This article needs additional citations for verification .(September 2024) |
Shanghai Pudong International Airport 上海浦东国际机场 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Summary | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Airport type | Public | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Owner/Operator | Shanghai Airport Authority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Serves | Shanghai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Location | Pudong, Shanghai, China | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Opened | 1 October 1999 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hub for | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Focus city for | Hainan Airlines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating base for | Spring Airlines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation AMSL | 4 m / 13 ft | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Coordinates | 31°08′36″N121°48′19″E / 31.14333°N 121.80528°E | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Website | www | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Map | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Runways | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Statistics (2023) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shanghai Pudong International Airport | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simplified Chinese | 上海 浦东 国际 机场 | ||||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 上海 浦東 國際 機場 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Shanghai Pudong International Airport( IATA :PVG, ICAO :ZSPD) is the busiest of the two international airports serving Shanghai,the largest city by population in China,and a major aviation hub of East Asia,and a major world airport.
Pudong Airport serves both international flights and a smaller number of domestic flights,while the city's other major airport,Shanghai–Hongqiao,mainly serves domestic and regional flights in East Asia. Located about 30 km (19 mi) east of the city center,Pudong Airport occupies a 40-square-kilometre (10,000-acre) site adjacent to the coastline in eastern Pudong. The airport is operated by Shanghai Airport Authority.
The airport is the main hub for China Eastern Airlines and Shanghai Airlines,and a major international hub for Air China,as well as a secondary hub for China Southern Airlines. It is also the hub for privately owned Juneyao Air and Spring Airlines,and an Asia-Pacific cargo hub for FedEx,UPS [1] and DHL. The DHL hub,opened in July 2012,is reportedly the largest express hub in Asia. [2]
Pudong Airport had two main passenger terminals,flanked on both sides by four operational parallel runways. [3] A third passenger terminal was started in 2021,in addition to a satellite terminal and two additional runways,which will raise its annual capacity from 60 million passengers to 80 million,along with the ability to handle six million tons of freight. [4]
Pudong Airport is a fast-growing hub for both passenger and cargo traffic. With 3,440,084 metric tons handled in 2024,the airport is the world's third-busiest airport by cargo traffic. Pudong Airport also served a total of 54,476,397 passengers in 2023,making it the second-busiest airport in China after Guangzhou Baiyun Airport,sixth-busiest in Asia,and the twenty-first-busiest in the world. It is also the busiest international gateway of mainland China,with 35.25 million international passengers. [5]
Shanghai Pudong is the busiest international hub in China,and about half of its total passenger traffic is international. [6] Pudong Airport is connected to Shanghai Hongqiao Airport by Shanghai Metro Line 2 and the Shanghai Maglev Train via Pudong International Airport Station. There are also airport buses connecting it with the rest of the city.
Prior to the establishment of Pudong International Airport,Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport was the only primary airport of Shanghai. During the 1990s,the expansion of Hongqiao Airport to meet growing demand became impossible as the surrounding urban area was developing significantly,and an alternative to assume all international flights had to be sought.[ citation needed ]
After deliberation,the municipal government decided to adopt the suggestion from Professor Chen Jiyu of East China Normal University,who wrote a letter to the Mayor of Shanghai Xu Kuangdi [ citation needed ] suggesting that the new airport should be constructed on the tidal flats of the south bank of the Yangtze River estuary,on the coast of the Pudong development zone to the east of Shanghai.
Construction of the first phase of the new Shanghai Pudong International Airport began in October 1997,took two years to build at a cost of RMB 12 billion (US$1.67 billion),and was completed on 16 September 1999.[ citation needed ] It covers an area of 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi) and is 30 kilometres (19 mi) from downtown Shanghai. The first phase of the airport has one 4E category runway (4,000 by 60 metres [13,123 ft × 197 ft]) along with two parallel taxiways,an 800,000-square-metre (8,600,000 sq ft) apron,seventy-six aircraft positions and a 50,000-square-metre (540,000 sq ft) cargo warehouse. [ citation needed ]
Shanghai Pudong International Airport was officially opened to public on 1 October 1999.
