Tailstrike

Last updated
Tail wheel on an Aermacchi MB-326 to minimise damage caused by tailstrike Impala-tailstrike tailwheel-001.jpg
Tail wheel on an Aermacchi MB-326 to minimise damage caused by tailstrike

In aviation, a tailstrike or tail strike occurs when the tail or empennage of an aircraft strikes the ground or other stationary object. This can happen with a fixed-wing aircraft with tricycle undercarriage, in both takeoff where the pilot rotates the nose up too rapidly, or in landing where the pilot raises the nose too sharply during final approach, often in attempting to land too near the runway threshold. [1] [2] It can also happen during helicopter operations close to the ground, when the tail inadvertently strikes an obstacle. [3]

Contents

The tail bumper of Concorde G-BOAF at Filton, Bristol Concorde G-BOAF tail bumper at Filton, Bristol arp.jpg
The tail bumper of Concorde G-BOAF at Filton, Bristol

A minor tailstrike incident may not be dangerous in itself, but the aircraft may still be weakened and must be thoroughly inspected and repaired if a more disastrous accident is to be avoided later in its operating life.

Protection measures

Fixed-wing aircraft with a conventional tail and tricycle undercarriage are vulnerable to tailstrike. Those which require a high angle of attack on takeoff or landing are especially so. They may be fitted with a protection device such as a small tailwheel (Concorde and the Saab Draken), tailskid (Diamond DA20), or reinforced tail bumper. The device may be fixed or retractable. [4] [5]

Incident management

Tailstrike incidents are rarely dangerous in themselves, but the aircraft must be thoroughly inspected and repairs may be difficult and expensive if the pressure hull is involved. Inadequate inspections and improper repairs to damaged airframes after a tailstrike have been known to cause catastrophic structural failure long after the tailstrike incident following multiple pressurization cycles.

Examples of notable tailstrikes

Helicopters

Tailstrikes can also happen with helicopters, and example of this is an Australian AW139 which on landing the rear tail hit vegetation. [8] With helicopter's a tail strike can mean that the tail rotor itself, boom, or tailfin are damaged by contact. [9]

Another type of danger for helicopters that have a tail boom, is that the main rotor and tail strike each other, which can cause the tail to be cut off and/or damage the main rotor blade. [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Airborne Express</span> Defunct express delivery company and cargo airline

Airborne Express was an express delivery company and cargo airline. Headquartered in Seattle, Washington, its hub was in Wilmington, Ohio. Airborne was founded as the Airborne Flower Traffic Association of California in 1946 to fly flowers from Hawaii to the US mainland. Airborne Express was acquired by DHL in 2003. Prior to the acquisition, it rose to be the third largest private express delivery company in the United States, behind Federal Express and United Parcel Service (UPS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian Airlines</span> Defunct airline of India (1953–2011)

Indian Airlines was a state-owned airline in India that later became a division of Air India Limited before ultimately ceasing operations. It was based in Delhi and focused primarily on domestic routes, along with several international services to neighbouring countries in Asia and limited flights to the Middle East and Southeast Asia. It was a division of Air India Limited after the merger of eight pre-Independence domestic airlines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">China Airlines Flight 611</span> 2002 passenger plane disintegration above the Taiwan Strait

China Airlines Flight 611 was a regularly scheduled passenger flight from Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in Taiwan to Hong Kong International Airport in Hong Kong.

de Havilland Heron Small propeller-driven British airliner, 1950

The de Havilland DH.114 Heron is a small propeller-driven British airliner that first flew on 10 May 1950. It was a development of the twin-engine de Havilland Dove, with a stretched fuselage and two more engines. It was designed as a rugged, conventional low-wing monoplane with tricycle undercarriage that could be used on regional and commuter routes. A total of 149 were built; it was also exported to about 30 countries. Herons later formed the basis for various conversions, such as the Riley Turbo Skyliner and the Saunders ST-27 and ST-28.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iran Aseman Airlines</span> Airline in Iran

Iran Aseman Airlines is the third-largest Iranian airline headquartered in Tehran. It operates scheduled domestic passenger services and regional international services.

