18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party

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18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.jpg
Date8–14 November 2012 (8 days)
Location Great Hall of the People, Beijing, China
Participants2,268 delegates
OutcomeElection of the 18th Central Committee and 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
Website www.xinhuanet.com/english/special/18cpcnc/topnews.htm

The 18th Politburo was also named at the Congress. Within the 17th Politburo, eleven members were born after 1945. Of these, seven were named to the Standing Committee (see above); and the remaining three, Liu Yandong, Li Yuanchao, and Wang Yang, retained their Politburo seats. Bo Xilai was suspended from the Politburo prior to the Congress. All 14 members of the 17th Politburo born prior to 1945 relinquished their Politburo membership due to having reached the mandatory retirement age of 68 at the time of the Congress. Conversely, this also meant that all members of the 17th Politburo born after 1945 (except Bo Xilai) maintained their Politburo membership.

Since the majority of members of the 17th Politburo retired at the Congress, some fifteen seats on the 18th Politburo were to be filled by newcomers. Notable additions to the Politburo included Wang Huning, who became the first head of the party's Central Policy Research Office to hold a seat on the Politburo; Li Zhanshu, former Guizhou party chief who took over as head of the party's General Office; Meng Jianzhu, former Minister of Public Security who took on the portfolio of the Central Legal and Political Affairs Commission; and Hu Chunhua and Sun Zhengcai, two officials born after 1960 who took on major regional party leadership posts in Guangdong and Chongqing, respectively, following the Congress.

By convention, the members are listed in stroke order of surnames.

Leaving the Politburo

The Secretariat

The Secretariat, mainly overseeing party affairs and acting as the day-to-day executive arm of the Central Committee, was led by PSC member Liu Yunshan, who also held the post of President of the Central Party School. Liu Qibao, Zhao Leji, and Li Zhanshu earned seats on the Secretariat, as was anticipated for the heads of the Propaganda, Organization, and General Office. Zhao Hongzhu succeeded He Yong's place on the secretariat as the top-ranked Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. Departing from the previous composition of the body, Du Qinglin, outgoing United Front Department chief, who held no other post at the time (he was later elected a ceremonial vice-chair of the CPPCC in March 2013), was elevated to the Secretariat. Similarly, Yang Jing, ethnic Mongol and former Chairman of Inner Mongolia, who would go on to be named Secretary-General of the State Council, 'broke convention' and earned a seat on the Secretariat, signalling that the top government organ, the State Council, will work in closer coordination with the Party.[ citation needed ]

Ministerial positions

Other issues

The 18th Party Congress made ecological civilization one of the country's five national development goals. [10] : 173  It emphasized a rural development approach of "Ecology, Productivity, Livability." [10] : 173 

The 18th National Congress introduced the core socialist values campaign. [11] The campaign promotes four national goals (prosperity, democracy, civility, and harmony), four social goals (freedom, equality, justice, and the rule of law), and four individual values (patriotism, dedication, integrity, and friendship). [12] : 204 

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ This is a rough formulation of the main areas of focus for each member; some of these portfolios are institutionalized in the form of central leading groups, i.e. ah hoc policy coordination bodies led by each member, others are informal.

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References

  1. ↑ "Hu Jintao opens China party congress as leadership change begins". BBC News . 8 November 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
  2. ↑ China seals Bo's fate ahead of November 8 leadership congress. Reuters (28 September 2012). Retrieved on 24 October 2012.
  3. ↑ CPC to convene 12th National Congress on Nov. 8 – Xinhua | English.news.cn. News.xinhuanet.com (28 September 2012). Retrieved on 24 October 2012.
  4. ↑ "Meet the New Politburo Standing Committee". Americanprogress.org.
  5. ↑ Cheng Li. Preparing For the 18th Party Congress: Procedures and Mechanisms Archived 2019-05-22 at the Wayback Machine . hoover.org
  6. ↑ Alice Miller. The Road to the 18th Party Congress Archived 2019-05-21 at the Wayback Machine . hoover.org
  7. 1 2 "十八大对党章作了哪些修改？". November 28, 2012. Archived from the original on August 25, 2018. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  8. 1 2 "Xi Jinping's rise and political implications". China: An International Journal. 7 (1). March 2009., full text on thefreelibrary.com
  9. 1 2 Willy Lam, Finalizing the 18th Party Congress: Setting the Stage for Reform?, China Brief, Volume 12 Issue 18 (21 September 2012).
  10. 1 2 Abramson, Daniel Benjamin (2020). "Eco-Developmentalism in China's Chengdu Plain". In Esarey, Ashley; Haddad, Mary Alice; Lewis, Joanna I.; Harrell, Stevan (eds.). Greening East Asia: The Rise of the Eco-Developmental State. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN   978-0-295-74791-0. JSTOR   j.ctv19rs1b2.
  11. ↑ "How Much Should We Read Into China's New "Core Socialist Values"?". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
  12. ↑ Santos, Gonçalo (2021). Chinese Village Life Today: Building Families in an Age of Transition. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN   978-0-295-74738-5.
18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
Simplified Chinese 中国共产党 第 十八 次 全国 代表 大会
Traditional Chinese 中國共產黨第十八次全國代表大會
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