China Railway | |
Native name | 中国国家铁路集团有限公司 |
Formerly | China Railway Corporation (2013–2019) |
Company type | State-owned limited company |
Industry | Rail transport |
Predecessor | Ministry of Railways |
Founded |
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Headquarters | Haidian District, Beijing , |
Area served | China |
Key people | Liu Zhenfang (Chairman) Guo Zhuxue (General Manager) |
Services | Passenger rail Freight rail |
Revenue | CN¥1.245 trillion [nb 1] (2023) |
CN¥27.465 billion [nb 2] (2023) | |
CN¥3.304 billion (2023) | |
Total assets | CN¥9.351 trillion (2023) |
Total equity | CN¥3.223 trillion (2023) |
Owner | Ministry of Finance |
Number of employees | 2 million approx. (2013) |
Divisions | Railway operations |
Subsidiaries | 16 bureaux 5 companies |
Website | Corporate website Customer portal |
Footnotes /references source [1] |
China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. | |||||||
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Simplified Chinese | 中国国家铁路集团有限公司 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 中國國家鐵路集團有限公司 | ||||||
Literal meaning | China State Railway Group Limited Company | ||||||
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Alternative Chinese name | |||||||
Simplified Chinese | 国铁集团 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 國鐵集團 | ||||||
Literal meaning | State Railway Group | ||||||
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China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.,doing business as China Railway (CR),is the national passenger and freight railroad corporation of the People's Republic of China. [2]
China Railway operates passenger and freight transport throughout China with 18 regional subsidiaries. [3] By September 2022,the total assets of China Railway Group are CNY 9.06 trillion (USD 1.24 trillion). [4] China has the highest railway usage in the world. [5]
China Railway Corporation was established in 2013 to be responsible for railroad construction,operation,and maintenance. [6] : 209
Under the Chinese Corporate Law,China Railway Corporation was reorganized into China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd. on 18 June 2019. This meant the Ministry of Finance would act as an investor on behalf of the state and the company would be led by a board and managed by board-chosen executives. [7] [8]
By the end of 2019,China Railway employed 2 million people and operated 139,900 km of railroads,of which 35,388 are high-speed railroads. [9] : 209-211
The China Railway logo was designed by Chen Yuchang (Chinese :陈玉昶) (1912–1969), officially adopted on 22 January 1950. The whole logo represents the front of a locomotive. The upper part of the logo represents the Chinese character 人 (people), while the lower part represents the transversal surface of a rail. The logo means that China's railway belongs to the people. [10] [11] [12] The lower part represents the character 工 (labour), means that China's railway belongs to the working class.
The "CR" logo is used on the Fuxing (train) along with the China Railway logo. [13]
The "CRH" logo is used on the Hexie (train).
There are 21 primary subsidiary companies under China Railway. As of 2008, approximately two million people work in China Railway.
Business | Company | Provinces of operation | Regions of operation |
---|---|---|---|
Passenger | China Railway Harbin Group Company (CR Harbin) | Northeastern Inner Mongolia (Hulunbuir and part of Xingan League), Heilongjiang | Northeast China |
China Railway Shenyang Group Company (CR Shenyang) | Liaoning (except Bohai Strait ferry), Jilin, Southeastern Inner Mongolia (Chifeng, Tongliao and part of Xingan League), southern Heilongjiang, northeastern Hebei | ||
China Railway Beijing Group Company (CR Beijing) | Beijing, Hebei (most parts), Tianjin, western Shandong, northern Henan, eastern Shanxi, with all the exception of Daqin Railway | North China | |
China Railway Hohhot Group Company (CR Hohhot) | Inner Mongolia (most parts) | ||
China Railway Taiyuan Group Company (CR Taiyuan) | Shanxi, also operates Daqin Railway through sub-company | ||
China Railway Jinan Group Company (CR Jinan) | Shandong (includes Bohai Strait ferry) | East China | |
China Railway Shanghai Group Company (CR Shanghai) | Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui (most parts) | ||
China Railway Nanchang Group Company (CR Nanchang) | Jiangxi, Fujian | ||
China Railway Guangzhou Group Company (CR Guangzhou) | Hainan, most parts of Guangdong and Hunan | South China | |
China Railway Nanning Group Company (CR Nanning) | Guangxi, western Guangdong | ||
China Railway Wuhan Group Company (CR Wuhan) | Hubei, southern Henan, a little part of Anhui | Central China | |
