identities: Identity Formation in the Age of Globalization. Syracuse University Press, 14-Apr-2014. p. 362. ISBN   9780815633426.
  8. Akerov, Found Abdramanovich (2005). Ancient Kyrgyz and the Great Steppe : in the footsteps of ancient Kyrgyz civilizations. Height, 2005. p. 278. ISBN   9789967131514.
  9. "Fuyu Kyrgyz language, alphabet and pronunciation". omniglot.com.
  10. "FU-YU (FUYU) KYRGYZ AND THEIR ORIGIN". dergikaradeniz.com.
  11. Dwyer, Arienne M. (2016). "Endangered Turkic languages of China" (PDF). In Eker, Süer; Şavk, Çelik (eds.). Tehlikedeki Türk dilleri I: Kuramsal ve Genel Yaklaşımlar[Endangered Turkic Languages: Theoretical and General Approaches]. Vol. 1. Ankara. pp. 431–450. ISBN   978-9944-237-48-2. OCLC   1039594909.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)