Lufthansa Cargo AG is a German cargo airline and a wholly owned subsidiary of Lufthansa. It operates worldwide air freight and logistics services and is headquartered at Frankfurt Airport, the main hub of Lufthansa. Besides operating dedicated cargo planes, the company also has access to cargo capacities of 350 passenger aircraft of the Lufthansa Group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Water landing</span> An aircraft landing intentionally on a body of water

In aviation, a water landing is, in the broadest sense, an aircraft landing on a body of water. Seaplanes, such as floatplanes and flying boats, land on water as a normal operation. Ditching is a controlled emergency landing on the water surface in an aircraft not designed for the purpose, a very rare occurrence. Controlled flight into the surface and uncontrolled flight ending in a body of water are generally not considered water landings or ditching.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">N'Djamena International Airport</span> Main airport in Chad

N'Djamena International Airport serves N'Djamena, the capital city of Chad. It is the country's only international airport. The airport is dual use, with civilian and military installations on opposite sides of the single runway.

The article describes accidents and incidents on Korean Air and its predecessor companies Korean National Airlines and Korean Air Lines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Continental Express Flight 2574</span> 1991 aviation accident

Continental Express Flight 2574 was a scheduled domestic passenger airline flight operated by Britt Airways from Laredo International Airport in Laredo, Texas to Houston Intercontinental Airport (IAH) in Houston, Texas. On September 11, 1991, the Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia turboprop, registered N33701, crashed while initiating its landing sequence, killing all 14 people on board. The aircraft wreckage hit an area near Eagle Lake, Texas, approximately 65 miles (105 km) west-southwest of the airport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Turbine engine failure</span> Turbine engine unexpectedly stops producing power due to a malfunction other than fuel exhaustion

A turbine engine failure occurs when a gas turbine engine unexpectedly stops producing power due to a malfunction other than fuel exhaustion. It often applies for aircraft, but other turbine engines can also fail, such as ground-based turbines used in power plants or combined diesel and gas vessels and vehicles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boeing 747 hull losses</span>

As of October November 2024, a total of 64 Boeing 747 aircraft, or just above 4% of the total number of 747s built, first flown commercially in 1970, have been involved in accidents and incidents resulting in a hull loss, meaning that the aircraft was either destroyed or damaged beyond economical repair. Of the 64 Boeing 747 aircraft losses, 32 resulted in no loss of life; in one, a hostage was murdered; and in one, a terrorist died.

This is a list of aviation-related events from 2009.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1990 Wayne County Airport runway collision</span> Collision of two Northwest Airlines jetliners at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport

On December 3, 1990, two Northwest Airlines jetliners collided at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport. Flight 1482, a scheduled Douglas DC-9-14 operating from Detroit to Pittsburgh International Airport, taxied by mistake onto an active runway in dense fog and was hit by a departing Boeing 727 operating as Flight 299 to Memphis International Airport. One member of the crew and seven passengers of the DC-9 were killed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emirates Flight 407</span> 2009 aviation accident in Melbourne, Australia

Emirates Flight 407 was a scheduled international passenger flight operated by Emirates from Auckland to Dubai with a stopover in Melbourne, operated by an Airbus A340-500 aircraft. On 20 March 2009, the flight failed to take off properly at Melbourne Airport, hitting several structures at the end of the runway before climbing and then returning to the airport for a safe landing. Although no fatalities or injuries resulted, damage to the aircraft was severe enough for the event to be classified by Australian Transport Safety Bureau as an "accident". It was subsequently determined that a data-entry error resulted in insufficient engine thrust during take off. It has been described "as close as we have ever come to a major aviation catastrophe in Australia" by aviation officials.

Air France has been in operation since 1933. Its aircraft have been involved in a number of major accidents and incidents. The deadliest accident of the airline occurred on June 1, 2009, when Air France Flight 447, an Airbus A330-203, flying from Rio de Janeiro to Paris crashed into the Atlantic Ocean with 228 fatalities. A selected list of the most noteworthy of these events is given below.

References

  1. "Preventing tailstrike at takeoff, Airbus Safety Lib" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 August 2011.
  2. "Tail Strike Avoidance". www.boeing.com.
  3. "Helicopter Safety". Flight Pg 32. 15 April 1998. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  4. "Tailstrike in Airbus Safety lib" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 25, 2012.
  5. "Aircraft Tail Bumpers", AIR1800, SAE
  6. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-206B PH-BUF Tenerife-Los Rodeos International Airport (TCI)". aviation-safety.net.
  7. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747SR-46 JA8119 Ueno". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved June 15, 2009.
  8. "Tail rotor strike highlights importance of heightened situational awareness operating into confined areas".
  9. Aerossurance (2022-04-29). "US Air Ambulance Helicopter Hospital Heliport Tail Strike". Aerossurance. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  10. "Main Rotor Struck Tail Boom, Dooming Chopper in Rowlett Crash: NTSB". NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth. 2022-04-18. Retrieved 2024-04-30.