United States Citizenship and Immigration Services

Last updated
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
USCIS logo English.svg
USCIS logo
Agency overview
FormedMarch 1, 2003;22 years ago (2003-03-01)
Jurisdiction Federal government of the United States
Headquarters5900 Capital Gateway Drive
Camp Springs, MD, U.S.
Employees24,200+ (2025) [1]
Annual budget$6.81 billion (2025) [1]
Agency executive
Parent agency United States Department of Homeland Security
Key document
Website www.uscis.gov

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) [3] is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that administers the country's naturalization and immigration system.

Contents

History

The USCIS is a successor to the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), which was dissolved by the Homeland Security Act of 2002 and replaced by three components within the DHS: USCIS, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), and Customs and Border Protection (CBP).

Mission statement

USCIS's mission statement was changed on February 9, 2022. USCIS Director Ur Jaddou announced the change. In 2021, USCIS leadership empowered employees to submit words they felt best illustrated the agency's work. The new mission statement reflects this feedback from the workforce, the Biden administration's priorities, and Jaddou's vision for an inclusive and accessible agency. [4]

The mission statement now reads:

USCIS upholds America's promise as a nation of welcome and possibility with fairness, integrity, and respect for all we serve. [5]

Functions

USCIS Office in Atlanta, Georgia U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service.jpg
USCIS Office in Atlanta, Georgia

USCIS processes immigrant visa petitions, naturalization applications, asylum applications, applications for adjustment of status (green cards), and refugee applications.

It also makes adjudicative decisions performed at the service centers, and manages all other immigration benefits functions (i.e., not immigration enforcement) performed by the former INS.

The USCIS's other responsibilities include:

While core immigration benefits functions remain the same as under the INS, a new goal is to process immigrants' applications more efficiently.

Improvement efforts have included attempts to reduce the applicant backlog and providing customer service through different channels, including the USCIS Contact Center with information in English and Spanish, Application Support Centers (ASCs), the Internet, and other channels.

USCIS focuses on two key points on the immigrant's path to civic integration: when they first become permanent residents and when they are ready to begin the formal naturalization process.

A lawful permanent resident is eligible to become a U.S. citizen after holding the Permanent Resident Card for at least five continuous years, with no trips out of the country of 180 days or more. [6]

If the lawful permanent resident marries a U.S. citizen, eligibility for U.S. citizenship is shortened to three years so long as the resident has been living with their spouse continuously for at least three years and the spouse has been a resident for at least three years. [7]

Forms

USCIS handles all forms and processing materials related to immigration and naturalization. This is evident from USCIS's predecessor, the INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service), which is defunct as of March 1, 2003. [8] [ circular reference ]

USCIS handles two kinds of forms: those related to immigration, and those related to naturalization. Forms are designated by a specific name, and an alphanumeric sequence consisting of a letter followed by two or three digits.

Forms related to immigration are designated with an I (for example, I-551, Permanent Resident Card) and forms related to naturalization are designated by an N (for example, N-400, Application for Naturalization).

Directors

No.PortraitDirectorTook officeLeft officeTime in officeParty President
1
Eduardo Aguirre official portrait 59-CF-DS-21812-05 (cropped).jpg
Aguirre, Eduardo Eduardo Aguirre
(born 1946)
August 15, 2003June 16, 20051 year, 305 days Republican Bush, George George W. Bush  (R)
Michael Petrucelli USCIS rational 360.jpg
Petrucelli, Michael Michael Petrucelli
Acting
June 17, 2005July 25, 200538 days?Bush, George George W. Bush  (R)
2
Emilio T. Gonzalez USCIS Director.png
Gonzalez, Emilio Emilio T. Gonzalez
(born 1956)
December 21, 2005April 18, 20082 years, 119 days Republican Bush, George George W. Bush  (R)
No image.png
Scharfen, JonathanJonathan "Jock" Scharfen
Acting
April 21, 2008December 2, 2008225 days?Bush, George George W. Bush  (R)
3
Alejandro Mayorkas.jpg
Mayorkas, Alejandro Alejandro Mayorkas
(born 1959)
August 12, 2009December 23, 20134 years, 133 days Democratic Obama, Barack Barack Obama  (D)
No image.png
Scialabba, LoriLori Scialabba
Acting
December 23, 2013July 9, 2014198 days?Obama, Barack Barack Obama  (D)
4
Official portrait of Leon Rodriguez, Director of United States Citizenship and Immigration Services.jpg
Winkowski, Thomas León Rodríguez
(born 1962)
July 9, 2014January 20, 20172 years, 195 days Democratic Obama, Barack Barack Obama  (D)
No image.png
Scialabba, LoriLori Scialabba
Acting
January 20, 2017March 31, 201770 days?Trump, Donald Donald Trump  (R)
No image.png
McCament, JamesJames W. McCament
Acting
March 31, 2017October 8, 2017191 days?Trump, Donald Donald Trump  (R)
5
Lee Francis Cissna official photo.jpg
Cissna, Lee L. Francis Cissna
(born 1966)
October 8, 2017June 1, 20191 year, 236 days Independent Trump, Donald Donald Trump  (R)
Ken Cuccinelli official photo.jpg
Cuccinelli Ken Cuccinelli [1]
(born 1968)
Acting
June 10, 2019November 18, 2019161 days Republican Trump, Donald Donald Trump  (R)
Mark Koumans official photo.jpg
Koumas, MarkMark Koumans
Acting
November 18, 2019February 20, 202094 days Independent Trump, Donald Donald Trump  (R)
Joseph Edlow USCIS Acting Director.jpg
Edlow, JosephJoseph Edlow
Acting
February 20, 2020January 20, 2021335 days Independent Trump, Donald Donald Trump  (R)
Tracy Renaud USCIS Acting Director.jpg
Renaud, TraceyTracy Renaud
Acting
January 20, 2021August 3, 2021195 days Independent Biden, Joe Joe Biden  (D)
6
Ur M. Jaddou, USCIS Director.jpg
Mendoza, Ur Ur Mendoza Jaddou
(born 1974)
August 3, 2021January 20, 20253 years, 170 days Independent Biden, Joe Joe Biden  (D)
Jennifer B. Higgins.webp
Higgins, Jennifer B. Jennifer B. Higgins
Acting
January 20, 2025February 9, 202520 days?Trump, Donald Donald Trump  (R)
No image.png
Scott, KikaKika Scott
Acting
February 9, 2025present42 days?Trump, Donald Donald Trump  (R)

