San Francisco International Airport

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San Francisco International Airport
SFO San Francisco International Airport Logo.svg
San Francisco International Airport - aerial photo.jpg
Aerial view of San Francisco International Airport
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/Operator City and County of San Francisco
Serves San Francisco Bay Area
Location San Mateo County, California, U.S.
OpenedMay 7, 1927;97 years ago (1927-05-07)
Hub for
Time zone PST (UTC−08:00)
  Summer (DST)PDT (UTC−07:00)
Elevation  AMSL 4 m / 13 ft
Coordinates 37°37′08″N122°22′30″W / 37.61889°N 122.37500°W / 37.61889; -122.37500
Website www.flysfo.com
Maps
KSFO Airport Diagram.svg
FAA airport diagram
San Francisco International Airport
Runways
Direction LengthSurface
mft
10L/28R3,61811,870 Asphalt
10R/28L3,46911,381 Concrete
01R/19L2,6378,650Asphalt
01L/19R2,3327,650Asphalt
Statistics (2023)
Total Passengers50,196,094
Aircraft operations384,871
Total cargo (tonnes)484,100
Source: San Francisco International Airport [1] and FAA [2]

San Francisco International Airport( IATA : SFO, ICAO : KSFO, FAA LID : SFO) is the primary international airport serving the San Francisco Bay Area in the U.S. state of California. It is located in an unincorporated area of San Mateo County, [3] [4] and is about 12 miles southeast of San Francisco.

Contents

SFO is the largest airport in the San Francisco Bay Area and the second-busiest in the US State of California, after Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). In 2023, it was the fourteenth-busiest airport in the United States and the 29th-busiest in the world by passenger count. [5] It is the fifth-largest hub for United Airlines, functioning as the airline's primary transpacific gateway, and as a major maintenance hub. It also serves as a hub for Alaska Airlines.

The airport is owned and operated by the City and County of San Francisco and has a mailing address with a ZIP Code assigned to San Francisco. Between 1999 and 2004, the San Francisco Airport Commission operated city-owned SFO Enterprises Inc to oversee its business purchases and operations of ventures. [6] [7] [8] [9]

History

Mills Field, San Francisco Airport (c. 1930s) MillsField1928-1 (4503976478).jpg
Mills Field, San Francisco Airport (c. 1930s)

The City and County of San Francisco first leased 150 acres (61 ha) at the present airport site on March 15, 1927, for what was then to be a temporary and experimental airport project. [10] San Francisco held a dedication ceremony at the airfield, officially named the Mills Field Municipal Airport of San Francisco, on May 7, 1927, [11] on the 150-acre cow pasture. The land was leased from the Mills Estate in an agreement made with Ogden L. Mills who oversaw the large tracts of property originally acquired by his grandfather, the banker Darius O. Mills. San Francisco purchased the property and the surrounding area expanding the site to 1,112 acres (450 ha) beginning in August 1930. [10] The airport's name was officially changed to San Francisco Airport in 1931 upon the purchase of the land. "International" was added at the end of World War II as overseas service rapidly expanded.[ citation needed ]

Early operations

The earliest scheduled carriers at the airport included Western Air Express, Maddux Air Lines, and Century Pacific Lines. [10] United Airlines was formed in 1934 and quickly became the key carrier at the airport, with Douglas DC-3 service to Los Angeles and New York beginning in January 1937. A new passenger terminal opened in 1937, built with Public Works Administration funding. [10] The March 1939 Official Aviation Guide shows 18 airline departures on weekdays—seventeen United flights and one TWA flight. The August 1952 chart shows runway 1L 7,000 feet long, 1R 7,750 feet, 28L 6,500 feet, and 28R 8,870 feet.

In addition to United, Pacific Seaboard Air Lines flew between San Francisco and Los Angeles in 1933; the Bellanca CH-300s flew San Francisco–San Jose–Salinas–Monterey–Paso Robles–San Luis Obispo–Santa Maria–Santa Barbara–Los Angeles. [12] Competition with United led Pacific Seaboard to move all of its operations to the eastern U.S., and rename itself Chicago and Southern Air Lines (C&S). It became a large domestic and international air carrier. Chicago & Southern was acquired by and merged into Delta Air Lines in 1953, giving Delta its first international routes. [13] Delta used the route authority inherited from C&S to fly one of its first international services operated with Convair 880 jet aircraft from San Francisco to Montego Bay, Jamaica, and Caracas, Venezuela, via intermediate stops in Dallas and New Orleans in 1962. [14]

World War II

During World War II, the airport was used as a Coast Guard base and Army Air Corps training and staging base. The base was called Naval Auxiliary Air Facility Mills Field and Coast Guard Air Station, San Francisco. [15] Pan American World Airways (Pan Am), which had operated international flying boat service from Treasure Island, had to move its Pacific and Alaska seaplane operations to SFO in 1944 after Treasure Island was expropriated for use as a military base.[ citation needed ] Pan Am began service from SFO after World War II with five weekly flights to Honolulu, one of which continued to Canton Island, Fiji, New Caledonia, and Auckland.[ citation needed ]

International operations

The first service by foreign carriers was on Australian National Airways (ANA) Douglas DC-4s flown by British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines: Sydney–Auckland–Fiji–Kanton Island–Honolulu–San Francisco–Vancouver, BC. The first flight left Australia on September 15, 1946. [16] In 1947 Pan American World Airways began its "round the world" flights from SFO to Guam, Japan, the Philippines, China and other countries; Pan Am also flew to Sydney from SFO. [17] The year 1947 saw the start of United Airlines Douglas DC-6 flights to Hawaii and Philippine Airlines flights to Manila. [10]

