Li Peng was a Chinese politician who served as the fourth Premier of the People's Republic of China from 1987 to 1998,and as the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress,China's top legislative body,from 1998 to 2003. For much of the 1990s Li was ranked second in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) hierarchy behind then Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin. He retained his seat on the CCP Politburo Standing Committee until his retirement in 2002.
The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC),officially the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Historically it has been composed of five to eleven members,and currently has seven members. Its officially mandated purpose is to conduct policy discussions and make decisions on major issues when the Politburo,a larger decision-making body,is not in session. According to the party's constitution,the General Secretary of the Central Committee must also be a member of the Politburo Standing Committee.
Zhao Ziyang was a Chinese politician. He was the third premier of the People's Republic of China from 1980 to 1987,vice chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1981 to 1982,and CCP general secretary from 1987 to 1989. He was in charge of the political reforms in China from 1986,but lost power in connection with the reformative neoauthoritarianism current and his support of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests.
The Eight Great Eminent Officials,abbreviated as the Eight Elders,were a group of elderly members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) who held substantial power in the last two decades of the 20th century. In the English-speaking world,these men are often called The Eight Immortals as an allusion to the Taoist deities commonly known as the Eight Immortals.
The Princelings,also translated as the Party's Crown Princes,are the descendants of prominent and influential senior communist officials in the People's Republic of China. It is an informal,and often derogatory,categorization to signify those believed to be benefiting from nepotism and cronyism,by analogy with crown princes in hereditary monarchies. Many of its members hold high-level political and business positions in the upper echelons of power.
The orders of precedence in China is the ranking of political leaders in China for the purposes of event protocol and to arrange the ordering of names in official news bulletins,both written and televised. It is also sometimes used to assess perceived level of political power. Although there is no formally published ranking,there is usually an established convention and protocol,and the relative positions of Chinese political figures can usually be deduced from the order in meetings and especially by the time and order in which figures are covered by the official media. Since 1982,the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party has been the highest ranking official in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
Yang Shangkun was a Chinese Communist military and political leader,president of the People's Republic of China from 1988 to 1993,and one of the Eight Elders that dominated the party after the death of Mao Zedong.
Chen Yun was a Chinese revolutionary leader who was one of the most influential leaders of the People's Republic of China during the 1980s and 1990s and one of the major architects and important policy makers for the reform and opening up period,alongside Deng Xiaoping. He was also known as Liao Chenyun (廖陈云),as he took his uncle's family name when he was adopted by him after his parents died.
Paramount leader is an informal term for the most important political figure in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The paramount leader typically controls the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Liberation Army (PLA),often holding the titles of CCP General Secretary and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC). The state representative (president) or head of government (premier) are not necessarily paramount leader—under China's party-state system,CCP roles are politically more important than state titles.
Generations of Chinese leadership is a term historians use to characterize distinct periods of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and,by extension,successive changes in the ideology of the CCP. Historians have studied various periods in the development of the government of the People's Republic of China by reference to these "generations".
Li Xiannian was a Chinese Communist military and political leader,president of the People's Republic of China from 1983 to 1988 under paramount leader Deng Xiaoping and then chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 1988 until his death. He was a full member of the Politburo from 1956 to 1987,and of its Standing Committee from 1977 to 1987.
Wan Li was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and politician. During a long administrative career in the People's Republic of China,he served successively as Vice Premier,Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC),and a member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Secretariat and its Politburo. Wan joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1936 and led revolutionary and wartime resistance activities in his native Shandong province. After the founding of the communist state in 1949,Wan served in a series of government ministries,then worked as a member of the municipal leadership in Beijing. He was purged during the Cultural Revolution,but was eventually rehabilitated and returned to work as party chief of Anhui province,where he led the implementation of successful agrarian reforms centered on the household-responsibility system. In the 1980s,Wan became one of the leading moderate reformers in China's top leadership,advocating for constitutional reforms,the strengthening of legislative institutions,and the abolition of 'lifelong-terms' of top political leaders. He was named head of the national legislature in 1988. He retired in 1993.
Hu Qili is a former high-ranking politician of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He was the first-ranked secretary of the CCP Secretariat from 1985 to 1989 and a member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee from 1987 to 1989. In 1989,he was purged for his sympathy toward the students of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and his support for General Secretary Zhao Ziyang. However,he was able to get back into politics in 1991. In 2001,he was named chairman of the Soong Ching-ling Foundation.
The 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1987 to 1992. It held seven plenary sessions. It was preceded by the 12th Central Committee and succeeded by the 14th Central Committee. It elected the 13th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party in 1987.
The 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from September 1982 to November 1987. It held seven plenary sessions. It was succeeded by the 13th Central Committee. It elected the 12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party in 1982.
Events in the year 1989 in the People's Republic of China.
Deng Liqun was a Chinese politician and theorist who was one of the leading figures of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the 1980s,most well known for his involvement with the party's propaganda work. Deng was born in Guidong County,Hunan province,and joined the CCP in 1936. He came from an intellectual family and joined the party out of intellectual commitment. He was often referred to as "Little Deng",to be distinguished from Deng Xiaoping,the "Old Deng".
The president of the People's Republic of China,commonly called the president of China,is the state representative of the People's Republic of China. The presidency is a part of the system of people's congress based on the principle of unified power in which the National People's Congress (NPC) functions as the only branch of government and as the highest state organ of power. The presidency is a state organ of the NPC and equivalent to,for instance,the State Council and the National Supervisory Commission,rather than a political office,unlike the premier of the State Council. The president can engage in state affairs and receive foreign diplomatic envoys on behalf of China,but to perform other head of state functions,the president needs the consent of the NPC or the NPC Standing Committee. While the presidency is not a powerful organ in itself,since 27 March 1993,the president has concurrently served as general secretary of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and chairman of the Central Military Commission,making the incumbent China's paramount leader and supreme commander of the armed forces.
The 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre were a turning point for many Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials,who were subjected to a purge that started after June 4,1989. The purge covered top-level government figures down to local officials,and included CCP General Secretary Zhao Ziyang and his associates. The purge took the form of a massive ideological campaign that lasted 18 months. At least 4 million Communist Party members were under some sort of investigation. The government stated that the purge was undertaken for the purpose of “resolutely getting rid of hostile elements,antiparty elements,and corrupt elements" as well as "dealing strictly with those inside the party serious tendencies toward bourgeois liberalization”and purify the party.
Anti-bourgeois liberalization as a political slogan of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP),it was proposed by Deng Xiaoping and others in the early 1980s. As a political movement against "bourgeois liberalization",it started at the CCP Congress held in Beijing in September 1986. The Sixth Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee of the CCP was officially launched in early 1987.