A second runway was opened on 17 March 2005,[ citation needed ] and construction of phase two (including a second terminal,a third runway and a cargo terminal) began in December 2005 and started operation on 26 March 2008,in time for the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics.
In November 2011,Pudong Airport received approval from the national government for a new round of expansion which includes two runways. The 3,800-metre (12,467 ft) fourth runway,along with an auxiliary taxiway and traffic control facilities,is projected to cost 2.58 billion yuan (US$403 million). The 3,400-foot (1,036 m) fifth runway,along with a new traffic tower,will cost 4.65 billion yuan (US$726.6 million). Construction was completed in 2015 and has doubled the capacity of the airport. [7] [8]
Pudong International Airport officially started the third phase of the Pudong International Airport expansion with the construction on a new south satellite terminal on 29 December 2015. The new satellite terminal will be the world's largest single satellite terminal with a total construction area of 622,000 square metres (6,700,000 sq ft),which is larger than the Pudong International Airport T2 terminal building (485,500 square metres [5,226,000 sq ft]). The satellite terminal is composed of two halls,S1 and S2,forming an H-shaped structure. It will have an annual design capacity of 38 million passengers,The total cost of the project is estimated to be about 20.6 billion yuan. Halls S1 and S2 will have 83 gates. [9] A high capacity people mover connecting T1 to S1 and T2 to S2 will be constructed. After the completion of the satellite terminal in 2019,Pudong International Airport will have an annual passenger capacity of 80 million passengers,ranking among the top ten airports in the world by capacity. [10]
As of October 2019,the satellite terminal is in operation and connected by people movers to the main Terminals 1 and 2.
By 6 January 2021,work on Pudong Airport T3 began on the south side of the airfield. The new terminal is anticipated to serve 50 million annual passengers when it opens according to city officials,while the entire airport is expected to have 130 million passengers by 2030. Several public transport lines will be extended to T3. [11]
The airport has 162 boarding bridges (T1-31 T2-41 Satellite terminal-90) along with 189 remote gates. Four runways are parallel to the terminals (four operational):one 4,000-metre (13,000 ft) runway with 4E rating (capable of accommodating aircraft up to Boeing 747-400),two 3,800-metre (12,500 ft) runways with 4F rating (capable of accommodating aircraft up to Airbus A380,Boeing 747-8,and Antonov An-225),and two 3,400-metre (11,200 ft) runways with 4F rating .
Pudong airport currently has four runways. Rwy 35L/17R and Rwy 34R/16L are mostly used for landing while Rwy 35R/17L and Rwy 34L/16R are mostly used for takeoff. Runway 15/33 is not in operation.
Terminal 1 was opened to public and officially opened on 1 October 1999 along with a 4000-metre runway and a cargo hub. [12] It was built to handle the demand for traffic and to relieve Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport's traffic. The exterior of Terminal 1 is shaped like a seagull,and has 28 gates,13 of which are double-decker gates. The capacity of Terminal 1 is 20 million passengers. It currently has 204 check-in counters,thirteen luggage conveying belts and covers an area of 280,000 square metres.[ citation needed ]
The gates for Terminal 1 is 1–12,14–32 (linked with jetway),while the remote gates are 200–203,251–258 (Domestic),208–212,213–216 (International).
Terminal 2 was officially opened to the public on 26 March 2008 along with the third runway,making the entire airport capable of handling 60 million passengers and 4.2 million tons of cargo annually. Terminal 2 is shaped like Terminal 1,although it more closely resembles a wave,and is slightly larger than Terminal 1. Terminal 2 also has more floor areas than Terminal 1. Terminal 2 is primarily used by Air China and other Star Alliance members. [13]
The gates for Terminal 2 are 50–98 (Note that gates 58–90 are used as both the C gates (used for domestic flights) and the D gates (used for international flights). The gates between gates 65–79 are only odd numbered (65,67,69,71,73,75,77,79). Gates 50–57 and gates 92–98 are used for domestic flights only. The remote gates for Terminal 2 are C219-C224 for domestic and D228-D232 for international.