TWA began flying Lockheed Constellations (L-1649A's) nonstop to London Heathrow and Paris Orly in 1957. [18] [19] In 1954 Qantas took over the ANA/BCPA route from SFO to Sydney; starting in 1959 their Boeing 707s flew to Sydney via Honolulu and Nadi, Fiji, and in the other direction to New York and London. [20] Pan Am scheduled Boeing 707-320s from Tokyo nonstop to SFO (winter only at first) starting in 1960–61; the westbound nonstops had to await the longer range Boeing 707-320B. British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC, a predecessor of British Airways) arrived in 1957; in 1960 its Bristol Britannias flew London–New York City–San Francisco–Honolulu–Wake Island–Tokyo–Hong Kong as part of BOAC's around-the-world service. [21] By 1961 BOAC had replaced the Britannias with Boeing 707s that did not require the fuel stop at the Wake Island Airfield. [22] Japan Airlines (JAL) arrived at SFO in 1954; in 1961 it was flying Douglas DC-8s San Francisco–Honolulu–Tokyo. [23] In 1961 Lufthansa had begun serving SFO with Boeing 707s flying San Francisco–Montreal Dorval Airport–Paris Orly Airport–Frankfurt three days a week. [24] Lufthansa operated Boeing 720Bs on this routing in 1963 along with Boeing 707s to Frankfurt via Montreal and London Heathrow Airport. [25] Pan Am/Panagra service from SFO to South America was taken over in the late 1960s by Braniff International, which operated Douglas DC-8-62s to SFO after Braniff's acquisition of Panagra. [26] In 1970 CP Air (formerly Canadian Pacific Air Lines) Boeing 737-200s flew nonstop to Vancouver, BC, and on to Winnipeg, Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal. [27]

Domestic expansion

Opening gala at the Central Passenger Terminal on August 27, 1954 SFO Terminal Dedication (5166008090).jpg
Opening gala at the Central Passenger Terminal on August 27, 1954

The first nonstops to the U.S. east coast were United Douglas DC-7s in 1954. The airport's new Terminal Building opened on August 27, 1954. The large display of aircraft including a Convair B-36 Peacemaker bomber, was a marvel for its time. [28] [29] The building became the Central Terminal with the addition of the South Terminal and the North Terminal and was heavily rebuilt as the International Terminal in 1984 and then modified again as the current Terminal 2. Domestically, the April 1957 Official Airline Guide (OAG) lists 71 scheduled weekday departures on United (plus ten flights a week to Honolulu), 22 on Western Airlines, 19 on Southwest Airways (which was later renamed Pacific Air Lines), 12 on Trans World Airlines (TWA), seven on American Airlines and three on Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA). As for international flights, Pan American had 21 departures a week, Japan Airlines (JAL) had five, and Qantas also had five.[ citation needed ]

Southwest/Pacific/Air West

Southwest Airways C-47 landing at SFO in 1948 DC-3 Southwest N63106 (7688847780).jpg
Southwest Airways C-47 landing at SFO in 1948

Southwest Airways began flying scheduled passenger operations from SFO in 1946 with war surplus C-47s, the military version of the Douglas DC-3. In the late 1950s, Southwest Airways changed its name to Pacific Air Lines, which was based at SFO. [30]

In 1959, Pacific Air Lines began flying new Fairchild F-27s from SFO [31] and by 1966 was flying new Boeing 727-100s from the airport. [32] Pacific used the 727 to introduce the first jet service from San Francisco to several cities in California including Bakersfield, Eureka/Arcata, Fresno, Lake Tahoe, Monterey and Santa Barbara.

In 1968 Pacific merged with Bonanza Air Lines and West Coast Airlines to form Air West, which also had its headquarters at SFO. West Coast Airlines had served SFO mainly with Douglas DC-9-10s and Fairchild F-27s to Oregon and Washington states. [33] In 1970, Air West was acquired by Howard Hughes who renamed the airline Hughes Airwest, which continued to be based at the airport where it also operated a hub. By the late 1970s, the airline was operating an all-jet fleet of Boeing 727-200, Douglas DC-9-10, and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 jetliners serving an extensive route network in the western U.S. with flights to Mexico and western Canada as well. [34] Hughes Airwest was eventually acquired by Minneapolis-based Republic Airlines (1979–1986) in 1980 and the airline's headquarters office at SFO was closed.

Jet age

The jet age arrived at SFO in March 1959 when TWA introduced Boeing 707-131s nonstop to New York Idlewild Airport (which was renamed JFK Airport in 1963). United then constructed a large maintenance facility in San Francisco for its new Douglas DC-8s, which were also flying nonstop to New York. In July 1959 the first jetway bridge was installed at SFO, one of the first in the United States. On the cover of January 3, 1960, American Airlines timetable contained this message: "NOW! 707 JET FLAGSHIP SERVICE – NONSTOP SAN FRANCISCO – NEW YORK: 2 FLIGHTS DAILY" [35] Also in 1960, Western Airlines was operating "champagne flights" with Boeing 707s and Lockheed L-188 Electras to Los Angeles, Seattle, San Diego and Portland, OR. [36]

In 1961 the airport had helicopter service on San Francisco and Oakland Helicopter Airlines (known as SFO Helicopter Airlines, and as SFO Helicopter) with 68 flights a day. Helicopters flew from SFO to downtown heliports in San Francisco and Oakland, to a new heliport near the Berkeley Marina and to Oakland Airport (OAK). In its timetable, SFO Helicopter Airlines, which was based at the airport, described its rotorcraft as "modern, jet turbine powered Sikorsky S-62 ten passenger amphibious helicopters". [37] [38]

By 1962 Delta Air Lines was flying Convair 880s to SFO on one its first international jet services, San Francisco–Dallas Love Field–New Orleans–Montego Bay, Jamaica–Caracas, Venezuela. [14] Also in 1962, National Airlines began flying Douglas DC-8s San Francisco–Houston Hobby Airport–New Orleans–Miami. [39] SFO was among the first airports in the United States to install moving walkways inside a terminal. A 450-foot (140 m) set opened on May 20, 1964, in Concourse B and was the world's longest moving walkways at the time. [40]

Service in California

By 1960, all Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) flights out of SFO were operated with Lockheed L-188 Electras nonstop to Los Angeles (LAX) and Burbank (BUR) with some flights continuing to San Diego. [41] In summer 1962 PSA had 14 departures a day Monday through Thursday to southern California, 21 departures on Friday and 22 on Sunday. In 1965 PSA was operating new Boeing 727-100s which were joined in 1967 by Boeing 727-200s and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s. [42] In 1974 PSA was flying two wide body Lockheed L-1011 TriStars. [42] After the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, PSA expanded outside of California.