China Railway Zhengzhou Group Company (CR Zhengzhou) | Henan (middle and northern parts), southern Shanxi | ||
China Railway Chengdu Group Company (CR Chengdu) | Sichuan (most parts), Chongqing, Guizhou (most parts), a little part of Yunnan | Southwest China | |
China Railway Kunming Group Company (CR Kunming) | Yunnan (most parts), a little part of Sichuan and Guizhou | ||
China Railway Qingzang Group Company (CR Qingzang) | Tibet | ||
Qinghai | Northwest China | ||
China Railway Lanzhou Group Company (CR Lanzhou) | Gansu (most parts), Ningxia, a little part of Inner Mongolia | ||
China Railway Ürümqi Group Company (CR Ürümqi) | Xinjiang, a little part of Gansu | ||
China Railway Xi'an Group Company (CR Xi'an) | Shaanxi (most parts), northeast Sichuan | ||
Freight | China Railway Special Cargo Service Company (CRSCS) | Nationwide | |
China Railway Express Company (CRE) | |||
China Railway Container Transport Company (CRCT) |
The key trends for the China Railway are (as of the financial year ending 31 December):
2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
---|---|---|---|
Revenue (RMB t) | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.25 |
Operating income (RMB b) | −34.8 | −54.4 | 27.47 |
Net income (RMB b) | −49.9 | −69.6 | 3.30 |
Total assets (RMB t) | 8.92 | 9.20 | 9.53 |
Total equity (RMB t) | 3.00 | 3.09 | 3.22 |
References | [14] | [15] | [16] |
China Railway operates passenger trains from China to Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Vietnam and Laos. Also operates freight (cargo) trains to these countries.
There are 11 international passenger train services:
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2017) |
As of 2017 [update] China Railway ran goods services to 15 European cities, including routes to Madrid and Hamburg and the experimental East Wind service to London to test demand. [17] The Chinese government refers to the two-week 12,000 km (7,500 mi) route, starting at Yiwu and with trains to London traversing Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany, Belgium and France, as the Belt and Road Initiative. [18] Containers must be transferred several times, as different, incompatible, rail gauges are used in different regions, and the same rolling stock cannot be used throughout.
China has been investing in and helping to rebuild railways in Africa. [19] [20] Below is an incomplete list of rail projects.
The Qinghai–Tibet railway or Qingzang railway, is a high-elevation railway line in China between Xining, Qinghai Province, and Lhasa, Tibet. With over 960 km (600 mi) of track being more than 4,000 m (13,123 ft) above sea level, it is the highest railway line in the world.
The Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway is a high-speed railway that connects two major economic zones in the People's Republic of China: the Bohai Economic Rim and the Yangtze River Delta. Construction began on April 18, 2008, with the line opened to the public for commercial service on June 30, 2011. The 1,318-kilometer (819 mi) long high-speed line is the world's longest high-speed line ever constructed in a single phase.
China Railway High-speed (CRH) is a high-speed rail service operated by China Railway.
The Capital Airport Express of the Beijing Subway, also known by the initials ABC, Airport Beijing City, is an airport rail link from Beixinqiao station to the Beijing Capital International Airport. The line became operational on July 19, 2008. On subway maps, the Capital Airport Express' color is purplish gray .
The Baoji–Chengdu railway, Baocheng railway or Baocheng Line was formerly designed as a rail line that connects Tianshui and Chengdu called Tianshui-Chengdu railway or Tiancheng railway. The line is a mixed single- and double-track, electrified, 676-kilometer railroad in China between Baoji in Shaanxi province and Chengdu in Sichuan province. The line finished construction on 12 July 1956 and the operation began on 1 January 1958. The rail line is also the first one throughout China to get electrified. The Baoji-Guangyuan section of the line is under the control of China Railway Xi'an Group, and the rest is in charge of China Railway Chengdu Group. The line is one of main lines that connects southwestern with northwestern China and a part in Lanzhou-Kunming Corridor of the Eight Verticals.
Rail transport is an important mode of long-distance transportation in China. As of 2024, the country had more than 159,000 km (98,798 mi)[a] of railways, the second longest network in the world. By the end of 2023, China had more than 45,000 kilometres of high-speed rail (HSR), the longest HSR network in the world.
Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan intercity railway or Changzhutan intercity railway, is a higher-speed regional railway in Hunan, China. It connects the provincial capital Changsha with Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. The line was opened to traffic on 26 December 2016. A northwestern extension to Changsha West railway station opened on 26 December 2017. The maximum operating speed is expected to be up to 200 km/h (124 mph), travelling time between the three cities will be shortened to less than 30 minutes. The line uses China Railways CRH6F regional rail trains.
The Kunming–Yuxi–Hekou railway is a standard-gauge railway in Yunnan Province of China, linking the provincial capital Kunming with the town of Hekou on the Vietnamese border. Constructed in several stages between 1989 and 2014, the Kunming–Yuxi–Hekou railway has largely replaced the Chinese section of the old metre-gauge Kunming–Haiphong railway for normal passenger and cargo transportation. The line is electrified, but single-tracked over most of its length.
CSR Group Corporation formerly known as China South Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry (Group) Corporation, was a Chinese locomotive and rolling stock manufacturer. In 2007, the major assets of the group was spin-off and formed CSR Corporation Limited, making the corporation became a holding company only. In 2015 CSR Group was merged with CNR Group to form CRRC Group.
The Shanghai–Chongqing–Chengdu high-speed railway is a high-speed rail line under construction in China. The Chinese name of the railway line, Huyurong, is a combination of the abbreviations for Shanghai, Chongqing, and Chengdu. It will run in an east-west direction largely parallel to the Yangtze River, connecting the cities of Shanghai, Nanjing, Hefei, Wuhan, Chongqing and Chengdu.
The Boten–Vientiane railway is the Lao section of the Laos–China Railway (LCR), running between the capital Vientiane and the northern town of Boten on the border with Yunnan, China. The line was officially opened on 3 December 2021.
The Guangzhou–Hong Kong high-speed train are high-speed train services operating between Hong Kong West Kowloon in Hong Kong and Guangzhou, at which both the Guangzhou South Station and Guangzhou East Station are in use.
Yinchuan railway station is the main railway station of Yinchuan, the capital of China's Ningxia province.
Liangxiang railway station is a railway station in Liangxiang, Fangshan District, Beijing, China. It serves as an intermediate freight station of the Beijing–Guangzhou railway, while passenger services are provided by the Sub-Central line of Beijing Suburban Railway since 30 June 2020.
Guangzhou Baiyun railway station is a railway station in Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It opened on 26 December 2023, and serves as a major transport hub in Guangzhou.
Shanghai Rail Transit includes all rail transit lines operating in Shanghai, mainly composed of High-volume railway system, Low-to-medium-volume railway system and Maglev system. The system was established on May 28, 1993, when Shanghai Metro Line 1 opened.
The NDJ3 "Great Wall", previously labeled the "Harmony Great Wall" is the only higher-speed diesel multiple unit that is still operating in China. It was first designed to be used for passenger transport in the 2008 Olympics, and has become a mature technology platform with export orders to Nigeria despite initial flaws related to overheating of electrical cables in the power car.
The Yichang–Xingshan high-speed railway, also referred to in Chinese under the acronym Yichang-Zhengwan high-speed railway connection line, is a high-speed railway under construction between Yichang on the Wuhan–Yichang railway and Xingshan on the Zhengzhou–Wanzhou high-speed railway in Hubei province, China. It will form part of the Shanghai–Chongqing–Chengdu high-speed railway. The total length of the line is 109.38 km (67.97 mi), and there are 3 stations on the whole line. It is a line connecting the Wuhan–Yichang railway and the Zhengzhou–Wanzhou high-speed railway. The line will run from Yichang East station via the Changgangling area and Xiabaoping station to Xingshan station. In addition, this line is also planned to be connected with Yichang North railway station and the Wuhan–Yichang high speed railway, also currently under construction. The estimated total investment of the project is 18.15 billion yuan, the construction period is 5.5 years, the design speed is 350 km/h (220 mph), and 94.37% of the main line will run on bridge or through tunnel. It is expected to be officially completed and opened to traffic in 2024. After the completion of the line, combined with the Zhengzhou-Wanzhou HSR to form a new east–west high-speed railway route in the Sichuan-Chongqing area, the Wuhan–Chongqing route will be shortened from the current fastest service of 5 hours and 54 minutes to about 3 hours, and Wuhan–Chengdu services will take only 5 hours. At the same time, journeys between Yichang and Beijing will be shortened from the current 8 hours to about 4.5 hours.