20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party

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The 20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), formally the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was elected at the 1st plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the CCP on 23 October 2022 in the aftermath of the 20th National Congress. This electoral term was preceded by the 19th Politburo. Seven of the 24 members serve in the 20th Politburo Standing Committee.

Contents

The 20th CCP Politburo was noted as the first to include a former Minister of State Security [1] and the first Politburo with no women in 25 years. [2] All members are Han Chinese, the majority ethnic group in the country. [3] According to informal party convention, party leaders aged 68 or above are not eligible to remain in the Politburo [4] but the 20th reelected three members past that age.

Convocations

Disclosed convocations of the 20th Politburo
DateLengthTypeRef.
25 October 20221 dayOrdinary meeting [5]
25 October 20221 day1st Collective Study Session [6]
6 December 20221 dayOrdinary meeting [7]
27 December 20221 day Democratic life meeting [8]
31 January 20231 day2nd Collective Study Session [9]
21 February 20231 dayOrdinary meeting [10]
22 February 20231 day3rd Collective Study Session [11]
30 March 20231 dayOrdinary meeting [12]
30 March 20231 day4th Collective Study Session [13]
28 April 20231 dayOrdinary meeting [14]
29 May 20231 day5th Collective Study Session [15]
30 June 20231 dayOrdinary meeting [16]
30 June 20231 day6th Collective Study Session [17]
24 July 20231 dayOrdinary meeting [18]
24 July 20231 day7th Collective Study Session [19]
31 August 20231 dayOrdinary meeting [20]
27 September 20231 dayOrdinary meeting [21]
27 September 20231 day8th Collective Study Session [22]
27 October 20231 dayOrdinary meeting [23]
27 October 20231 day9th Collective Study Session [24]
27 November 20231 dayOrdinary meeting [25]
27 November 20231 day10th Collective Study Session [26]
8 December 20231 dayOrdinary meeting [27]
27 December 20231 day Democratic life meeting [28]
31 January 20241 dayOrdinary meeting [29]
31 January 20241 day11th Collective Study Session [30]
29 February 20241 dayOrdinary meeting [31]
1 March 20241 day12th Collective Study Session [32]
29 March 20241 dayOrdinary meeting [33]
30 April 20241 dayOrdinary meeting [34]
27 May 20241 dayOrdinary meeting [35]
28 May 20241 day14th Collective Study Session [36]
27 June 20241 dayOrdinary meeting [37]
28 June 20241 day15th Collective Study Session [38]
30 July 20241 dayOrdinary meeting [39]
31 July 20241 day16th Collective Study Session [40]
23 August 20241 dayOrdinary meeting [41]
26 September 20241 dayOrdinary meeting [42]
28 October 20241 dayOrdinary meeting [43]
28 October 20241 day17th Collective Study Session [44]
9 December 20241 dayOrdinary meeting [45]
9 December 20241 day18th Collective Study Session [46]
27 December 20241 day Democratic life meeting [47]