In 1967, another intrastate airline joined PSA at SFO: Air California, flying Lockheed L-188 Electras nonstop to Orange County Airport (SNA, now John Wayne Airport).[ citation needed ] Like PSA, Air California (later renamed AirCal) eventually became an all-jet airline and expanded outside of California. AirCal was merged into American Airlines while PSA was merged into USAir (later renamed US Airways which in turn eventually merged with American Airlines).

Earthquake and planned Bay fill expansion

San Francisco International Airport at night San Francisco International Airport at night.jpg
San Francisco International Airport at night

The airport closed following the Loma Prieta earthquake on October 17, 1989, reopening the following morning. [43] Minor damage to the runways was quickly repaired. [44]

In 1989, a master plan and Environmental Impact Report were prepared to guide development over the next two decades. [45] During the boom of the 1990s and the dot-com boom SFO became the sixth busiest airport in the world, but since 2001, when the boom ended, SFO has fallen out of the top 20. [46] United Express turboprops were scheduled 60 minutes apart to the shuttle connecting passengers between SFO and nearby San Jose International Airport during the boom era.[ citation needed ] United Groundlink supplemented this service with alternate 60-minute frequencies.

San Francisco International Terminal at night SFO international terminal.jpg
San Francisco International Terminal at night

A $2.4 billion International Terminal Complex opened in December 2000, replacing Terminal 2 (known then as the International Terminal). [29] The new International Terminal includes the San Francisco Airport Commission Aviation Museum and Library and the Louis A. Turpen Aviation Museum, as part of the SFO Museum. [47] SFO's long-running museum exhibition program, now called SFO Museum, won unprecedented accreditation by the American Alliance of Museums in 1999. [48]

SFO experiences delays (known as flow control ) in overcast weather when only two of the airport's four runways can be used at a time because the centerlines of the parallel runway sets (01R/01L and 28R/28L) are only 750 feet (230 m) apart. Airport planners advanced proposals that would extend the airport's runways by adding up to 2 square miles (1,300 acres; 520 ha) of fill to San Francisco Bay and increase their separation by up to 4,300 feet (1,300 m) in 1998 to accommodate arrivals and departures during periods of low visibility. Other proposals included three floating runways, each approximately 12,000 feet (3,700 m) long and 1,000 feet (300 m) wide. [49] The airport would be required by law to restore Bay land elsewhere in the Bay Area to offset the fill. One mitigation proposal would have the airport purchase and restore the 29,000 acres (12,000 ha) of South Bay wetlands owned by Cargill Salt to compensate for the new fill. [50] [51] These expansion proposals met resistance from environmental groups, including the Sierra Club, fearing damage to the habitat of animals near the airport, recreational degradation (such as windsurfing) and bay water quality. [50] [52]

State Senator John L. Burton introduced SB 1562 on February 18, 2000, to bypass the environmental impact study that would normally be required for a large project like the proposed Bay fill and mitigation in order to expedite construction. SB 1562 was signed into law on September 29, 2000. [53] [54] A study commissioned by the airport and released in 2001 stated that alternatives to airport expansion, such as redirecting traffic to other regional airports (Oakland or San Jose), capping the number of flights, or charging higher landing fees at selected times of the day would result in higher fares and poorer service. [55] However, the proposal to build new runways on Bay fill continued to attract opposition from environmental groups and local residents. [56] The airport expansion cost was estimated at US$1,400,000,000(equivalent to $2,620,000,000 in 2023) in 1998, [57] rising to US$2,200,000,000(equivalent to $4,020,000,000 in 2023) a year later, including an estimate of US$200,000,000(equivalent to $366,000,000 in 2023) for the Cargill wetlands purchase and restoration. [58]

The delays during poor weather (among other reasons) caused some airlines, especially low-cost carriers such as Southwest Airlines, to shift all of their services from SFO to the Oakland and San Jose airports. However, Southwest eventually returned to San Francisco in 2007. [59]

BART to SFO

A long-planned extension of the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system to the airport opened on June 22, 2003, allowing passengers to board BART trains at the international or domestic terminals and have direct rail transportation to downtown San Francisco, Oakland, and the East Bay. [60] On February 24, 2003, the AirTrain people mover opened, transporting passengers between terminals, parking lots, the BART station, and the rental car center on small automatic trains.

Recent developments

SFO became the base of operations for start-up airline Virgin America, with service to over 20 destinations. On October 4, 2007, an Airbus A380 jumbo jet made its first visit to SFO. [61] On July 14, 2008, SFO was voted Best International Airport in North America for 2008 in the World Airports Survey by Skytrax. [62] The following year on June 9, Skytrax announced SFO as the second-best International Airport in North America in the 2009 World Airports Survey, losing to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. [63]

New control tower (photographed in 2018) San Francisco International Airport - April 2018 (0465).jpg
New control tower (photographed in 2018)

In response to longstanding FAA concerns that the airport's air traffic control tower, located atop Terminal 2, could not withstand a major earthquake, on July 9, 2012, crews broke ground for a new torch-shaped tower. [64] The new tower is located between Terminals 1 and 2, and the base of the tower building contains passages between the two terminals for passengers both pre- and post-security screening, which dictated the narrow tower base. [65] Originally scheduled for completion in the summer of 2016 at a cost of $102 million, the new tower began operations on October 15, 2016. [66]

SFO was one of several US airports that operated the Registered Traveler program from April 2007 until funding ended in June 2009. This program let travelers who had paid for pre-screening pass through security checkpoints quickly. [67] [68] Baggage and passenger screening is operated by Covenant Aviation Security, a Transportation Security Administration contractor, nicknamed "Team SFO". SFO was the first airport in the United States to integrate in-line baggage screening into its baggage handling system and has been a model for other airports since the September 11 attacks in 2001.

