2015 China Victory Day Parade

Last updated

The following countries sent their former leaders to the parade :

Leaders of the following international organizations were in attendance:

In addition, many embassies around Beijing also sent their defense attaches and military generals to attend the parade.

Criticisms

Taiwan's Mainland Affairs Council, President Ma Ying-jeou and his Kuomintang objected to the event and what they see as the CCP usurping credit for leading the Chinese defence against Japan during World War II. [38] [39] However, former Chairman of the Kuomintang Lien Chan also attended the parade, ostensibly in his personal capacity, sparking controversy at home. [38] [39] Whilst Tsai Ing-wen, leader of the Taiwanese opposition, criticised Lian for failing to represent the views of the majority of Taiwanese, observers noted that Lien had considerable business interests on the mainland he sought to protect, likewise the Kuomintang also had interests on the mainland. [40] [41] [42] Hong Kong commentator Frank Ching added that Lien Chan's presence at the ceremony undermined the KMT, as China appeared to erase the role of the Nationalists in defending China. [43]

Other pundits said that the main object of the parade was to rewrite history and elevate the CCP's position in ending the war. [6] [9] [43]

Kyodo News Agency cited a US department of State spokesman that United States objected the President of Sudan Bashir to attend the parade in the news conference held on 31 August 2015. He stated that China should consider about the international society's worry as a UN security council member with inviting or assisting someone who is wanted under the document of warrant signed by ICC. [44]

Parade groups

Some 12,000 troops marched along Chang'an Avenue up to Tiananmen for inspection by President Xi Jinping and the two living former leaders. [11] There were 10 squads: 9 from the People's Liberation Army and 1 from the People's Armed Police). Each squad had 350 soldiers excluding the color guards, and were led by two major generals or lieutenant generals in active service. In total, 56 generals participated in the event. The military vehicle contingent were led by two Air Force lieutenant generals, a vice admiral and a lieutenant general of the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force: Tian Zhong, deputy commander of the PLA Navy, Chen Dong, deputy commander of the PLA Air Force, Wu Guohua, deputy commander of the PLA Rocket Force. Zheng Qunliang another deputy commander of the Air Force, commanded the squadron of jet fighters in the air. This was the first time in PRC's history that military parade contingents were led by officers ranked as high as lieutenant general. [45]

Veterans

Surviving soldiers from the Second World War joined the parade for the first time. They had fought under various commands, including the New Fourth Army, the National Revolutionary Army, and the Eighth Route Army, with most over 90 years old then. Some of the passed soldiers' widows marched in place of their husbands. [46] Besides Chinese soldiers, some surviving airmen of United States Air Force who had fought alongside Chinese forces also joined the veterans column. The veterans rode in open-top buses at the start of the parade and were escorted by the People's Armed Police Motorcycle Escort Squadron.

Marchpast columns

Military bands in attendance

A 1,000 piece band was present to provide musical accompaniment to the parade. The bands were organized as follows: [47] [48] [49]

Color party

The color guard consisted of 207 men and women from the PLA Honor Guard Battalion, who escorted the national military colours. This marked the first occasion of female service personnel forming part of the honor guard during a national parade. Their first public presentation occurred during the state visit of the President of Turkmenistan to Beijing in May 2015, using the Type 56 ceremonial rifle.

Representative companies from CCP units of the Second Sino-Japanese War

The CCP's hero squads consisted of detachments that traced their lineage to units that participated in the war against Japan, which included the "Five Heroes of Langya Mountain" (狼牙山五壮士), "Battle of Pingxingguan Hero Squad", [51] and the "Hundred Regiments Offensive Hero Squad". Representative detachments from each Chinese military region participated in the parade, led by soldiers carrying standards used by the predecessor units.

These represented the following CCP formations during the war against Japan:

People's Armed Police

A detachment of the People's Armed Police also participated in the parade, the unit having previously been part of the PLA. The unit's lineage, through the 114th Division of the 38th Army, can also be traced to regiments that fought during the war.