Construction on an additional satellite concourse facility that could accommodate further gates and terminal space started on 29 December 2015 and officially opened in September 2019. [14] It is the largest stand-alone satellite airport terminal buildings in the world at 622,000 square meters. [15] This project will support 38 million passengers annually through 90 departure gates across two S1 and S2 concourses. Gates for domestic flights are labelled H,while the gates for international flights and flights to Hong Kong,Macau,and Taiwan are labelled G in both satellite concourses.
Both S1 and S2 are connected together and are since the opening in September 2019 connected by an 7.8-kilometre (5 mi) underground Shanghai Pudong Airport APM to the current T1 and T2 terminals operated by Shanghai Keolis for 20 years, [16] [17] including the East Line and the West Line. The operating section of the East Line is 1.65 kilometres (1 mi) long, connecting Terminal 2 and Satellite 2, and the operating section of the West Line is 1.86 kilometres (1 mi) long, connecting Terminal 1 and Satellite 1.
Gates that can accommodate the A380/B747-8 are 24 (T1) 71,75 (T2) 119,121 (S1) 504-507 (remote stands near S1, on taxiway L02, between taxiway P3 and south of P2) 168, 170, 173 (S2).
The airport has been using the Airport Collaborative Decision Making system (A-CDM) developed by the aviation data service company VariFlight since January 2017. The system is aimed to improve on-time performance and safety of the airport's operations. By June 2017, Shanghai Pudong airport recorded 62.7% punctuality rate, which was a 15% increase compared to the same period previous year. [18]
Pudong Airport mainly serves international flights along with flights to Baotou, Changchun, Dalian, Zhangjiajie and some smaller cities while most domestic flights are operating at Hongqiao Airport. However, some domestic flights operating at Hongqiao Airport only may move to Pudong Airport operating only at Pudong Airport instead of both.
Year | Passengers | % change | Aircraft movements | Cargo (tons) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2006 [129] | 26,788,586 | 231,994 | ||
2007 [130] | 28,920,432 | 8.0% | 253,532 | 2,559,098 |
2008 [130] | 28,235,691 | 2.4% | 265,735 | 2,603,027 |
2009 [131] | 31,921,009 | 13.1% | 287,916 | 2,543,394 |
2010 [132] | 40,578,621 | 27.1% | 332,126 | 3,228,081 |
2011 [133] | 41,447,730 | 2.1% | 344,086 | 3,085,268 |
2012 [134] | 44,880,164 | 8.3% | 361,720 | 2,938,157 |
2013 [135] | 47,189,849 | 5.1% | 371,190 | 2,928,527 |
2014 [136] | 51,687,894 | 9.5% | 402,105 | 3,181,654 |
2015 | 60,098,073 | 16.3% | 449,171 | 3,275,231 |
2016 [137] | 66,002,414 | 9.8% | 479,902 | 3,440,280 |
2017 [138] | 70,001,237 | 6.1% | 496,774 | 3,835,600 |
2018 [139] | 74,006,331 | 5.7% | 504,794 | 3,768,573 |
2019 | 76,153,455 | 2.9% | 581,848 | 3,624,230 |
2020 | 30,476,531 | 59.9% | 325,678 | 3,686,627 |
2021 | 32,206,814 | 5.6% | 349,524 | 3,982,616 |
2022 [140] | 14,178,385 | 56.0% | 204,378 | 3,117,215.6 |
2023 [141] | 54,496,397 | 285.2% | 433,867 | 3,440,084.3 |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
All cars are equipped with racks and space designated for luggage.
Prices and speeds are substantially lower than the Maglev. A casual ride to People's Square, the city center, typically takes just over one hour, while a trip to Hongqiao International Airport takes about 1.5 hour.