In September 2018, SFO announced plans to use sustainable fuels after signing an agreement with fuel suppliers, airlines, and agencies. [69] As part of the agreement, Shell and SkyNRG began supplying sustainable aviation fuel to KLM, SAS, and Finnair flights operating out of SFO. [70] [71]

Like all airports, SFO sustained a massive decline in traffic in 2020 and 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. [72] The only upside was that the decline reduced traffic to levels easily handled in all weather conditions. [72] In 2022, SFO was ranked no. 1 by The Wall Street Journal on its list of Best Large U.S. Airports, on which the airport was ranked no. 1 for both reliability and convenience. [72]

On August 6, 2024, SFO unveiled a new logo and brand identity, retiring its current logo after 24 years of use. The logo will be phased in over several years. [73]

Runways

FAA runway diagram of SFO, with color added to terminals and runways SFO Map.svg
FAA runway diagram of SFO, with color added to terminals and runways

The airport covers 5,207 acres (21.07 km2) at an elevation of 13.1 feet (4.0 m). [2] [74] It has four asphalt runways, arranged in two intersecting sets of parallel runways: [75]

Runways are named for their magnetic heading, to the nearest ten degrees; hence the runways at 14° [76] from magnetic north are 01L/01R, and the runways at 284° are 28R/28L. The layout of the parallel runways (1L/1R and 28R/28L) was established in the 1950s, and have a separation (centerline to centerline) of only 750 feet (230 m). [75]

During normal operations (approximately 81% of the time), domestic departures use Runways 1L and 1R for departure while overseas international departures and all arrivals use Runways 28L and 28R, taking advantage of the prevailing west-northwesterly wind coming through the San Bruno Gap. During periods of heavy winds or if operations at Oakland International Airport conflict with SFO departures (approximately 15% of the time), Runways 1L and 1R cannot be used, and so all departures and all arrivals use Runways 28L and 28R. These configurations are known collectively as the West Plan, and accommodate arrivals at a rate of up to 60 aircraft per hour. [75] [77]

When using 28L and 28R for landing, aircraft join the final approach at DUMBA waypoint next to the Dumbarton Bridge. In most circumstances, aircraft from the north or west start the approach from Daly City, California, descend along the east or west shoreline of the San Francisco Peninsula, and join the final after bypassing waypoints MENLO near Menlo Park and DUMBA; aircraft from the south join the final through MENLO and DUMBA after flying over the Santa Cruz Mountains; aircraft from the east join the final approach after bypassing Milpitas, California. [78] [79] [80]

Under visual flight rules, aircraft may safely land side-by-side essentially simultaneously on 28L and 28R while maintaining visual separation. [75] [81] When the visual approach is compromised, the West Plan is maintained with a modification to allow aircraft landing on 28L to use Instrument Landing System (ILS) while the aircraft landing on 28R takes an offset course, monitored via high scan rate ground radar, to maintain a lateral spacing greater than 750 ft until the aircraft can maintain visual separation. Visual separation typically occurs once the aircraft has descended below the cloud deck at an altitude of 2,100 feet (640 m). This is known as the Precision Runway Monitor/Simultaneous Offset Instrument Approach and reduces the capacity to 36 arriving aircraft per hour. In poor visibility conditions, FAA instrument approach rules require aircraft to maintain lateral separation of 4,300 feet (1,300 m), meaning only one runway may be used, reducing the capacity of SFO to 25–30 arriving aircraft per hour. [75] [81]

During rainstorms (approximately 4% of the time), the prevailing winds shift to a south-southeasterly direction, and departing aircraft use Runways 10L and 10R, and arriving aircraft use Runways 19L and 19R. This configuration is known as the Southeast Plan. [75] [82]

On rare occasions (less than one day per year, on average), wind conditions dictate other runway configurations, including departures and landings on Runways 10L and 10R, departures and landings on Runways 1L and 1R, and departures on Runways 19L and 19R and landings on Runways 28L and 28R.

Based aircraft and operations

In the year ending February 29, 2024, SFO had 385,543 aircraft operations, an average of 1,056 per day. This consisted of 90% scheduled commercial, 7% air taxi, 2% general aviation and <1% military. There were 11 aircraft based at SFO, 6 helicopter and 5 military aircraft. [2]

Aircraft noise abatement

SFO was one of the first airports to implement a Fly Quiet Program, which grades airlines on their performance on noise abatement procedures while flying in and out of SFO. The Jon C. Long Fly Quiet Program [83] was started by the Aircraft Noise Abatement Office to encourage airlines to operate as quietly as possible at SFO.

SFO was one of the first U.S. airports to conduct a residential sound abatement retrofitting program. Established by the FAA in the early 1980s, this program evaluated the cost-effectiveness of reducing interior sound levels for homes near the airport, within the 65 CNEL noise contour. The program made use of a noise computer model to predict improvement in specific residential interiors for a variety of noise control strategies. This pilot program was conducted for a neighborhood in South San Francisco and success was achieved in all of the homes analyzed. The costs turned out to be modest, and the post-construction interior sound level tests confirmed the predictions for noise abatement. To date over $153 million has been spent to insulate more than 15,000 homes in the neighboring cities of Daly City, Pacifica, San Bruno, and South San Francisco. [84]

Terminals

Terminal map of SFO SFO Terminal Map.svg
Terminal map of SFO

The airport has four terminals (1, 2, 3, and International) and seven concourses with a total of 120 gates arranged alphabetically in a counterclockwise ring. [85] Terminal 1 (B and C gates), Terminal 2 (D gates), and Terminal 3 (E and F gates) handle domestic and precleared flights. The International Terminal (A and G gates) handles international flights and some domestic flights.

Historically, the oldest terminal building still standing is Terminal 2, which was originally completed in 1954 as the Central Terminal with four concourses (Piers B, C, D, and E, lettered sequentially from north to south). [86] Terminal 1 was added as the South Terminal in 1963 with Piers F/FF (Pier F had two satellite rotundas) and G, and Pier E was reassigned to the South Terminal upon its completion. International traffic was routed through Pier G, and a new Rotunda G was completed in 1974 to expand Pier G. Terminal 3 was added as the North Terminal in 1979 with Pier A. Also, once the North Terminal was completed in 1979, the piers were renamed counterclockwise, with letter designations corresponding to present-day Boarding Areas, starting with Pier A (present-day Boarding Area A, originally Pier G), Pier B (present-day Boarding Area B, originally Pier F/FF), Pier C (present-day Boarding Area C, originally Pier E), and Pier F (present-day Boarding Area F, originally Pier A). [87] A new Pier E was added to the North Terminal in 1981 approximately where the old Pier B stood, and the Central Terminal was rebuilt with a single pier (D) to serve international flights in 1983, until a new International Terminal opened in 2000. Since then, the terminals were renamed with numbers in 2001, and the older terminals are in the process of renovation.