Foreign contingents

Groups from 17 countries were sent to take part in the military parade. [52] Marching in alphabetical order these were:

  1. Flag of Afghanistan (2013-2021).svg Afghanistan – 3-man team from the Color Guard of the Afghan National Army
  2. Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus – 76-man team from the Honor Guard Battalion of the Minsk Garrison
  3. Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia – 7-man team from the Color Guard of the Royal Cambodian Army
  4. Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba – 76-man team from the Ceremonial Unit of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces
  5. Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt – 73-man team from the Egyptian Republican Guard [53]
  6. Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji – 7-man team from the Presidential Guard
  7. Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan – 76-man team from the Honor Guard Company of the Ministry of Defense of Kazakhstan
  8. Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan – 76-man team from the Kyrgyz National Guard
  9. Flag of Laos.svg Laos – 7-man team from the Color Guard of the Lao People's Army
  10. Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico – 77-person team of cadets of the service academies of the Mexican Armed Forces
  11. Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia – 74-man team of personnel of the Ministry of Defence of Mongolia [54]
  12. Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan – 79-man team from the Pakistani Tri-Service Honour Guard
  13. Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia – 75-man team from the Serbian Guards Unit
  14. Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan – 76-man team from the Honor Guard Company of the Ministry of Defense of Tajikistan
  15. Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu – 7-man team from the Color Guard from the Vanuatu Mobile Forces
  16. Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela – 9-man team from the Color Guard from the Military Academy of the Bolivarian Army
  17. Flag of Russia.svg Russia – 76-man team from the 1st Honor Guard Company, 154th Preobrazhensky Independent Commandant's Regiment, Western Military District

Mobile column

Military vehicles in Victory Day Parade The military parade in honor of the 70-th anniversary of the end of the Second world war 02.jpg
Military vehicles in Victory Day Parade
Type 99A Main Battle Tank

A group of the latest model of China's Type 99 main battle tank. [55] The A marks the last iteration of the Type 99 as the tank is near finalization.

Amphibious squad

On parade where the infantry fighting vehicle (ZBD-05A) and fire support variants (ZTD-05) of the People's Liberation Army Marine Corps ZBD2000 vehicle, with an ability to plane when waterborne these are the fastest amphibious armoured fighting vehicles in the world.

Mechanised infantry combat vehicle squad

The ZBD-04A infantry fighting vehicle, a troop carrying counterpart to the Type 99 MBT was paraded.

Air-mobile infantry fighting vehicle squad

The ZBD-03 IFV is a light airmobile infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) and the most mobile IFV of China's People's Liberation Army, was displayed for the first time in the parade. [56] Anti-tank missile and Light Assault Vehicles variants. [57] came afterward.

Anti-tank guided missile squad

Self-propelled Red Arrow 10 anti-tank guided missile vehicles with anti-helicopter-warfare, fire and forget and man-in-the-loop capabilities were also paraded.

Self-propelled artillery squad

A group of PLZ-05A (1×155MM Howitzer) and PGZ-07 (2×35×228MM Oerlikon KDA guns) self-propelled guns, often nicknamed the "God of War" considering that they are the biggest guns in the Chinese military. [58] [59]

Wheeled amphibious fire support vehicle
Wheeled fast light patrol/attack vehicle
Wheeled anti-terrorism attack vehicle
Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun squad
The missile squad

DF-21D, the world's first Anti-Ship Ballistic Missile, was on display in the parade. They came immediately after the DF-15 and DF-16 missiles. [60]

The DF-41, reportedly China's newest ICBM, was not shown in the parade.

Flyby

The H-6 and J-10 were flying in the parade. HY-6 with two J-10s - 2015 China Victory Day Parade 2.jpg
The H-6 and J-10 were flying in the parade.
Formation Flying in "70" formation Twenty helicopters form a numeric "70" - 2015 China Victory Day Parade.jpg
Formation Flying in "70" formation
Fighter jet squad

The squad included 1 KJ-2000 and 8 J-10. [61] They were first displayed in 2009 China's National Day Parade.

China's newest early warning plane, the KJ-500, was displayed for the first time in this parade. [62]

The H-6K was debuted as well. [63]

5×Shenyang J-15, a carrier-based fighter jet, was also debuted in this parade. [64]

China's most advanced fighter jet, the J-20, was not shown in the parade.

Helicopter Squad

8×WZ-10 (7) and 12×WZ-19 (0) helicopters formed the number "70" in the sky at 10:20 to mark the 70 years since the Victory over the Japanese. [65]

After the parade

The Parade began at 10:09 and ended at 11:40. [66] After the parade, Xi Jinping held a reception of the visiting international dignitaries.

China's Ministry of National Defence spokesman Yang Yujun said that the cuts to the size of the military would include personnel not trained for battle.

