The National Immigration Administration (NIA),alternatively known as the Exit and Entry Administration of the People's Republic of China (for mainland China's regional border controls with Hong Kong,Macau,and Taiwan),is a sub-ministry-level executive agency administrated by the Ministry of Public Security. The administration is responsible for coordinating and formulating immigration policies and their implementation,border control (and border patrol along with drug interdiction),[1][2] administering foreigners’stay,management on refugees and nationality,taking the lead in coordinating the administering of foreigners who illegally enter,stay or are employed in China,and the repatriation of illegal immigrants.[3][4] The NIA is also responsible for manning border checkpoints.[5]
In 2025,the NIA had an annual budget of 62,567,100,300 Renminbi.[6]:10
History
In July 1998,nine cities including Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Zhuhai,Xiamen,Haikou,and Shantou established the entry-exit border checkpoints,which were vertically led by the Ministry of Public Security Exit and Entry Bureau[zh].[7] In 2011,according to the Central Office document on the "approval on the adjustment of Beijing in seven vocational institutions specifications preparing Frontier Guard Inspection Station" (Central Office Document No. 54),Shenzhen FGIS and seven other professional Frontier Inspection Station Specifications adjusted from the deputy department level to the main department level with the institutional affiliation and staffing remaining unchanged.[8]
The National Immigration Administration has an institution that Deputy Bureau level (副司局级),and each border inspection station and standing force are at Office level (正厅级). The National Immigration Service has the following subordinate bodies:[12]
The Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet, Gansu and Xinjiang General Station of exit and entry frontier inspection also have the name of the Provincial Public Security Department's Border Management Unit under One institution with two names.[6]:5
As of July 2024, the NIA operated 11782 vehicles.[6]:30 Police dogs are also used for drug interception and border patrol.
In 2023, 15 police dogs became the first batch of police dogs with the award of "Meritorious Police Dogs".[20] Horses and drones are also used for border patrol operation.[21]
From 1 April 2019 onwards, all mainland citizens can apply and receive passports and exit and entry permits from the NIA offices anywhere in the country, instead of requiring citizens to go to their Hukou city/province to apply. Also, exit and entry permits to Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan can be applied to, received, and delivered within a few minutes on automatic machines.[22]
Line of duty casualties
Due to the NIA being responsible for border patrol, there are occasionally gunfights between NIA officers and drug traffickers on the China–Myanmar border, most famously in December 4, 2021 when ethnic Hani officer Cai Xiaodong (蔡晓东) of the Xishuangbanna border management detachment was shot and killed by a drug trafficker on the China Myanmar border. He was posthumously awarded martyr status.[23][24][25]
In 2021, 7 NIA officers(both sworn and auxiliary) were killed in the line of duty, with a further 49 being injured[26]
In 2022, 6 NIA officers(both sworn and auxiliary) were killed in the line of duty, with a further 40 being injured[27]
In 2023, 12 NIA officers(both sworn and auxiliary) were killed in the line of duty, with a further 77 being injured.[28]
In 2024, 15 NIA officers (both sworn and auxiliary) were killed in the line of duty, with a further 66 being injured.[29]
↑ "公安边防简介"[About Us - Ministry of Public Security Border Control Department]. The Border Control Department of the Ministry of Public Security. 2008-04-29. Archived from the original on 2012-05-09. Retrieved 2025-03-18.
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