A rebuild of Terminal 2 (D gates, formerly the Central Terminal) was completed in 2011, followed by the completion of the rebuild of Terminal 3 East (E gates) in 2015. The rebuild of Terminal 1 (B gates) was completed in 2024. A rebuild of Terminal 3 West (F gates) commenced in 2024, with full completion expected by 2029. [88] [89] [90] [91]

Airside connectors

Airside connector between International Terminal and Terminal 3 Airside Connector IT-T3 (36416581855).jpg
Airside connector between International Terminal and Terminal 3

There are airside connectors at SFO that enable passengers to move between adjacent terminal buildings while staying within the secure area. Since June 17, 2024 connectors are available between the A gates of International Terminal to Terminal 1, Terminal 1 to Terminal 2, Terminal 2 to Terminal 3, and Terminal 3 to the G gates of the International Terminal. [92] [93] [94] [95] [96] [97] There is no connector directly between the International Terminal A and G gates.

Terminal 1

Artwork memorializing gay rights activist and former San Francisco supervisor Harvey Milk (1930-1978) Harvey Milk Terminal 1-9226.jpg
Artwork memorializing gay rights activist and former San Francisco supervisor Harvey Milk (1930–1978)
Harvey Milk Terminal 1 Community Day, July 2019 Harvey Milk Terminal 1 Community Day - July 2019 (7043).jpg
Harvey Milk Terminal 1 Community Day, July 2019

Formerly known as the "South Terminal", Harvey Milk Terminal 1 [98] is composed of Boarding Area B, which currently has 26 gates (gates B2-B27), and Boarding Area C, which has 10 gates (gates C1, C3-C11). A third boarding area, Rotunda A, was demolished in early 2006, as its functions had been taken over by the new International Terminal.

The South Terminal, which cost US$14,000,000(equivalent to $139,330,000 in 2023), [99] was initially dedicated on September 15, 1963. [100] The terminal was designed by Welton Becket and Associates. [101] When it opened, the South Terminal had three piers: Pier G (for international flights, approximately at the same location as the present-day Boarding Area (B/A) A in the International Terminal), Pier F/FF (used by Trans World Airlines (TWA) and Western Airlines, later renamed B/A B), and Pier E (used by American Airlines; originally part of Terminal 2, approximately at the present-day B/A C). [102] The three-level Rotunda A addition was completed in 1974 at the end of Pier G. [103] [104] [105] When the North Terminal was completed in 1979, Pier G was renamed Pier A, with the other piers renamed in a counterclockwise direction proceeding from the new Pier A. [88] International flights were moved to the rebuilt Central Terminal (Terminal 2) in 1983, and then to the new International Terminal in 2000.

The South Terminal underwent a US$150,000,000(equivalent to $386,440,000 in 2023) renovation designed by Howard A. Friedman and Associates, [106] Marquis Associates and Wong & Brocchini [107] that was completed in 1988. Terminal 1 then underwent a US$2,400,000,000(equivalent to $3,046,920,000 in 2023) project to modernize the concourse and add gates; [108] the project broke ground on June 29, 2016. The phase of the project to expand Boarding Area B includes the demolition of the old TWA hangar, the demolition of the two rotundas, and the relocation of two taxiways. [102] The multi-phase project yielded a total of 27 gates when completed in 2024 including a secure Federal Inspection Services (FIS) connector to the existing customs facilities in the International Terminal. [109] This effectively added six new gates that can handle international arrivals. A renovation of Boarding Area C was expected to begin after the completion of work on Boarding Area B, but there were no current plans as of September 2024. [102] [110]

In April 2018, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors and mayor Mark Farrell approved and signed legislation renaming Terminal 1 after deceased gay rights activist and former member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors Harvey Milk, and planned to install artwork memorializing him. This followed a previous attempt to rename the entire airport after him, which was turned down. [111] [112] Following the art and photo installation, the renamed terminal was opened to the media and public for preview tours in advance of its official opening on July 23, 2019. [98] Harvey Milk Terminal 1 is the world's first airport terminal named after a leader of the LGBTQ community. [98]

The first nine gates at the newly reconstructed Boarding Area B opened on July 23, 2019, with Southwest Airlines and JetBlue becoming the first tenants. [113] In late-April 2020, the terminal's new lobby opened, with new ticket counters for Southwest and JetBlue, and a new permanent exhibit honoring Milk. [114] [115] On May 12, 2020, in conjunction with the launch of nine new gates at Boarding Area B (B19-B27), American Airlines moved into the new facility, with new ticket counters, baggage systems, and a new Admirals Club lounge. [116] [117] Seven gates (B2-B5, B10-B11, B15-B16) in the new terminal opened on May 25, 2021. [118]

In 2022, Hawaiian Airlines and WestJet moved a few of their departures into the B gates, but check-in counters and baggage claim remain in International Terminal A. In June 2024, Alaska Airlines moved all of its operations from Terminal 2 into Harvey Milk Terminal 1, in order to be closer to their Oneworld partner American Airlines and opened an Alaska Lounge in the terminal in July 2024. [119] Two gates (B3 and C1) also opened that month. [110]

JetBlue operates two gates preferentially (B3 and B6), while Southwest operates five gates preferentially (B9, B12, B13, B14, and B17). American operates six of the nine new gates preferentially (B22-B27). [120] [121] Alaska Airlines operates ten gates in the terminal preferentially (B7-8, B10-11, B15-16, and B18-21). Three gates (B2, B4, and B5) are not assigned preferentially to any airline.

