Chen Duxiu was a Chinese revolutionary socialist,educator,philosopher and author,who co-founded the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) with Li Dazhao in 1921. From 1921 to 1927,he served as the Communist Party's first general secretary. Chen was a leading figure in both the Xinhai Revolution that overthrew the Qing dynasty and the May Fourth Movement for scientific and democratic developments in the early Republic of China. After his expulsion from the CCP in 1929,Chen was for a time the leader of China's Trotskyist movement.
The Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was the leader of the Chinese Communist Party. The position was established at the 8th National Congress in 1945 and abolished at the 12th National Congress in 1982,being replaced by the general secretary. Offices with the name Chairman of the Central Executive Committee and Chairman of the Central Committee existed in 1922–1923 and 1928–1931,respectively.
Li Lisan was a Chinese politician,member of the Politburo,and later a member of the Central Committee.
The Provisional Municipal Government of the Special City of Shanghai,also known as the Shanghai Civil Government or Shanghai Commune,was a provisional administration that briefly governed the city of Shanghai during the Northern Expedition. Established by people's committees with the assistance of Chen Duxiu,Zhou Enlai,and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP),the commune briefly administered the city of Shanghai before its forceful dissolution by order of Chiang Kai-shek. The dissolution of the Shanghai Commune would lead to the 1927 Shanghai massacre,and the onset of the Chinese Civil War.
The Shanghai massacre of 12 April 1927,the April 12 Purge or the April 12 Incident as it is commonly known in China,was the violent suppression of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organizations and leftist elements in Shanghai by forces supporting General Chiang Kai-shek and conservative factions in the Kuomintang. Following the incident,conservative KMT elements carried out a full-scale purge of communists in all areas under their control,and violent suppression occurred in Guangzhou and Changsha. The purge led to an open split between left-wing and right-wing factions in the KMT,with Chiang Kai-shek establishing himself as the leader of the right-wing faction based in Nanjing,in opposition to the original left-wing KMT government based in Wuhan,which was led by Wang Jingwei. By 15 July 1927,the Wuhan regime had expelled the Communists in its ranks,effectively ending the First United Front,a working alliance of both the KMT and CCP under the tutelage of Comintern agents. For the rest of 1927,the CCP would fight to regain power,beginning the Autumn Harvest Uprising. With the failure and the crushing of the Guangzhou Uprising at Guangzhou however,the power of the Communists was largely diminished,unable to launch another major urban offensive.
The 5th Politburo,formally the Political Bureau of the 5th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,was elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 5th Central Committee in 1927,in the aftermath of the 5th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). This electoral term was preceded by the 4th Central Bureau and succeeded by the 6th Politburo in 1928.
The 4th Central Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP),formally the Central Bureau of the 4th Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China,was elected at the 1st Plenary Session of the 4th Central Executive Committee of the CCP on 22 January 1925 in the aftermath of the 4th National Congress. This electoral term was preceded by the 3rd Central Bureau and succeeded by the 5th Politburo.
The 3rd Central Leading Organisation of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP),formally the Central Leading Organisation of the 3rd Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China,was elected by the 3rd Central Executive Committee (CEC) of the CCP in the aftermath of the 3rd National Congress. The term "Central Leading Organisation" encompasses all executive and work organs elected by the Central Executive Committee,and in this instance,means the Central Bureau and the Politburo elected by the 3rd CEC. This electoral term was succeeded by the 4th Central Bureau in 1925,in which the Politburo was discontinued.
The 6th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1928 to 1945,during most of the Chinese Civil War,and during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It held seven plenary sessions in this period. It was formally preceded by the 5th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. It was the first central committee to have Mao Zedong as a high-ranking member. It was succeeded by the 7th Central Committee.
The 5th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1927 to 1928. It was set into motion by the 5th National Congress. It was followed by the 6th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
The 4th Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1925 to 1927,and was the last central committee to have the term 'executive' in its title. It was set into motion by the 4th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. This would be followed by the 5th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
The 3rd Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1923 to 1925,while China was a republic. The 2nd Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party preceded it. The 4th Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party followed.
The history of the Chinese Communist Party began with its establishment in July 1921. A study group led by Peking University professors Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao to discuss Marxism,led to intellectuals officially founding the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in July 1921. In 1923,Sun Yat-sen invited the CCP to form a United Front,and to join his nationalist party,the Kuomintang (KMT),in Canton for training under representatives of the Communist International,the Soviet Union's international organization. The Soviet representatives reorganized both parties into Leninist parties. Rather than the loose organization that characterized the two parties until then,the Leninist party operated on the principle of democratic centralism,in which the collective leadership set standards for membership and an all-powerful Central Committee determined the party line,which all members must follow.
Ren Bishi was a military and political leader in the early Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
The 1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in Shanghai and Jiaxing between July 23 and August 2,1921. The Congress established the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The congress began in a shikumen building of the French Concession area of Shanghai. In early June 1921,Dutch national Henk Sneevliet,also known as Ma Lin,a representative of Comintern,arrived in Shanghai,and urged various Communist cells in the country to get together for a national-level meeting. Russian Comintern representative Nikolski also attended the meeting. At the time,there were 57 members of the CCP. Notably,the two founders of the party did not attend the congress:Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao.
The 2nd National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in the Shanghai International Settlement at the apartment of Li Da of 625 Pude Lane,South Chengdu Road,between July 16 and July 23,1922. The congress was attended by 12 representatives,representing 195 members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The congress succeeded the 1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and preceded the 3rd National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.
Tan Pingshan was a Chinese revolutionary socialist and an early member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from Gaoming,Guangdong. He was influential in the Tongmenghui and formed the Guangdong branch of the CCP with the help of Chen Duxiu. He later took part in the formation of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang.
The Chinese National Peasants' Association,otherwise known as the Chinese Peasants' Association,was a peasant organization created in 1927 with the specific aim of transforming the peasantry via Socialism. It was led by the Chinese Communist Party until its dissolution in 1964. Its successor was the Chinese National Poor and Lower-Middle Peasants' Association,created in 1964 and dissolved de facto in 1986.
The 6th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held from June 18 - July 11,1928. Because the Nationalist Government of China had recently begun a massive wave of persecution against members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP),the Congress was held in Moscow. Under the direction of the Comintern,the delegates elected the 6th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. The 6th Central Committee's First Plenum in turn chose Xiang Zhongfa as General Secretary and elected the 6th Politburo. The five permanent members of the Politburo Standing Committee were Xiang Zhongfa,Zhou Enlai,Su Zhaozheng,Xiang Ying,and Cai Hesen.
The 4th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in the Shanghai International Settlement at a shikumen residence in No. 8,Lane 256,Dongbaoxing Road,between 11 and 22 January 1925. The congress was attended by 20 participants representing 994 party members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The congress succeeded the 3rd National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and preceded the 5th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. A congress report was drafted by Chen Duxiu who represented the 3rd Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