1 Ken Cuccinelli served from July 8 to December 31, 2019, as de facto Acting Director. His tenure as Acting Director was ruled unlawful. He remained Principal Deputy Director at USCIS for the remainder of his tenure.

Immigration courts and judges

The United States immigration courts, immigration judges, and the Board of Immigration Appeals, which hears appeals from them, are part of the Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) within the United States Department of Justice. (USCIS is part of the Department of Homeland Security.) [9]

Operations

Internet presence

USCIS's official website was redesigned in 2009 and unveiled on September 22, 2009. [10] The last major redesign before 2009 was in October 2006. The website now includes a virtual assistant, Emma, who answers questions in English and Spanish. [11]

Inquiry and issue resolution

USCIS's website contains self-service tools, including a case status checker and address change request form.

Applicants, petitioners, and their authorized representatives can also submit case inquiries and service requests on USCIS's website. The inquiries and requests are routed to the relevant USCIS center or office to process.

Case inquiries may involve asking about a case that is outside of normal expected USCIS processing times for the form.

Inquiries and service requests may also concern not receiving a notice, card, or document by mail, correcting typographical errors, and requesting disability accommodations. [12]

If the self-service tools on USCIS's website cannot resolve an issue, the applicant, petitioner, or authorized representative can contact the USCIS Contact Center.

If the Contact Center cannot assist the inquirer directly, the issue will be forwarded to the relevant USCIS center or office for review. Some applicants and petitioners, primarily those outside of the U.S., may also schedule appointments on USCIS's website.

Funding

Unlike most other federal agencies, USCIS is funded almost entirely by user fees, most of it via the Immigration Examinations Fee Account (IEFA). [13]

The Immigration and Nationality Act authorizes USCIS to collect fees for its immigration case adjudication and naturalization services. [14]

In fiscal year 2020, USCIS had a budget of US$ 4.85 billion;

Staffing

USCIS consists of approximately 19,000 federal employees and contractors working at 223 offices around the world. [16]

Offices

A field USCIS office provides interviews for all non-asylum cases; naturalization ceremonies; appointments for information; and applicant services. [17]

USCIS Asylum offices schedule interviews only for asylum and suspension of deportation and special rule cancellation of removal under the Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA).

Asylum offices do not provide information services. Applications are not filed at asylum offices. [18]

International offices provide services to U.S. citizens, permanent U.S. residents, and certain other people who are visiting or residing outside the U.S. International offices are in the following cities [19]

CityCountry
Ankara Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey
Beijing Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Guangzhou
Havana Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba
San Salvador Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador
Guatemala City Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala
Tegucigalpa Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras
New Delhi Flag of India.svg  India
Nairobi Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya
Mexico City Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico

See also

Comparable international agencies

References

PD-icon.svg This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of Homeland Security .

  1. 1 2 "Budget-in-Brief: Fiscal Year 2022" (PDF). U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 12, 2022. Retrieved March 12, 2022.
  2. "Kika Scott, Acting Director, USCIS". USCIS. February 19, 2025. Retrieved March 9, 2025.
  3. "Our History". 24 August 2020.
  4. USCIS Announces New Agency Mission Statement-date=February 09, 2022, 9 February 2022
  5. Mission and Core Valuesaccess-date=February 09, 2022, 9 February 2022
  6. "Chapter 3 - Continuous Residence | USCIS". www.uscis.gov. 2021-05-25. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  7. "Chapter 3 - Spouses of U.S. Citizens Residing in the United States | USCIS". www.uscis.gov. 2020-01-09. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  8. Immigration and Naturalization Service
  9. "The Citizenship Surge". The New York Times. Nov 27, 2007. Retrieved April 16, 2017.
  10. "Secretary Napolitano and USCIS Director Mayorkas Launch Redesigned USCIS Website" (Press release). United States Department of Homeland Security. September 22, 2009. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  11. "Meet Emma, Our Virtual Assistant | USCIS". 13 April 2018.
  12. "E-Request".
  13. Khatri, Prakash (11 January 2007). "Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman's 2007 Annual Report" (PDF). United States Department of Homeland Security : 46–47. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  14. Federal User Fees: Additional Analyses and Timely Reviews Could Improve Immigration and Naturalization User Fee Design and USCIS Operations (PDF) (Report). United States Government Accountability Office. January 2009. p. 7. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  15. Department of Homeland Security United States Citizenship and Immigration Services Budget Overview: Fiscal Year 2021 Congressional Justification (PDF) (Report). United States Department of Homeland Security. February 12, 2020. p. 11. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 1, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  16. "About Us". 28 January 2020.
  17. Field Offices
  18. Asylum Office Locator
  19. "International Immigration Offices | USCIS". www.uscis.gov. 2024-12-10. Retrieved 2025-03-07.