Terminal 2

Formerly known as the "Central Terminal", Terminal 2 is composed of Boarding Area D, which has 14 gates (D1, D3-D12 and D14-D16). Gates D2 and D13 do not exist as the numbers have been reserved for future development. [122] Between June 23, 2020 and October 8, 2024, Boarding Area C was also considered part of Terminal 2. [123]

Terminal 2 opened in 1954 as the main airport terminal. After a drastic rebuilding designed by Gensler, it replaced Rotunda A as SFO's international terminal in 1983 [124] [125] until it was closed for renovation after the current international terminal opened in 2000. The initial plan was to convert Terminal 2 for domestic travel and reopen it by fall 2001, but the loss of passenger traffic after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 put those plans on hold. The upper levels continued to be used as office spaces and for the airport's medical clinic, and the control tower remained in use. [126]

On May 12, 2008, a US$383,000,000(equivalent to $542,000,000 in 2023) renovation project was announced that included a new control tower, the use of green materials, a seismic retrofit, and an expansion from ten to fourteen gates. [126] [127] The terminal reopened for commercial travel on April 14, 2011, with Virgin America (later Alaska Airlines) and American Airlines sharing the new 14-gate common-use facility. [128] Approximately a week earlier, on April 6, 2011, Virgin America's ceremonial flight VX2001 was the first to arrive at the renovated Terminal 2, an Airbus A320 bearing founder Richard Branson with other invited celebrity guests, such as Buzz Aldrin, Rachel Hunter, and Gavin Newsom. VX2001 had rendezvoused with White Knight Two/SpaceShipTwo over Point Reyes before making a side-by-side landing. [129] The newly renovated terminal also designed by Gensler features permanent art installations from Janet Echelman, Kendall Buster, Norie Sato, Charles Sowers, and Walter Kitundu. [124] [130] [131] Transition zones (the immediate post-security line area for "passenger recomposure") and exit areas (where disembarking passengers may be greeted) were designed with generous space. [132] [133] Terminal 2 set accolades by being the first U.S. airport to achieve LEED Gold status. [134] Paolo Lucchesi, a local food critic, noted the sustainable food and dining program featuring local vendors and sources. [135] [136]

Following the construction of a new control tower in 2016, the tower and the offices above the terminal were demolished and new office space was constructed in their place. On February 14, 2020, a new public, outdoor observation deck, called SkyTerrace, was opened in the new office space. [137]

Until May 12, 2020, American's check-in counters were consolidated to T2, but its operations were split between Boarding Area D and Boarding Area C (linked via an airside connector). Following American's move to T1, the existing Admirals Club location was converted to an Alaska lounge, which has since closed. [138]

Air Canada and Breeze Airways have moved into Terminal 2 during 2022-Q1. As a result, all check-ins and departures from Air Canada are no longer operating at the International Terminal. Since 2023, United Airlines has operated some flights out of Boarding Area D.

Terminal 3

Terminal 3 interior San Francisco International Airport - April 2018 (0490).jpg
Terminal 3 interior

Formerly known as the "North Terminal", Terminal 3 is composed of Boarding Area E with 13 gates (gates E1-E13) and Boarding Area F with 18 gates (gates F5-F22). Terminal 3 is used for United Airlines' domestic flights. Mainline United and United Express flights use both boarding areas. [139]

This $82.44 million terminal was originally designed by San Francisco Airport Architects (a joint venture of John Carl Warnecke and Associates, Dreyfuss + Blackford Architecture, and minority architects). [140] The groundbreaking ceremony for the North Terminal was held on April 22, 1971, [141] and Boarding Area F opened in 1979 and Boarding Area E opened in 1981. [142] All terminals (except the International Terminal) were redesignated by number starting October 1, 2001. [143]

A solar roof was installed in 2007 with sufficient generating capacity to power all Terminal 3 lights during the day. [144] American Airlines [145] and Air Canada [146] occupied Boarding Area E until it closed for refurbishment in 2011 under the airport's FY 2010/11 – FY 2014/15 Capital Plan. Designed by Gensler, the renovation included architectural enhancements, structural renovations, replacement of HVAC systems, roof repair, and new carpeting. [147] Initial modest renovation plans were replaced by a more ambitious project after the popularity of the remodeling of Terminal 2. [148] After the completion of the US$138,000,000(equivalent to $177,610,000 in 2023) project, Boarding Area E reopened on January 28, 2014, followed by Terminal 3 East on November 18. [149] [150] [151] The project moved one gate from Boarding Area F to Boarding Area E to provide a total of ten aircraft parking positions at T3E. [152] Following a 2019 renumbering of all gates at SFO, three additional gates moved from Boarding Area F to Boarding Area E, with the latter now containing 13 gates. [122]

In 2020, airport officials postponed a planned renovation for Terminal 3 West. [153] After a four year delay, the $2.6 billion project broke ground in 2024. [40] [91] It will seismically retrofit part of Terminal 3, add the capability to handle international arrivals to up to four gates, renovate the check-in lobby, and expand the security checkpoint. [40] [154] The project also includes a replacement of the "bouncy" moving walkway in Terminal 3 that was installed in the 1970s using one continuous section of rubber. [40] [155]

There are two United Clubs in Terminal 3—one near the rotunda for Boarding Area F and another at the beginning of Boarding Area E. Terminal 3 also houses the American Express Centurion Lounge, located across from Gate F2.

International Terminal

The International Terminal International Terminal of San Francisco International Airport2.jpg
The International Terminal
Interior of the International Terminal check-in area SFO international int.jpg
Interior of the International Terminal check-in area

The International Terminal is composed of Boarding Areas A and G. Designed by Craig W. Hartman of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, the terminal opened in December 2000 to replace the International Departures section of Terminal 2. It is the largest international terminal in North America, and the largest building in the world built on base isolators to protect against earthquakes. [156] Food service focuses on quick service versions of leading San Francisco Bay Area restaurants, following other SFO terminals. Planners attempted to make the airport a destination in and of itself, not just for travelers passing through. [157] The international terminal is a common-use facility, with all gates and all ticketing areas shared among international airlines and several domestic carriers. Common-use terminal equipment (CUTE) is used at check-in counters and gates. [158] All international arrivals and departures are handled here (except flights from cities with customs preclearance). The International Terminal houses the airport's BART station, adjacent to the garage leading to Boarding Area G. The SFO Medical Clinic is located next to the security screening area of Boarding Area A. All gates in this terminal have at least two jetway bridges, except gates A3 and A12, which have one. Gates A1 and A2 can accommodate two aircraft. Six of the gates are designed for the Airbus A380, making SFO one of the first airports in the world with such gates when it was built in 2000. [159] Gate A11 has three jetways for boarding. [160] Four other gates have two jetways fitted for A380 service. [160]

The International Terminal completed a continuous ring of terminals, by filling in the last remaining gap to the west of then-existing terminals. Its geometry required that the terminal structure be built above the main access road, at enormous expense, including building dedicated ramps for connectivity to Highway 101. The design and construction of the international terminal was by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Del Campo & Maru Architects, Michael Willis Associates, and built by Tutor Perini (main terminal building), Hellmuth, Obata, and Kassabaum in association with Robin Chiang & Company, Robert B. Wong Architects, and built by Tutor Perini (Boarding Area G), and Gerson/Overstreet Architects and built by Hensel Phelps Construction (Boarding Area A). [156] The contracts were awarded after an architectural design competition.