Composition

Members of the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
[48]
Officeholder Hanzi 19th POL PSC?BirthPMBirthplaceEducationNo. of officesRef.
Cai Qi Cai Qi 20221023.jpg Cai Qi 蔡奇OldNew19551975 Fujian Graduate
Three
 [49]
Chen Jining 2019.png Chen Jining 陈吉宁NewNo19641984 Liaoning Graduate
One
 [50]
Chen Miner.jpg Chen Min'er 陈敏尔OldNo19601982 Zhejiang Graduate
One
 [51]
Chen Wenqing (2024).jpg Chen Wenqing 陈文清NewNo19601983 Sichuan Graduate
One
 [52]
Ding Xie Xiang Ding Xuexiang 20221023.jpg Ding Xuexiang 丁薛祥OldNew19621984 Jiangsu Graduate
One
 [53]
He Lifeng 2023 (cropped).jpg He Lifeng 何立峰NewNo19551981 Guangdong Graduate
Two
 [54]
Profile placeholder.png He Weidong 何卫东NewNo19571978 Fujian Undergraduate
Two
 [55]
Huang Kunming.jpg Huang Kunming 黄坤明OldNo19561976 Fujian Graduate
One
 [56]
Li Ganjie.jpg Li Ganjie 李干杰NewNo19641984 Hunan Graduate
One
 [57]
Li Hongzhong.jpg Li Hongzhong 李鸿忠OldNo19561976 Shenyang Graduate
One
 [58]
Li Qiang Li Qiang 20221023.jpg Li Qiang 李强OldNew19591983 Zhejiang Graduate
Eight
 [59]
Li Shulei 李书磊NewNo19641986 Henan Graduate
One
 [60]
Li Xi Li Xi 20221023.jpg Li Xi 李希OldNew19561982 Gansu Graduate
Two
 [61]
Chinese Vice Premier Liu Guozhong.jpg Liu Guozhong 刘国中NewNo19621986 Heilongjiang Graduate
One
 [62]
Ma Xingrui at the 20th Conference on Remote Sensing in China (cropped).jpg Ma Xingrui 马兴瑞NewNo19591988 Heilongjiang Graduate
One
 [63]
Profile placeholder.png Shi Taifeng 石泰峰NewNo19561982 Shanxi Graduate
Two
 [64]
Wang Hu Zhu Wang Huning 20221023.jpg Wang Huning 王沪宁OldOld19551984 Shanghai Graduate
One
 [65]
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi in 2023.jpg Wang Yi 王毅NewNo19531981 Beijing Graduate
Two
 [66]
Xi Jin Ping Xi Jinping 20221023 02.jpg Xi Jinping 习近平OldOld19531974 Beijing Graduate
Eleven
 [67]
Yin Li Yin Li 2019.jpg Yin Li 尹力NewNo19621980 Shandong Graduate
One
 [68]
Yuan Jiajun.png Yuan Jiajun 袁家军NewNo19621992 Jilin Graduate
One
 [69]
Zhang Guoqing.jpg Zhang Guoqing 张国清NewNo19641984 Henan Graduate
One
 [70]
Zhang Youxia (2017-12-07) 3.jpg Zhang Youxia 张又侠OldNo19501969 Beijing Graduate
Two
 [71]
Zhao Le Ji Zhao Leji 20221023.jpg Zhao Leji 赵乐际OldOld19571975 Shandong Graduate
One
 [72]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany (October 25, 2022). "Xi's new inner circle emphasizes security and loyalty". Axios . Archived from the original on October 25, 2022. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
  2. ↑ Chen, Han (October 24, 2022). "No women named to China's powerful Politburo for first time in 25 years". Axios . Archived from the original on October 24, 2022. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
  3. ↑ 王建芬. "Brief introductions of members of CPC central leading bodies". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 2023-03-03. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
  4. ↑ Yu, Verna (17 October 2022). "Chinese Communist party congress: who's in and who's out of Xi Jinping's inner circle". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  5. ↑ Xu Jianwen (25 October 2022). "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting and Xi Jinping presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). Communist Party Membership Network. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  6. ↑ "Xi Jinping: Speech at the first collective study of the Politburo of the 20th Central Committee" [习近平:在二十届中央政治局第一次集体学习时的讲话] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 25 October 2022. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  7. ↑ Xu Jianwen (17 December 2022). "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting and Xi Jinping presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). Communist Party Membership Network. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  8. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting on democratic life Xi Jinping presided over the meeting and delivered an important speech" [中共中央政治局召开民主生活会 习近平主持会议并发表重要讲话] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 27 December 2022. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  9. ↑ "Xi Jinping presided over the second collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and delivered an important speech" [习近平主持中共中央政治局第三次集体学习并发表重要讲话] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 1 February 2023. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  10. ↑ Xu Jianwen (21 February 2023). "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting and decided to convene the Second plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, and Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 决定召开二十届二中全会 中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). Communist Party Membership Network. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  11. ↑ "Xi Jinping presided over the third collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and delivered an important speech" [习近平主持中共中央政治局第三次集体学习并发表重要讲话] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 22 February 2023. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  12. ↑ Xu Jianwen (30 March 2023). "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting and Xi Jinping presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). Communist Party Membership Network. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  13. ↑ Xu Jianwen (15 May 2023). "Xi Jinping: Speech at the fourth collective study of the Politburo of the 20th Central Committee" [习近平：在二十届中央政治局第四次集体学习时的讲话] (in Chinese). Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  14. ↑ Xu Jianwen (28 April 2023). "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to analyze and study the current economic situation and economic work Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 分析研究当前经济形势和经济工作 中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). Communist Party Membership Network. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  15. ↑ "Xi Jinping presided over the fifth collective study of the Politburo of the Central Committee and delivered an important speech" [习近平主持中央政治局第五次集体学习并发表重要讲话] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 29 May 2023. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  16. ↑ Xu Jianwen (30 June 2023). "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to review the "Opinions on Several Policies and Measures to Support the High-standard and High-Quality Construction of Xiong'an New Area" Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 审议《关于支持高标准高质量建设雄安新区若干政策措施的意见》 中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). Communist Party Membership Network. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  17. ↑ "At the sixth collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping stressed: Continuously deepen the understanding of the law of the party's theoretical innovation and achieve more fruitful theoretical innovation results in the new era and new journey" [习近平在中共中央政治局第六次集体学习时强调：不断深化对党的理论创新的规律性认识 在新时代新征程上取得更为丰硕的理论创新成果] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 30 June 2023. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  18. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to analyze and study the current economic situation and economic work Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 分析研究当前经济形势和经济工作 中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 24 July 2023. Archived from the original on 24 August 2023. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  19. ↑ "At the seventh collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping stressed: Comprehensively strengthen military governance and promote high-quality development of our military with high-level governance" [习近平在中共中央政治局第七次集体学习时强调 全面加强军事治理 以高水平治理推动我军高质量发展] (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 30 June 2023. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  20. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to review the "Regulations on Cadre Education and Training" and the "National Cadre Education and Training Plan (2023-2027)" Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 审议《干部教育培训工作条例》《全国干部教育培训规划（二〇二三—二〇二七年）》中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). People's Daily. 1 September 2023. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  21. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to review the "Comprehensive Report on the First Round of Inspections of the 20th CPC Central Committee" Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 审议《关于二十届中央第一轮巡视情况的综合报告》 中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 27 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  22. ↑ "At the eight collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping stressed: Actively participate in the reform of the World Trade Organization to improve the ability to control high-level opening up to the outside world" [习近平在中共中央政治局第八次集体学习时强调：积极参与世界贸易组织改革 提高驾驭高水平对外开放能力] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 27 September 2023. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  23. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to review the "Opinions on Several Policies and Measures to Further Promote the Comprehensive Revitalization of Northeast China in the New Era and Achieve New Breakthroughs" Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 审议《关于进一步推动新时代东北全面振兴取得新突破若干政策措施的意见》 中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 27 October 2023. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  24. ↑ "At the ninth collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping stressed: Build a strong sense of the Chinese nation's community and promote the high-quality development of the party's ethnic work in the new era" [习近平在中共中央政治局第九次集体学习时强调：铸牢中华民族共同体意识 推进新时代党的民族工作高质量发展] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 28 October 2023. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  25. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 27 November 2023. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  26. ↑ "At the tenth collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping stressed: Strengthening the construction of foreign-related legal systems to create favorable legal conditions and external environment" [习近平在中共中央政治局第十次集体学习时强调 加强涉外法制建设 营造有利法治条件和外部环境] (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 28 November 2023. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  27. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to analyze and study the 2024 economic work research, the deployment of party style and clean government construction and anti-corruption work, and to review the "Regulations on Disciplinary Punishments of the Communist Party of China" Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 分析研究2024年经济工作 研究部署党风廉政建设和反腐败工作 审议《中国共产党纪律处分条例》 中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 8 December 2023. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  28. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a special meeting on democratic life Xi Jinping presided over the meeting and delivered an important speech" [中共中央政治局召开专题民主生活会 习近平主持会议并发表重要讲话] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 22 December 2023. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  29. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 31 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  30. ↑ "At the eleventh collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping stressed: Accelerate the development of new productive forces and solidly promote high-quality development" [习近平在中共中央政治局第十一次集体学习时强调 加快发展新质生产力 扎实推进高质量发展] (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 1 February 2024. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  31. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to discuss the government work report. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 讨论政府工作报告 中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 29 February 2024. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  32. ↑ "At the twelfth collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping stressed: Vigorously promote the high-quality development of new energy in our country and make greater contributions to building a clean and beautiful world" [习近平在中共中央政治局第十二次集体学习时强调：大力推动我国新能源高质量发展 为共建清洁美丽世界作出更大贡献] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 1 March 2024. Archived from the original on 30 April 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  33. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to review the "Comprehensive Report on the Second Round of Inspections of the 20th CPC Central Committee". Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 审议《关于二十届中央第二轮巡视情况的综合报告》 中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 29 March 2024. Archived from the original on 30 April 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  34. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 30 April 2024. Archived from the original on 30 April 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  35. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to review the "Several Policy Measures to Promote the Accelerated Rise of the Central Region in the New Era" and the "Regulations on Accountability for Preventing and Resolving Financial Risks (Trial Implementation)". Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 审议《新时代推动中部地区加快崛起的若干政策措施》《防范化解金融风险问责规定（试行）》 中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 27 May 2024. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
  36. ↑ "At the twelfth collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping stressed: Promote high-quality full employment and continuously enhance the sense of gain, happiness and security of the vast majority of workers" [习近平在中共中央政治局第十四次集体学习时强调：促进高质量充分就业 不断增强广大劳动者的获得感幸福感安全感] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 28 May 2024. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  37. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to review the "Several Policy Measures to discuss the documents to be submitted to the Third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee for deliberation. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 讨论拟提请二十届三中全会审议的文件 中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 27 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  38. ↑ "At the fifteenth collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping stressed: Implement the general requirements of party building in the new era and further improve the system of comprehensive and strict party governance" [习近平在中共中央政治局第十五次集体学习时强调：贯彻落实新时代党的建设总要求 进一步健全全面从严治党体系] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 28 June 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  39. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to analyze and study the current economic situation and economic work and to review the "Regulations on Rectifying Formalism to Reduce Burdens on Grassroots Units". Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 分析研究当前经济形势和经济工作 审议《整治形式主义为基层减负若干规定》 中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  40. ↑ "At the sixteenth collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping stressed: Strengthen mission responsibility, innovate ideas and measures, and work hard to implement the work and strive to build a strong and stable modern border, sea and air defense" [习近平在中共中央政治局第十六次集体学习时强调：强化使命担当 创新思路举措 狠抓工作落实 努力建设强大稳固的现代边海空防] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 31 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  41. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to review the "Several Policy Measures to Further Promote the New Pattern of Western Development". Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 审议《进一步推动西部大开发形成新格局的若干政策措施》 中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 23 August 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  42. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to analyze and study the current economic situation and economic work. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 分析研究当前经济形势和经济工作 中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 26 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  43. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to review the "Comprehensive Report on the Third Round of Inspections of the 20th Central Committee". Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 审议《关于二十届中央第三轮巡视情况的综合报告》 中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 28 October 2024. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  44. ↑ "At the seventeenth collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping stressed: Anchor the strategic goal of building a cultural power and continuously develop socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the new era" [习近平在中共中央政治局第十七次集体学习时强调：锚定建成文化强国战略目标 不断发展新时代中国特色社会主义文化] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 28 October 2024. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  45. ↑ "The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to analyze and study the economic work in 2025 and to study and deploy the work of building a clean and honest Party style and combating corruption. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议 分析研究2025年经济工作 研究部署党风廉政建设和反腐败工作 中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 9 December 2024. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
  46. ↑ "At the eighteenth collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping stressed: We must thoroughly carry out all aspects of border governance and promote high-quality development in border areas" [习近平在中共中央政治局第十八次集体学习时强调：深入做好边疆治理各项工作 推动边疆地区高质量发展] (in Chinese). State Council of the People's Republic of China. 10 December 2024. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
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