19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party

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19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg
The flag of the Chinese Communist Party
Date18–24 October 2017 (6 days)
Location Great Hall of the People, Beijing, China
Participants2,280 delegates
OutcomeElection of the 19th Central Committee and 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
Website 19th.cpcnews.cn OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg

According to convention, Politburo members entering the body in 2017 must be born after 1950. Three members of the outgoing Politburo, Liu Qibao, Zhang Chunxian, and Li Yuanchao, were not elected to the incoming Politburo even though they met the relevant age requirements. Liu and Zhang continued to hold seats in the Central Committee and were eventually given ceremonial positions with the CPPCC and NPC, respectively. Li Yuanchao did not secure a seat on the Central Committee and retired from politics altogether. All members of the 18th Politburo born prior to 1950 retired without exception. Hu Chunhua, Xu Qiliang and Sun Chunlan returned to the Politburo for a second term, while Cai Qi, who was not even part of the outgoing Central Committee, vaulted directly into the Politburo. Taking into account Standing Committee members who were all promoted from the Politburo level, the changes represented a 60% turnover of membership between the 18th and 19th Politburo. Out of a total of fifteen 'open' seats, at least ten of the individuals promoted to fill them were close associates of Xi. [24]

The full list of Politburo members (excluding Standing Committee) was: [25]

Secretariat

The day-to-day executive organ of the Politburo, the Secretariat, also saw significant turnover; the Politburo members in charge of the propaganda and organization departments, and the General Office chief typically held a seat on the Secretariat. The likely areas of purview for each secretary are listed along with their names. [26] All members of the 19th Secretariat are also concurrently members of the Politburo, with the sole exception of You Quan.

Central Committee

The Central Committee, composed of 204 members, was elected on 24 October 2017. Like previous congresses, the "more candidates than seats" elections method was used. 8% of candidates were rejected by delegate vote - the same ratio from the 18th National Congress in 2012. [27] Since 2007 the higher ranks of the party apparatus has seen its median age increase while retaining retirement limits. The 19th Central Committee showed a continuation of this trend; Lu Hao (born 1967), the youngest full member of the previous CC, remained its youngest member. 78 members of the 18th CC were named to the 19th CC, while 32 alternate members of the 18th CC were elected to full membership of the 19th CC. [28]

Policy changes

Party Constitution amendments

The Congress ratified changes to the Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party, including the incorporation of Xi Jinping Thought. [29] Xi thus became the first leader since Deng Xiaoping to append his name into party ideology; the change also led to many international media outlets calling Xi the "most powerful leader since Mao." [30] The Belt and Road Initiative was also added to the party constitution. [31] :58 The terms Four Confidences, Chinese Dream, new concept for development, Four Comprehensives, Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Military, Community of Common Destiny, Four Consciousnesses and the Party leads everything were also added to the Party constitution. [32]

Economy

The 19th National Congress re-affirmed the goal of transitioning solely state-owned enterprises towards mixed (both state and private) ownership. [33] :120

The report of the 19th Congress described the primary contradiction of China's conditions as "the contradiction between the people's ever-growing need for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development." [34] :267–268 In this context, "unbalanced" refers to rural-urban inequalities, regional inequalities, inequalities between the rich and poor, and structural imbalances in the economy. [34] :268 "Inadequate" refers to household income share. [34] :268

See also

Notes

  1. The Report of the 18th Central Committee was given the title "Secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and strive for the great success of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era". [8]