United Airlines planes at the International Terminal in July 2022 18-JUL-2022 - UA837 SFO-NRT (B787-9 - N15969) (01).jpg
United Airlines planes at the International Terminal in July 2022

Most international flights operated by Star Alliance carriers, including all United international flights and select United domestic flights, are assigned to Boarding Area G's 14 gates (G1-G14). [161] Most international flights operated by SkyTeam, Oneworld, and non-aligned international carriers board and deplane at Boarding Area A's 15 gates (gates A1–A15). However, Star Alliance carriers Air India, Avianca El Salvador, Copa Airlines, TAP Air Portugal, and Turkish Airlines operate out of Boarding Area A. Boarding Area A is also used by domestic carriers Frontier Airlines, Sun Country Airlines, and Hawaiian Airlines. When all gates in an airline's designated international boarding area are full, the passengers will board or deplane from the opposite international boarding area or, in the case of Boarding Area A, the adjacent B gates. Aer Lingus, Flair Airlines, and WestJet operate from airports with United States border preclearance, allowing arriving passengers to skip the wait at customs and immigration when they arrive at SFO, and exit the airport from the departure level.

The two main designations for the International Terminal are "I", and "INTL" (abbreviations for "International"). Oftentimes travel itineraries will say "T-I", and this has led to instances where passengers misinterpret the "I" as Terminal 1, especially since both Boarding Area A and Boarding Area G are used for a limited number of domestic flights.[ who? ]

In 2024, the airport announced that the International Terminal would be renamed after the late senator and former mayor Dianne Feinstein. [162] The departures main hall is already named after the late mayor Ed Lee.

SFO Museum

SFO Museum entrance SFO Museum entrance.jpg
SFO Museum entrance

SFO Museum was created in 1980 as a collaboration between the San Francisco Airport Commission and the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco and was the first museum in an international airport. [163] It was accredited by the American Alliance of Museums in 1999, and contains both permanent artwork and temporary exhibitions in more than 20 galleries. The Aviation Museum and Library (officially, the San Francisco Airport Commission Aviation Library and Louis A. Turpen Aviation Museum) is located in the International Terminal, featuring a model of a DC-3. Other prominent installations include works by: [164] [165]

Frequent travelers and airline staff have reportedly told SFO Museum officials they make it a point to arrive to the airport early in order to view the galleries. [166]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinationsRefs
Aer Lingus Dublin [167]
Aeroméxico Guadalajara, Mexico City [168]
Air Canada Montréal–Trudeau, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver [169]
Air Canada Express Vancouver
Seasonal: Edmonton
[169]
Air China Beijing–Capital [170]
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle [171]
Air India Bangalore, Delhi, Mumbai [172]
Air New Zealand Auckland [173]
Air Premia Seoul–Incheon [174]
Alaska Airlines Austin, Boise, Boston, Burbank, [175] Cancún, Chicago–O'Hare, Everett, Honolulu, Kahului, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Newark, New York–JFK, Orange County, Orlando, Palm Springs, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Portland (OR), Puerto Vallarta, Redmond/Bend, Salt Lake City, San Diego, San José del Cabo, Seattle/Tacoma, Spokane, Washington–Dulles, Washington–National
Seasonal: Anchorage, Bozeman, Fort Lauderdale, Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo, Liberia (CR) (begins December 21, 2024), [176] Loreto, Mazatlán, Tampa
[177]
All Nippon Airways Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita [178]
American Airlines Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles, Miami, New York–JFK, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor [179]
American Eagle Los Angeles, Phoenix–Sky Harbor [179]
Asiana Airlines Seoul–Incheon [180]
Avianca El Salvador San Salvador [181]
Breeze Airways Cincinnati, Louisville, Provo, Richmond, San Bernardino
Seasonal: Grand Junction [182]
[183]
British Airways London–Heathrow [184]
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong [185]
China Airlines Taipei–Taoyuan [186]
China Eastern Airlines Shanghai–Pudong [187]
China Southern Airlines Guangzhou, [188] Wuhan [189]
Condor Seasonal: Frankfurt [190]
Copa Airlines Panama City–Tocumen [191]
Delta Air Lines Atlanta, Austin (begins June 8, 2025), [192] Boston, Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–JFK, Salt Lake City, Seattle/Tacoma [193]
Delta Connection Seattle/Tacoma [193]
Emirates Dubai–International [194]
EVA Air Taipei–Taoyuan [195]
Fiji Airways Nadi [196]
Flair Airlines Vancouver [197]
French Bee Papeete, Paris–Orly [198]
Frontier Airlines Atlanta, Burbank (begins November 21, 2024), [199] Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Eagle/Vail (begins December 21, 2024), [200] Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Ontario, Orange County, Palm Springs (begins December 12, 2024), [200] Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Portland (OR), Salt Lake City, San Diego
Seasonal: Detroit, Orlando
[201]
Hawaiian Airlines Honolulu, Kahului [202]
Iberia Seasonal: Madrid [203]
ITA Airways Seasonal: Rome–Fiumicino [204]
Japan Airlines Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita [205]
JetBlue Boston, Fort Lauderdale, New York–JFK [206]
KLM Amsterdam [207]
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon [208]
Level Seasonal: Barcelona [209]
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich [210]
Philippine Airlines Manila [211]
Porter Airlines Toronto–Pearson
Seasonal: Montréal–Trudeau [212]
[213]
Qantas Sydney [214] [215]
Qatar Airways Doha [216]
Scandinavian Airlines Copenhagen [217]
Singapore Airlines Singapore [218]
Southwest Airlines Baltimore (begins June 5, 2025), [219] Chicago–Midway, Denver, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Nashville (begins June 5, 2025), [219] Phoenix–Sky Harbor, San Diego, St. Louis [220]
Seasonal: Dallas–Love [221]
[222] [223]
Starlux Airlines Taipei–Taoyuan [224]
Sun Country Airlines Minneapolis/St. Paul [225]
Swiss International Air Lines Zürich [226]
TAP Air Portugal Lisbon [227]
Turkish Airlines Istanbul [228]
United Airlines Albuquerque, Atlanta, Auckland, Austin, Baltimore, Beijing–Capital, [229] Boise, Boston, Brisbane, Burbank, Calgary, Cancún, Chicago–O'Hare, Cleveland, Columbus–Glenn, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Detroit, [230] Eugene, Fort Lauderdale, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Honolulu, Houston–Intercontinental, Indianapolis, Kahului, Kailua-Kona, Kansas City, Las Vegas, Lihue, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Manila, Melbourne, Mexico City, Miami, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Munich, Nashville, Newark, New Orleans, Ontario, Orange County, Orlando, Osaka–Kansai, Papeete, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Pittsburgh, Portland (OR), Puerto Vallarta, Raleigh/Durham, Reno/Tahoe, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San José (CR) (begins May 22, 2025), [231] San José del Cabo, Santa Barbara, Seattle/Tacoma, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Singapore, St. Louis, [232] Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tampa, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver, Washington–Dulles, Washington–National
Seasonal: Amsterdam, Anchorage, Barcelona, [233] Belize City (begins December 21, 2024), [234] Bozeman, Christchurch, [235] [236] Jackson Hole, Liberia (CR), Medford, Montréal–Trudeau, [237] Palm Springs, Redmond/Bend, Rome–Fiumicino, Zürich
[238]
United Express Bakersfield, Boise, Bozeman, Burbank, Eugene, Eureka, Fresno, Medford, Monterey, Monterrey, [239] North Bend/Coos Bay, Ontario, Orange County, Palm Springs, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Portland (OR), Redding, Redmond/Bend, Reno/Tahoe, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Spokane, Tri-Cities (WA), Tucson
Seasonal: Aspen, Bishop, Calgary, Eagle/Vail, Glacier Park/Kalispell, Hayden/Steamboat Springs, Jackson Hole, Missoula, Montrose, Omaha, Sun Valley, Vancouver
[238]
Vietnam Airlines Ho Chi Minh City [240]
Virgin Atlantic London–Heathrow [241]
WestJet Calgary
Seasonal: Edmonton, [242] Vancouver
[243]
Zipair Tokyo Tokyo–Narita [244]