According to his opinion, China will modify the 'command system' by simplifying its management structure. China's one-star general Xu Guangyu also said that the China's People's Armed Police will be reformed appropriately.

For historical reasons, China's military structure emphasizes the army and land forces.

Related Research Articles

1st Fighter Aviation Division (Peoples Liberation Army Air Force) Military unit

The 1st Fighter Aviation Division is the first aviation division created by the People's Liberation Army Air Force in the 19 June 1950. In the Korean War and the defense of the airspace of the People's Republic of China the division shot down 92 airplanes. It was the first in People's Liberation Army Air Force history to fight in air combat, provide close-air-support, perform night bombing operations and more. It is also the only air division of the People's Liberation Army Air Force to participate in five Chinese national day parades( 1st, 10th, 35th, 50th and 60th national day parades). Headquartered in Xianyang, the division is split into three sub units: first, second and third regiments. Both first and third regiments are stationed in Anshan while the second is stationed in Chifeng.

Zhang Youxia

Zhang Youxia is a general in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China and currently the second-ranked Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Central Military Commission (CMC). He previously served as Head of the CMC Equipment Development Department, and its predecessor, the PLA General Armaments Department, from 2012 to 2017. He is the son of General Zhang Zongxun. He is a veteran of the 1979 Sino-Vietnamese War and one of the few serving generals in China with war experience.

60th anniversary of the Peoples Republic of China

The 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China took place on 1 October 2009. A military parade involving 10,000 troops and the display of many high-tech weapons was held in Tiananmen Square in Beijing and various celebrations were conducted all over the country. China's paramount leader Hu Jintao inspected the troops along Chang'an Avenue in Beijing. This parade was immediately followed by a civilian parade involving 100,000 participants.

Chinese destroyer <i>Lanzhou</i> (170) Chinese naval ship

Lanzhou is the lead ship of the Chinese Type 052C destroyers. The ship was laid down in late 2002, launched on 29 April 2003, and commissioned in July 2004. The destroyer is active with the People's Republic of China's South Sea Fleet.

Song Puxuan Chinese general

Song Puxuan is a retired general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA). He served as director of the Logistic Support Department of the Central Military Commission from 2017 to 2019. Prior to that, he served as commander of the Northern Theater Command, commander of the Beijing Military Region, deputy commander of the Nanjing Military Region, president of the PLA National Defence University.

Peoples Liberation Army Strategic Support Force Cyber and space force of the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army

The People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force is the space, cyber, and electronic warfare force and the 5th branch of China's People's Liberation Army (PLA). It was established in December 2015 as part of the first wave of the Chinese military reforms.

Beijing Garrison Honor Guard Battalion Military unit

The Beijing Garrison Honor Guard Battalion, officially the PLA Honour Guard, is a ceremonial honour guard and specialised unit of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). It is composed of representatives of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force, Navy, and Air Force. Male soldiers in the battalion must be at least 180 cm tall, while females must be at least 173 cm tall. This honor guard battalion, while reporting directly to the Central Military Commission, falls under the operational control of the Central Theater Command. During parades, the battalion is led by a color guard detail bearing the PLA flag, a tradition which began in 1981.

Central Military Band of the Peoples Liberation Army of China Military unit

The Central Military Band of People's Liberation Army of China is a military music unit made for state ceremonies carried out by the People's Liberation Army of China. For more than 50 years, the band has acted as the musical branch of the PLA. The musicians of the orchestra are required to play ceremonial music for visiting heads of state and government, as well as perform during national events such as the National Day of the People's Republic of China and PLA Day. The band is currently led by Colonel Commandant Zhang Haifeng, who has been in the band since 1988.

The 2018 South China Sea Parade was a military parade held in the South China Sea near Sanya, Hainan on April 13, 2018. It is the biggest marine parade since the establishment of the Communist State in 1949 and according to the Chinese government, the biggest in 600 years. It saw 50 warships, 76 fighters and more than 10,000 military officers and soldiers taking part. Xi Jinping, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, reviewed the People's Liberation Army Navy on April 11, 2018. More than half of the vessels were commissioned after the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in November 2012, when Xi became the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party.

70th anniversary of the Peoples Republic of China

The 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China was observed with a series of ceremonial events including a grand military parade as its spotlight to celebrate National Day of the People's Republic of China that took place on 1 October 2019 in Beijing. It was the largest military parade and mass pageant in Chinese history.