The east extension of Line 2 used to run in an independent pattern between Guanglan Road and Pudong Airport, in which the train would not run west of Guanglan Road and passengers had to transfer at this station. The regular service between East Xujing and Pudong Airport started in April 2019, [142] allowing passengers to access the city center without the extra transfer. The regular service completely replaced the independent east extension service in October of the same year when the four-carriage trainsets special for the service started to be transformed into eight-carriage trainsets for the regular service. [143]
The plan for building a new commuter railway line connecting the airport with Hongqiao Airport, Airport Link line, has been formally established in 2015 and approved in December 2018 by National Development and Reform Commission. The line is under construction since 28 June 2019 and is expected to be put in operation by the end of 2024. This 68.6-kilometre (43 mi) railway starts from Shanghai East railway station under planning, via Zhangjiang and Sanlin in Pudong, Huajing in Xuhui and Qibao in Minhang. [144] It will use the unused area in Hongqiao Railway Station originally for Maglev for its station at Hongqiao Transportation Hub.[ citation needed ]
Metro Line 21 Phase II east extension will connect the airport with the under construction adjacent Shanghai East railway station and the eastside of Pudong.[ citation needed ]
Eight airport bus lines serve the airport, providing rapid links to various destinations.
Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport is one of two international airports of Shanghai, the largest city by population in China, and a significant airline hub of the country. Hongqiao Airport mainly serves domestic and regional flights, although the airport also serves selected international flights. The airport is located near the town of Hongqiao in the outskirts of Changning and Minhang districts, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) west of downtown, and is closer to the city center than the area's primary international airport, Shanghai–Pudong.
Nanjing Lukou International Airport is an international airport serving Nanjing, the capital of East China’s Jiangsu province, and a major airport serving the Yangtze River Delta area. As of 2020, it is the 12th busiest civil airport in China, dropping one place from 2019 after being overtaken by Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport. It is located in the suburban Jiangning District, over 35 km (22 mi) south of the city center, and is connected to Nanjing and neighboring towns by expressways. Phase I of the Ninggao Intercity Line and Line S1 of the Nanjing Metro link the airport with Nanjing South railway station.
Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport is an international airport serving the city of Dalian in Northeast China’s Liaoning province. It is located in Ganjingzi District, about 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of the city center. In 2018 the airport handled 18,758,171 passengers, making it the busiest airport in Northeast China and the 24th busiest nationwide. The airport is the hub for Dalian Airlines and a focus city for China Southern Airlines and Hainan Airlines. As Zhoushuizi Airport has reached its designed capacity, the new Dalian Jinzhouwan International Airport is being built on reclaimed land to replace it.
Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport — formerly Shenzhen Huangtian Airport — is an international airport serving the city of Shenzhen in South Central China’s Guangdong province. It is on the east bank of the Pearl River in Bao'an District, 32 km (20 mi) northwest of the city centre. It is a hub for Shenzhen Airlines and Donghai Airlines and for cargo airline SF Airlines, China Southern Airlines and Hainan Airlines. The airport also serves as an Asian-Pacific cargo hub for UPS Airlines. The airport underwent major expansions in the 2010s, with a second runway opening in 2011, and a new terminal in 2013.
Changsha Huanghua International Airport is an international airport serving Changsha, the capital of South Central China’s Hunan province, and the Greater Changsha Metropolitan Region comprising the nearby cities of Zhuzhou and Xiangtan.
Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport is an international airport serving Zhengzhou, the capital of South Central China’s Henan province.
Ürümqi Diwopu International Airport is an international airport serving Ürümqi, the capital of Northwest China‘s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is located in the Diwopu township of Xinshi district, 16 km (9.9 mi) northwest of downtown Ürümqi. As a hub for China Southern Airlines and as a focus city for Hainan Airlines, the airport handled 23,027,788 passengers in 2018, making it the 19th busiest airport in China by passenger traffic.
Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport is an international airport serving the city of Xiamen in East China’s Fujian province. It is the main base of XiamenAir and TAECO, an aircraft maintenance provider. The airport is located on the north side of Xiamen Island. Construction of a new terminal started in October 2011 and was completed in 2014.
Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport is an international airport serving Hangzhou, a major city in the Yangtze River Delta region and the capital of East China’s Zhejiang province. The airport is located on the southern shore of Qiantang River in Xiaoshan District and is 27 km (17 mi) east of downtown Hangzhou. Architecture firm Aedas designed Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport.
Ningbo Lishe International Airport is an international airport serving Ningbo, a major city in the Yangtze River Delta region and the second largest city in East China’s Zhejiang province.
Wenzhou Longwan International Airport is an airport serving the city of Wenzhou in East China’s Zhejiang province. Formerly called Wenzhou Yongqiang Airport, it adopted its current name on 25 April 2013.
Xi'an Xianyang International Airport is an international airport serving the city of Xi'an, the capital of Northwest China’s Shaanxi province, as well as the whole Guanzhong area. Covering an area of 5 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi), it is the largest airport in Northwest China, and the second largest airport in Northern China. The airport was the hub for China Northwest Airlines until the company was merged into China Eastern Airlines in 2002. Xi'an Airport is also the hub for Joy Air and Hainan Airlines. Xi'an Xianyang International Airport is a Skytrax 4-star airport.
Haikou Meilan International Airport is an international airport serving Haikou, the capital of South Central China's Hainan province. It is located 25 km (16 mi) southeast of the city center and was opened in 1999, replacing the old Dayingshan Airport located along what is now the city's Guoxing Avenue. The airport is operated by Hainan Meilan International Airport Company Limited.
Wuhan Tianhe International Airport is an international airport serving Wuhan, the capital of South Central China’s Hubei province. It was opened on 15 April 1995, replacing the old Wuhan Wangjiadun Airport and Nanhu Airport as the major airport of Wuhan. The airport is located in Wuhan's suburban Huangpi District, around 26 km (16 mi) to the north of Wuhan city center.
Changchun Longjia International Airport is an international airport serving Changchun, the capital of Northeast China's Jilin province, for which it is an aviation hub in China's Civil Airport System. The airport is 31.2 km (19.4 mi) northeast of the provincial capital Changchun and 76 km (47 mi) northwest of Jilin City: responsibility for the operation of the airport is shared by both cities. Changchun Airport is a regional hub for China Southern Airlines.
Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport is an international airport serving Guiyang, the capital of Southwest China’s Guizhou province.
Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport is an airport serving Jinan, the capital of East China’s Shandong province. It is located approximately 33 km (21 mi) northeast of the city center and immediately to the north of the Yaoqiang Subdistrict (遥墙街道), after which the airport is named. By road, the airport is connected to the Jinan Ring (济南绕城高速公路), Beijing–Shanghai, and Qingdao–Yinchuan Expressways.
Lanzhou Zhongchuan International Airport is an international airport serving Lanzhou, the capital of Northwest China’s Gansu province. It is located 71 kilometres (44 mi) northwest of downtown Lanzhou. It was opened in 1970 and serves as a major air hub for the province of Gansu and western China. There are eight gates served by aerobridges in the terminal. A new larger Terminal 2 is located to the South, adjacent to the existing terminal. The new terminal adds nine aerobridges.
Kunming Changshui International Airport is an international airport serving Kunming, the capital of Southwestern China’s Yunnan province. The airport is located 24.5 km (15.2 mi) northeast of the city center in a graded mountainous area about 2,100 m (6,900 ft) above sea level. The airport opened at 08:00 (UTC+8) on 28 June 2012, replacing the old Kunming Wujiaba International Airport, which was later demolished. As a gateway to Southeast and South Asia, Changshui Airport is a hub for China Eastern Airlines, Kunming Airlines, Lucky Air, Sichuan Airlines and Ruili Airlines.
Chengdu Tianfu International Airport is one of two international airports serving Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province in Southwestern China. It was planned in 2013 and opened in 2021 as Chengdu Shuangliu Airport was exceeding its designed maximum passenger capacity for years.