Chen Duxiu was a Chinese revolutionary socialist,educator,philosopher and author,who co-founded the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) with Li Dazhao in 1921. From 1921 to 1927,he served as the Communist Party's first general secretary. Chen was a leading figure in both the Xinhai Revolution that overthrew the Qing dynasty and the May Fourth Movement for scientific and democratic developments in the early Republic of China. After his expulsion from the CCP in 1929,Chen was for a time the leader of China's Trotskyist movement.
Qu Qiubai was a Chinese writer,poet,translator,and a political activist. In the late 1920s and early 1930s he was the de facto leader of the Chinese Communist Party. In 1935,he was arrested and executed by the Republic of China Government led by the Kuomintang in Changting,Fujian.
The Provisional Municipal Government of the Special City of Shanghai,also known as the Shanghai Civil Government or Shanghai Commune,was a provisional administration that briefly governed the city of Shanghai during the Northern Expedition. Established by people's committees with the assistance of Chen Duxiu,Zhou Enlai,and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP),the commune briefly administered the city of Shanghai before its forceful dissolution by order of Chiang Kai-shek. The dissolution of the Shanghai Commune would lead to the 1927 Shanghai massacre,and the onset of the Chinese Civil War.
Xiang Zhongfa was a Chinese socialist who was one of the early senior leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
The Shanghai massacre of 12 April 1927,the April 12 Purge or the April 12 Incident as it is commonly known in China,was the violent suppression of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organizations and leftist elements in Shanghai by forces supporting General Chiang Kai-shek and conservative factions in the Kuomintang. Following the incident,conservative KMT elements carried out a full-scale purge of communists in all areas under their control,and violent suppression occurred in Guangzhou and Changsha. The purge led to an open split between left-wing and right-wing factions in the KMT,with Chiang Kai-shek establishing himself as the leader of the right-wing faction based in Nanjing,in opposition to the original left-wing KMT government based in Wuhan,which was led by Wang Jingwei. By 15 July 1927,the Wuhan regime had expelled the Communists in its ranks,effectively一ending the First United Front,a working alliance of both the KMT and CCP under the tutelage of Comintern agents. For the rest of 1927,the CCP would fight to regain power,beginning the Autumn Harvest Uprising. With the failure and the crushing of the Guangzhou Uprising at Guangzhou however,the power of the Communists was largely diminished,unable to launch another major urban offensive.
In the history of political parties in China,the first major party in China was the Kuomintang (KMT),which moved to Taiwan in 1949. It was founded in the Republic of Hawaii on November 24,1894,before being reorganized at Guangdong Province on August 25,1912,from a union of several revolutionary groups. The Republic of China was founded by Kuomintang's leader Sun Yat-sen later that year. In 1921,the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was founded by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao in Shanghai as a study society,and an informal political network.
The 4th Central Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP),formally the Central Bureau of the 4th Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China,was elected at the 1st Plenary Session of the 4th Central Executive Committee of the CCP on 22 January 1925 in the aftermath of the 4th National Congress. This electoral term was preceded by the 3rd Central Bureau and succeeded by the 5th Politburo.
The 6th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1928 to 1945,during most of the Chinese Civil War,and during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It held seven plenary sessions in this period. It was formally preceded by the 5th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. It was the first central committee to have Mao Zedong as a high-ranking member. It was succeeded by the 7th Central Committee.
The 5th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1927 to 1928. It was set into motion by the 5th National Congress. It was followed by the 6th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
The 4th Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1925 to 1927,and was the last central committee to have the term 'executive' in its title. It was set into motion by the 4th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. This would be followed by the 5th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
The history of the Chinese Communist Party began with its establishment in July 1921. A study group led by Peking University professors Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao to discuss Marxism,led to intellectuals officially founding the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in July 1921. In 1923,Sun Yat-sen invited the CCP to form a United Front,and to join his Nationalist Party (GMD) in Canton for training under representatives of the Communist International,the Soviet Union's international organization. The Soviet representatives reorganized both parties into Leninist parties. Rather than the loose organization that characterized the two parties until then,the Leninist party operated on the principle of democratic centralism,in which the collective leadership set standards for membership and an all powerful Central Committee determined the party line,which all members must follow.
Ren Bishi was a military and political leader in the early Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
Xiang Jingyu,was one of the earliest female members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP),widely regarded as a pioneer of the women's movement of China.
Zhang Shenfu,born Zhang Songnian (张崧年),courtesy name Shenfu (申甫),was a founder of the Chinese Communist Party,a philosopher,and a political activist. Zhang was born on June 15,1893,in Xiaoduo village,Zhili. His father,Zhang Liangong,was a senior official. In 1912,Zhang enrolled at Middle School Affiliated to Senior Normal School (高等师范学堂附属中学班) in Beiping. He later enrolled at Peking University to study philosophy and math in 1914. After graduating,Zhang started to lecture at Peking University,as well as assisting the work of university librarian Li Dazhao. When the Chinese Communist Party was founded by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao in the French concession of Shanghai in 1921 as a study society and informal network,Zhang organized the counterpart group in France and then introduced his fiancée Liu Qingyang and friend Zhou Enlai to CCP. In 1925,due to disagreements with other representatives at the fourth congress,Zhang quit the party. After CCP won the Chinese Civil War,Zhang was employed as a researcher at the National Library with Zhou Enlai's permission. Due to his political stance,Zhang was labeled as right-wing in 1957 during the Anti-Rightist Campaign. After Mao's death and the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee,he was rehabilitated. He died in 1986 at 93 years old.
The Chinese Communist Revolution was a social and political revolution that culminated in the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. For the preceding century,China had faced escalating social,economic,and political problems as a result of Western imperialism,Japanese imperialism,and the decline of the Qing dynasty. Cyclical famines and an oppressive landlord system kept the large mass of rural peasantry poor and politically disenfranchised. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was formed in 1921 by young urban intellectuals inspired by European socialist ideas and the success of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. The CCP originally allied itself with the nationalist Kuomintang party against the warlords and foreign imperialist forces,but the Shanghai Massacre of Communists ordered by Kuomintang (KMT) leader Chiang Kai-shek in 1927 forced them into the Chinese Civil War spanning more than two decades.
Deng Zhongxia was an early member of the Chinese Communist Party and an important Marxist intellectual and labor movement leader. Having led many strikes and uprisings against Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang government,he became one of the most wanted CCP members by the Kuomintang. He was captured and executed in 1933.
The 1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in Shanghai and Jiaxing between July 23 and August 2,1921. The Congress established the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The congress began in a shikumen building of the French Concession area of Shanghai. In early June 1921,Dutch national Henk Sneevliet,also known as Ma Lin,a representative of Comintern,arrived in Shanghai,and urged various Communist cells in the country to get together for a national-level meeting. Russian Comintern representative Nikolski also attended the meeting. At the time,there were 57 members of the CCP. Notably,the two founders of the party did not attend the congress:Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao.
The Wuhan Nationalist government,also known as the Wuhan government,Wuhan regime,or Hankow government,was a government dominated by the left-wing of the Nationalist or Kuomintang (KMT) Party of China that was based in Wuhan from 5 December 1926 to 21 September 1927,led first by Eugene Chen,and later by Wang Jingwei.
The 3rd National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in Guangzhou at 31 Xuguyuan Road between June 12 and June 20,1923. It succeeded the 2nd National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and preceded the 4th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. The congress was attended by 40 representatives across China and Moscow representing 420 party members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