50th anniversary of the Peoples Republic of China

The 50th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China took place on 1 October 1999. A military parade was held in Tiananmen Square in Beijing and various celebrations were conducted all over the country. China's paramount leader Jiang Zemin inspected the troops along Chang'an Avenue in Beijing. This parade was immediately followed by a civilian parade.

The 35th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China took place on 1 October 1984. A military parade was held in Tiananmen Square in Beijing and various celebrations were conducted all over the country. China's paramount leader Deng Xiaoping inspected the troops along Chang'an Avenue in Beijing. This parade was immediately followed by a civilian parade.

Womens Military Band of the PLA National Defense University Musical unit in the Peoples Liberation Army

The Women's Military Band of the PLA National Defense University is a Chinese military band that uniquely consists of only female cadets at the PLA National Defence University, where it serves as the official cadet band. It was established in September 1987 as the only purely female military band of People's Liberation Army (PLA) to greet foreign delegations. In its first 25 years of existence, it had visited over 100 countries and had since 2008, the duty of performing for visiting high-ranking officials to the NDU. This tradition began during the visit of NATO Deputy Chief of Staff to the NDU that year. It has officially been praised as "the best amateur military band of the PLA" by the Central Military Commission. The band drum major serves as one of the deputy directors of the joint-military band during military parades such as those on the National Day Parade on 1 October. In January 2016, the Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution awarded the band and specifically the bands leadership for their role in the joint-military massed band that was present during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade the previous September as it was the first time any female soldiers had been part of the massed bands. Despite being part of the NDU, the band, like all other Chinese military bands, fall under the supervision of the Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission.

The 2017 PLA Day parade was a military parade at Zhurihe Training Base in Inner Mongolia, on 1 August 2017 to celebrate the 90th anniversary of founding of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and the Nanchang uprising that caused its founding. The parade was the first one to be held outside of Beijing since 1981 and the only one to date to only include military equipment and no marchpast. It also was the first organized event to be held on 1 August, which is PLA Day in China. Central Military Commission (CMC) Chairman and Party General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected the troops while CMC vice chairman Fan Changlong was the parade's master of ceremonies and General Han Weiguo of the Central Theater Command was parade commander. 12,000 troops participated in the parade dressed up in combat garb instead of the usual Type 07 full dress uniform. According to the Minister of National Defense, this was done to replicate troops in a "dust-covered battlefield atmosphere".

The People's Armed Police Band is the sole military music unit of the Chinese People's Armed Police (PAP) and one of the four premier military bands in the People's Republic of China. It is currently under the command of the Central Military Commission's Political Work Department and the Political Department of the PAP. It is the sole police band operating in mainland China and it represents the PAP and the Ministry of Public Security at state events.

Chinese National Day Parade

The National Day Parade, officially the National Day of the People's Republic of China Parade, is a civil-military parade event held at Tiananmen Square in Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China, on the National Day of the People's Republic of China on 1 October. It is organized by the People's Liberation Army, the People's Armed Police and the Militia, as well as civilian groups of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It has been held every decade since 1959, annually from 1950 to 1959, and has been broadcast live on China Central Television since 1984.

This is a list of military parades held in the Hong Kong since 1945.

The PLA Hong Kong Garrison Honour Guard Battalion is the ceremonial unit for the People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison based in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). It consists of 210 soldiers from the People's Liberation Army Ground Force, Air Force and Navy who are based at Stonecutters Island. It provided public duties for all events of a ceremonial nature on behalf of the PLA during events of regional importance in the HKSAR. It was formed in 1994 as a result of the impending transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong. At the time of its founding, it was composed of some members of the PLA Honour Guard in Beijing. It began to recruit female soldiers in February 2016. Unlike the unit in the capital, the Hong Kong unit is not a purely ceremonial unit as it is also capable of becoming active duty infantry when needed. A requirement for membership in the unit is being at least 182 cm. It is attached directly to the PLAHK Garrison through the Infantry Garrison Brigade.

The North China Military Exercise was a massive military exercise carried out by the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in North China from September 14 to 18, 1981. With the participation of more 114,000 soldiers, it was the largest military exercise conducted by the PLA since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. Deng Xiaoping, then paramount leader of China and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, attended and observed the entire exercise along with other senior officials.