References

Citations

  1. Joshi, Manoj (12 October 2017). "CPC's 19th Congress begins next week". Observer Research Foundation. Archived from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Miller 2017, p. 52.
  3. "CPC Central Committee with Xi as "core" leads China to centenary goals". Xinhua News Agency. 27 October 2017. Archived from the original on 10 November 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Opening ceremony of the 19th CPC National Congress". live.china.org. 17 October 2017. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  5. "CPC Central Committee plenum makes full preparation for key congress". China Daily . 15 October 2017. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  6. "CPC discipline watchdog holds key plenum, approves work report". Xinhua News Agency. 9 October 2017. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  7. 1 2 "Opinions of over 4,700 people solicited on draft report to CPC congress: spokesperson". Xinhua News Agency. 17 October 2017. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  8. "CPC opens 19th national congress as China enters "new era"". Xinhua News Agency. 18 October 2017. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  9. 1 2 3 4 "Agenda set for 19th CPC National Congress". Xinhua News Agency. 17 October 2017. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "How 19th CPC National Congress delegates are elected". china.org. 3 October 2017. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  11. "China begins selecting delegates for Communist Party Congress". South China Morning Post . 10 November 2016. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  12. "All delegates to 19th CPC national congress elected". China Daily . 29 September 2017. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  13. 1 2 "China Focus: How are 19th CPC National Congress delegates elected?". Xinhua News Agency. 2 October 2017. Archived from the original on 10 November 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  14. "Inside China's party congress: what's coming up at leaders' huddle in Beijing". South China Morning Post . 17 October 2017. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Roach, Stephen (2022). Accidental Conflict: America, China, and the Clash of False Narratives. Yale University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv2z0vv2v. ISBN   978-0-300-26901-7. JSTOR   j.ctv2z0vv2v. S2CID   252800309.
  16. 1 2 Zhang, Angela Huyue (2024). High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197682258.001.0001. ISBN   9780197682258.
  17. Zhang, Chuchu (2025). China's Changing Role in the Middle East: Filling a Power Vacuum?. Changing Dynamics in Asia-Middle East Relations series. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge. ISBN   978-1-032-76275-3.
  18. Sozialwissenschaften, GESIS Leibniz Institut für. "Jash, Amrita - The 'Xi' Factor in Driving China's 19th Party Congress | IndraStra Global - Sowiport". Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  19. "Man tipped as China's future president ousted as Xi Jinping wields 'iron discipline'". TheGuardian.com . 25 July 2017. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
  20. "五中全会搅动政局:李克强两种可能 李源潮变数多(图)". Duowei via Wenxuecity. 18 October 2015. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
  21. Suzhi (19 July 2016). "十九大王岐山不会留任 已安排三个班底人选". Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
  22. "中共十九大政治局委员预测". 27 March 2016. Archived from the original on 22 September 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
  23. "China's new leadership line-up revealed in full for first time with seasoned duo tipped to take key jobs". South China Morning Post. 22 October 2017. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  24. Fewsmith, Joseph. "The 19th Party Congress: Ringing in Xi Jinping's New Age" (PDF). China Leadership Monitor. 55. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  25. "十九届中央政治局委员、书记处书记名单及简历". Caixin. 25 October 2017. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  26. "中央书记处人事盘点 闽浙背景深厚". Duowei. 25 October 2017. Archived from the original on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  27. "十九届"两委"预选采用差额选举 24日上午正式选举". Netease. 24 October 2017. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  28. "中国共产党第十九届中央委员会委员名单". Caixin. 24 October 2017. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  29. "Xi presents new CPC central leadership, roadmap for next 5 years". Xinhua . 24 October 2017. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  30. Phillips, Tom (24 October 2017). "Xi Jinping becomes most powerful leader since Mao with China's change to constitution". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  31. Shinn, David H.; Eisenman, Joshua (2023). China's Relations with Africa: a New Era of Strategic Engagement. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN   978-0-231-21001-0.
  32. "重磅!"党领导一切"政治原则写入党章_新闻_腾讯网". news.qq.com (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  33. Li, David Daokui (2024). China's World View: Demystifying China to Prevent Global Conflict. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN   978-0393292398.
  34. 1 2 3 Lan, Xiaohuan (2024). How China Works: An Introduction to China's State-led Economic Development. Translated by Topp, Gary. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-981-97-0080-6. ISBN   978-981-97-0079-0.

Sources

General references

Plenary sessions, apparatus heads, ethnicity, the Central Committee member- and alternate membership, Politburo membership, Secretariat membership, Central Military Commission members, Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection membership, Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, offices an individual held, retirement, if the individual in question is military personnel, female, has been expelled, is currently under investigation or has retired:

19th National Congress resolutions

The following is a list of all resolutions and report produced by the 19th National Congress that were made available to the public.

Articles and journals
19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
Simplified Chinese 中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会
Traditional Chinese 中國共產黨第十九次全國代表大會
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Dìshíjiǔcì Quánguó Dàibiǎo Dàhuì