National Guard (Mexico)

Last updated

National Guard of Mexico
Guardia Nacional
Guardia Nacional Mexicana.png
Seal of the National Guard
AbbreviationGN
Agency overview
Formed26 May 2019
Preceding agency
Employees120,000
Jurisdictional structure
National agency Mexico
Federal agency Mexico
Operations jurisdiction Mexico
Governing body Secretariat of Security and Civil Protection
Secretariat of National Defense
Constituting instrument
  • Law of the National Guard (2019)
General nature
Operational structure
Agency executive
  • Luis Rodríguez Bucio, Commander
GN Mexico.jpg

The National Guard (Spanish: Guardia Nacional) is the national gendarmerie of Mexico, created in 2019 by absorbing units and officers from the Federal Police, Military Police, and Naval Police. [1] [2]

Contents

In 2022, a reform package approved in the Mexican Congress transferred command of the National Guard to the Secretariat of National Defense. [3]

History

Members of the National Guard National Guard of Mexico.jpg
Members of the National Guard

The National Guard was launched by President Andrés Manuel López Obrador in 2019. It has since played a major part in intensifying the enforcement of immigration policy. [4] Before becoming president, López Obrador campaigned on a promise to take the military off the streets. [2] Shortly after assuming office, he released a plan to create the National Guard under control of the Mexican Armed Forces which would be in charge of "preventing and combating crime". [2] [5] López Obrador stated that the new National Guard would be critical to solving Mexico's ongoing security crisis. [1] [6]

On 28 February, Congress voted to approve a 60,000-member national guard. [6] On 27 May 2019, the law regulating the National Guard entered into force. [7] On 30 June 2019, the National Guard was officially established. [8] [9]

In June 2019, as part of a deal with the United States, Mexico agreed to deploy the newly formed National Guard to its border with Guatemala. [10] [11] While the guard was always intended to enforce immigration policy, it was not intended to do so as soon as announced. [10] [11]

A 2019 survey sponsored by The Washington Post and Mexican newspaper Reforma gathered information on public opinion regarding both the new National Guard and illegal immigration to Mexico. [4] The survey was conducted from 9 July to 14 July 2019, among 1,200 adults across the country in 100 election districts by way of face-to-face interviews. [4] A 53% majority voiced their trust in the national guard, with two-thirds saying that they would like the national guard to be in their city, whereas 45% report that they feel more safe with the domestic force. [4] Furthermore, the survey said 51% of Mexicans support utilizing the country's recently formed National Guard to repel migration by illegal immigrants. [4]

Command structure

The law assigns full control of the National Guard to the Secretary of Security and Civilian Protection, who is in charge of all matters related to the work of the NG. [9]

According to article 12 of the Law of the National Guard, the National Guard is organized on five command levels: [7]

Ranks

According to articles 29 and 30 of the Law of the National Guard, the ranks are: [7]

Commissioned officers

Rank groupGeneral / flag officersSenior officersJunior officers
Commissioners GeneralInspectorsOfficers
Flag of Mexico.svg Mexican National Guard
Rango Comisario General GN.png Rango Comisario Jefe GN.png Rango Comisario GN.png Rango Inspector General GN.png Rango Inspector Jefe GN.png Rango Inspector GN.png Rango Primer Subinspector GN.png Rango Segundo Subinspector GN.png Rango Oficial GN.png Rango Suboficial GN.png
Comisario GeneralComisario JefeComisarioInspector GeneralInspector JefeInspectorSubinspector PrimeroSubinspector SegundoOficialSuboficial

Basic scale ladder

Rank groupSenior NCOsJunior NCOsEnlisted
Flag of Mexico.svg Mexican National Guard
Rango Agente Mayor GN.png Rango Agente GN.png Rango Subagente GN.png Rango Guardia Nacional GN.png
Agente MayorAgenteSubagenteGuardia Nacional

Equipment

Aircraft

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Civil Guard (Spain)</span> Gendarmerie branch of Spains armed forces

The Civil Guard is one of the two national law enforcement agencies of Spain. As a national gendarmerie, it is military in nature and is responsible for civil policing under the authority of both the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Defence. The role of the Ministry of Defence is limited except in times of war when the Ministry has exclusive authority. The corps is colloquially known as the benemérita. In annual surveys, it generally ranks as the national institution most valued by Spaniards, closely followed by other law enforcement agencies and the armed forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</span> President of Mexico since 2018

Andrés Manuel López Obrador, also known by his initials AMLO, is a Mexican politician who is the 65th and current president of Mexico since 2018. He previously served as Head of Government of Mexico City from 2000 to 2005.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Human Rights Commission (Mexico)</span> National human rights institution of Mexico

The National Human Rights Commission is the national human rights institution (NHRI) accredited at the United Nations with "A" status by the International Co-ordinating Committee of NHRIs. It is also a voting member of the International Ombudsman Institute, and its president thus is considered as the national ombudsman for Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mexican Army</span> Combined land and air branches of the Mexican Armed Forces

The Mexican Army is the combined land and air branch and is the largest part of the Mexican Armed Forces; it is also known as the National Defense Army.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal Police (Mexico)</span> Mexican federal police

The Federal Police, formerly known as the Policía Federal Preventiva and sometimes referred to in the U.S. as "Federales", was a Mexican national police force formed in 1999. In 2019 it was incorporated into the National Guard and operated under the authority of the Department of Security and Civil Protection.

Law enforcement in Spain is carried out by numerous organizations, not all of which operate in the same areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Civil Guard (Peru)</span> Gendarmerie body in Peru, 1873–1988

The Civil Guard was the main preventive police force of Peru until its dissolution in 1988. As a national gendarmerie force, it was responsible for civil policing under the authority of the Ministry of the Interior, while investigative work was carried out by the Peruvian Investigative Police. It was also supported at times by the Republican Guard. During its dissolution process, it became known as the General Police until its formal integration into the National Police of Peru in 1991. The corps is colloquially known as the benemérita (reputable).