The 1st Reserve Infantry Division of Beijing(Chinese: 北京陆军预备役步兵第1师) was a reserve infantry formation of the People's Liberation Army.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Tom Phillips (2015-08-21). "'Old-school tub-thumping': 12,000 Chinese troops prepare for WW2 parade". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2017-04-12. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
  2. ↑ "European Union leaders unlikely to attend China's World War Two parade, envoy says". Reuters. 2015-07-03. Archived from the original on 2015-09-28. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
  3. 1 2 3 "Chinese Military Parade Sets Spin Machine into Overdrive". Bloomberg L.P. 2015-09-01. Archived from the original on 2016-07-10. Retrieved 2017-03-04.
  4. ↑ "北京256条公交线路9月2日至4日采取临时运营措施" (in Chinese). 人民网（北京）. Archived from the original on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  5. ↑ "北京阅兵当日协和等医院停门诊 急诊24小时开诊" (in Chinese). 京华时报(北京). Archived from the original on 2015-09-02. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  6. 1 2 Russell Flannery. "Mainland, Hong Kong Stock Markets Shut For V-Day Holiday". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2016-03-23. Retrieved 2017-08-23.
  7. ↑ "Beijing pulls out all stops to ensure perfect V-Day parade". EJ Insight. 2015-09-02. Archived from the original on 2015-09-04. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
  8. 1 2 Hong, Brendon (2015-08-20). "The Secretive Beach Retreat Where China Leaders Plot World Domination". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 2015-09-15. Retrieved 2015-09-18.
  9. 1 2 "HK's Wartime past still matters: Alternate histories – Hong Kong – Politics, Policy, Government & Diplomacy". Harbour Times. 2015-09-04. Archived from the original on 2015-09-13. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
  10. ↑ "China moves to ensure clean air for military parade". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 2015-09-19. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
  11. 1 2 "China's military parade reveals what people really want". EJ Insight. 2015-09-04. Archived from the original on 2015-09-15. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
  12. ↑ "China's grand military parade: Some sidelights". EJ Insight. 2015-09-04. Archived from the original on 2015-09-15. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
  13. ↑ "习近平着中山装 彭丽媛着红裙亮相". Archived from the original on 2015-09-03. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  14. ↑ "习近平宣布裁军30万" (in Chinese). 中国网(北京). Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  15. ↑ "政治局常委和江泽民胡锦涛登上天安门城楼观礼" (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 2015-09-03. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  16. ↑ "梁振英率300人代表团出席阅兵 名单包含反对派" [Politburo Standing Committee and Jiang Zemin Hu Jintao ascend to watch tower in Tiananmen Square] (in Chinese). 观察者网(上海). Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Shannon Tiezzi (2015-08-26). "30 Heads of State Will Watch China's Military Parade Next Week". The Diplomat . Retrieved 2021-04-20.
  18. 1 2 "张德江分别会见蒙古国总统额勒贝格道尔吉、阿根廷副总统布杜和波兰众议长布翁斯卡" (in Chinese). 2015-09-04. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
  19. 1 2 "Li Yuanchao Meets with Foreign Guests".
  20. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2021-04-20. Retrieved 2021-04-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  21. ↑ "Xi Jinping Meets with Chairman Dragan Čović of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina".
  22. ↑ "Cuban Vice President Attends China"s Victory Day Parade | Cubadebate (English)". en.cubadebate.cu. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  23. ↑ "The President of the Czech Republic Milos Zeman visited China".
  24. ↑ "Xi Jinping Meets with President Joseph Kabila of the Democratic Republic of Congo".
  25. ↑ "Xi Jinping Meets with Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn of Ethiopia".
  26. 1 2 Spencer Kimball (2015-09-02). "West wary of China WWII military parade". Deutsche Welle . Retrieved 2021-04-20.
  27. ↑ "Wang Yi Meets with Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Paolo Gentiloni of Italy".
  28. ↑ "Mongolia to send troops to China's Victory Day parade – China.org.cn". china.org.cn. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  29. ↑ "Militaire parade in China was grootste ooit".
  30. ↑ "President Xi Jinping Meets with Governor-General of Papua New Guinea Michael Ogio".
  31. ↑ "China military parade commemorates WW2 victory over Japan". BBC News. 2015-09-03.
  32. ↑ "Nikolic arrives in China, set to attend military parade".
  33. ↑ "Xi Jinping Meets with President Taur Matan Ruak of East Timor".
  34. ↑ "Kilman: I am impressed by China's V-Day parade".
  35. ↑ Calleja, Niña (2015-09-04). "PH to China: Walk the talk, bridge gap". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2015-09-04. Retrieved 2015-09-04.
  36. ↑ "Map: Who's Going to Beijing's World War II Parade?". The Wall Street Journal. 2015-08-26.
  37. ↑ "Taiwan's ex-premier Lien Chan arrives in Beijing for China's victory over Japan parade, to chagrin of island's politicians". 2015-08-30.
  38. 1 2 "Lien Chan, veterans at Beijing bash raises apprehensions – The China Post". Archived from the original on 2015-09-14. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
  39. 1 2 "WWII parade: Beijing reaches out to KMT veterans". The Straits Times. 2015-08-28. Archived from the original on 2015-10-06. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
  40. ↑ Storm.mg (2015-08-30). "連戰參加中國閱兵 蔡英文：和台灣人民的觀感背道而馳-風傳媒". storm.mg (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  41. ↑ 三立新聞網 (2015-08-31). "連戰閱兵是煙霧彈？名嘴爆：是為了國民黨在中國的黨營事業 | 政治 | 三立新聞網 SETN.COM". setn.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  42. ↑ 三立新聞網 (2015-08-31). "天塌下來都要去！連戰不怕罵 赴陸閱兵為保家族企業？ | 政治 | 三立新聞網 SETN.COM". setn.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  43. 1 2 "How China tried to rewrite history with military parade". EJ Insight. 2015-09-08. Archived from the original on 2015-10-06. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
  44. ↑ "美国国务院竟反对中国邀请苏丹总统出席抗战阅兵". 观察者. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-09-21.
  45. ↑ 六位受阅中将首亮相 三人由总参调任 (in Chinese). Sina Corp. 2015-09-03. Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2015-09-21.
  46. ↑ "日籍八路军等40余名日本老兵抵京参加纪念活动" (in Chinese). 环球时报-环球网(北京). Archived from the original on 2015-09-04. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  47. ↑ "閱兵聯合軍樂團︰父子兵上陣 女兵微笑美". Archived from the original on 2019-10-13. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
  48. ↑ "1,000 Musicians Honored to Be Part of V-J Day Parade : News : Yibada". Archived from the original on 2016-01-28. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
  49. ↑ "Months of practice for moment of honor". Archived from the original on 2019-10-13. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
  50. ↑ "PLA chorus in tough training for V-Day parade – People's Daily Online". Archived from the original on 2019-10-13. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
  51. ↑ ""平型关大战突击连"英模部队方队亮相". Archived from the original on 2015-09-27. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  52. ↑ "17个外军参阅部队走过北京天安门" (in Chinese). 中国新闻网(北京). Archived from the original on 2015-09-29. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  53. ↑ "بالصور.. 81 جنديا من حرس الشرف المصري يشاركون في العرض العسكري الصيني 3 سبتمبر". صدى البلد (in Arabic). 2015-08-28. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  54. ↑ "Мимо трибун проходит парадный расчет вооруженных сил Монголии _russian.china.org.cn". russian.china.org.cn. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  55. ↑ "ZTZ-99A Tank, China's King of Land Battle". Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2017-01-23.
  56. ↑ "解放军机动性最强步战车首次亮相" (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  57. ↑ "9·3阅兵：轻型突击车方队接受检阅" (in Chinese). 中国新闻网(北京). Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  58. ↑ "履带自行火炮方队受阅 为中国军队中最大火炮" (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 2015-12-25. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  59. ↑ "履带自行火炮方队接受检阅" (in Chinese). 中国新闻网(北京). Archived from the original on 2015-12-25. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  60. ↑ "常规导弹第一方队受阅 东风15乙和东16导弹亮相" (in Chinese). 中国青年网(北京). Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  61. ↑ "领队机梯队飞过天安门 八道彩烟绚丽夺目" (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  62. ↑ "中国预警机家族新成员空警-500首次亮相" (in Chinese). 南方都市报(深圳). Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  63. ↑ "国产新型轰炸机首次亮相胜利日大阅兵" (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  64. ↑ "中国自主研制歼15舰载机首秀阅兵场" (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  65. ↑ "20架参阅直升机空中组成"70"纪念数字" (in Chinese). 人民网(北京). Archived from the original on 2015-09-08. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  66. ↑ "抗战胜利70周年大阅兵". Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
2015 China Victory Day Parade
Logo of 2015 China Victory Day Parade.png
Logo of the 2015 China Victory Day Parade.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.