Law enforcement in Peru is carried out by two organizations under the direction of the Ministry of the Interior:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Police of Peru</span> Police force of Peru

The National Police of Peru is the national police force of Peru. Its jurisdiction covers the nation's land, sea, and air territories. Formed from the merger of the Investigative Police, the Civil Guard, and the Republican Guard in 1988, it is one of the largest police forces in Latin America. Its mission is to preserve domestic order, public order and national security, in order to enforce the law and protect the people of Peru. The PNP is controlled by the Ministry of the Interior. The PNP has a number of divisions, tasked with enforcing specific aspects of the law; among the more well known are DIROES, DIRANDRO, DIRINCRI, and DIRCOTE (Anti-Terrorism).

Law enforcement in Mexico is divided into three powers; federal, state and municipal groups. With the reform of President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador of Mexico’s Federal Police, the agency was replaced with the new National Guard that serves as a federal ‘military police.’ The main goal of the National Guard is to bring justice and peace to the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Law enforcement in Mexico City</span> Mexico City Police

Law enforcement in Mexico City is provided by two primary agencies; the Secretariat of Citizen Security of Mexico City, who provides uniformed or preventative police, and the Office of the Attorney General of Mexico City who provides plainclothes detectives and crime lab services.

Illegal immigration in Mexico has occurred at various times throughout history, especially in the 1830s and since the 1970s. The largest source of illegal immigrants in Mexico are the impoverished Central American countries of Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, and El Salvador and African countries like Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Guinea, Ghana and Nigeria. The largest single group of illegal immigrants in Mexico is from the United States.

The National Regeneration Movement, commonly referred to by its syllabic abbreviation Morena, is a major left-wing populist political party in Mexico. As of 2023, it is the largest political party in Mexico by number of members; it has been the ruling party since 2018, and won a second term in the 2024 general election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Police of Uruguay</span> Law enforcement agency

The National Police of Uruguay is a national and institutional police force of the Republic of Uruguay, founded on December 18, 1829. It depends on the Executive Power through the Ministry of the Interior. Its main mission is to protect the free exercise of rights and freedoms, guarantee order, internal security, ensure compliance with the laws, assist and protect people, prevent the commission of crimes, ensure security in public places and events, repress behaviors that constitute crimes and misdemeanors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Presidency of Andrés Manuel López Obrador</span> Presidential administration of Mexico from 2018 to present

Andrés Manuel López Obrador's tenure as the President of Mexico began with his inauguration on 1 December 2018. López Obrador, a member of the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) and former Head of Government of the Federal District, had previously run for president in the 2006 and 2012 elections. He assumed office following a landslide victory in the 2018 presidential election. Upon his inauguration, he became the oldest person to become President of Mexico since 1952.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Director General of the Police (Spain)</span>

The Director-General of the Police (DGP) of Spain is a high-ranking official in the Ministry of the Interior. The Director-General is nominated by the Minister of Home Affairs after consulting to the Council of Ministers and he or she is appointed by the Monarch. The director general reports directly to the Secretary of State for Security and has rank of Under Secretary.

The Directorate-General of the Police (DGP) is a component of the Spanish Department of the Interior responsible for exercising the direct command of the National Police Corps, the main civil law enforcement agency of Spain. The DGP, integrated in the Secretariat of State for Security, is in charge of organize, direct, coordinate and execute the missions entrusted to the National Police by the provisions in force, in accordance with the guidelines and orders issued by the Minister of the Interior.

Events of 2019 in Mexico. The article also lists the most important political leaders during the year at both federal and state levels and includes a brief year-end summary of major social and economic issues.

The Fourth Transformation refers to Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador's 2018 campaign promise to do away with privileged abuses that had plagued Mexico in decades past. López Obrador defined the first three transformations as the Mexican War of Independence (1810–1821), the Reform War (1858–1861) and the Mexican Revolution (1910–1917).

References

  1. 1 2 "A Look At Mexico's New National Guard". NPR. 13 July 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  2. 1 2 3 Sieff, Kevin; Sheridan, Mary Beth (10 June 2019). "Mexico is sending its new national guard to the Guatemala border. The mission is unclear". The Washington Post . Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  3. ↑ "Pase de la Guardia Nacional a la Sedena es oficial: AMLO publica decreto en el DOF". El Financiero (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Clement, Scott; Sieff, Kevin (17 July 2019). "Unauthorized Immigrants Face Public Backlash in Mexico, Survey". The Washington Post . Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  5. ↑ "Plan Nacional de Paz y Seguridad" (PDF). transicion.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  6. 1 2 Semple, Kirk; Villegas, Paulina (28 February 2019). "Mexico Approves 60,000-Strong National Guard. Critics Call It More of the Same". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  7. 1 2 3 "LEY DE LA GUARDIA NACIONAL" (PDF) (in Spanish). 9 September 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  8. ↑ Acuerdo por el que se establecen los elementos de la Policía Federal, de la Policía Militar y de la Policía Naval que integrarán la Guardia Nacional (Acuerdo) (in Spanish). 2019.
  9. 1 2 Correa, Catalina Pérez (8 August 2019). "México necesita una Guardia Nacional realmente civil". The New York Times (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  10. 1 2 "Mexico Scrambles To Establish National Guard After Promising To Tighten Border". NPR. 10 June 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  11. 1 2 Semple, Kirk (14 June 2019). "Mexico's National Guard, a 'Work in Progress,' Deployed to Curb Migration". The New York Times. Mexico City . Retrieved 14 July 2019.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.