Cargo

AirlinesDestinations
ABX Air [245] Cincinnati, Los Angeles
Amazon Air Cincinnati, Fort Worth/Alliance
Asiana Cargo [246] Seoul–Incheon
China Airlines Cargo [247] Anchorage, Taipei–Taoyuan
DHL Aviation Cincinnati, Los Angeles, Seattle/Tacoma
EVA Air Cargo Taipei–Taoyuan
FedEx Express Fort Worth/Alliance, Memphis
Kalitta Air Los Angeles, Seoul–Incheon
Korean Air Cargo [248] Los Angeles, Seoul–Incheon
Nippon Cargo Airlines [249] Los Angeles, Tokyo–Narita
United Airlines Guam

Statistics

San Francisco International Airport passenger destinations San Francisco International Airport passenger destinations.png
San Francisco International Airport passenger destinations

Top destinations

Busiest domestic routes from SFO (January 2023 – December 2023) [250]
RankCityPassengersCarriers
1 Los Angeles, California 1,335,000Alaska, American, Delta, JetBlue, Southwest, United
2 New York–JFK, New York 992,000Alaska, American, Delta, JetBlue
3 Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois 887,000Alaska, American, United
4 Newark, New Jersey 877,000Alaska, United
5 Denver, Colorado 855,000Frontier, Southwest, United
6 Seattle/Tacoma, Washington 787,000Alaska, Delta, United
7 Las Vegas, Nevada 778,000Alaska, Frontier, Southwest, United
8 Boston, Massachusetts 676,000Alaska, Delta, JetBlue, United
9 Honolulu, Hawaii 604,000Alaska, Hawaiian, Sun Country, United
10 San Diego, California 604,000Alaska, Southwest, United
Busiest international routes from SFO (April 2023 - March 2024) [251]
RankAirportPassengers % Change from Jan'23 - Dec'23Change in RankCarriers
1 Taipei, Taiwan 1,227,207Increase2.svg 9.72%Steady2.svgChina Airlines, EVA Air, Starlux Airlines, United
2 London–Heathrow, United Kingdom 1,056,444Increase2.svg 1.52%Steady2.svgBritish Airways, United, Virgin Atlantic
3 Vancouver, Canada 797,027Increase2.svg 0.42%Steady2.svgAir Canada, Flair, United, WestJet
4 Seoul-Incheon, South Korea 683,711Increase2.svg 1.01%Steady2.svgAsiana Airlines, Korean Air, United
5 Frankfurt, Germany 596,880Decrease2.svg 4.06%Steady2.svgCondor, Lufthansa, United
6 Toronto, Canada 579,544Increase2.svg 4.30%Increase2.svg 1Air Canada, Porter, United
7 Singapore, Singapore 575,113Decrease2.svg 2.29%Decrease2.svg 1Singapore Airlines, United
8 Hong Kong, Hong Kong 560,708Increase2.svg 17.13%Increase2.svg 1Cathay Pacific, United
9 Tokyo-Narita, Japan 516,009Increase2.svg 4.01%Decrease2.svg 1All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines, United, Zipair Tokyo
10 Mexico City, Mexico 481,336Increase2.svg 6.07%Steady2.svgAeromexico, United

Airline market share

Largest airlines at SFO
(July 2022 – June 2023)
[252]
RankAirlinePassengersShare
1 United Airlines 21,904,97147%
2 Alaska Airlines 5,766,74212%
3 Delta Air Lines 3,709,6128%
4 American Airlines 2,961,6756%
5 Southwest Airlines 1,997,3784%

Traffic numbers

Annual passenger traffic at SFO airport. See Wikidata query.
Traffic by calendar year [253]
YearRankEnplaned and
deplaned passengers
ChangeAircraft movementsCargo (tonnes)
199840,101,387432,046598,579
199940,387,538Increase2.svg 0.7%438,685655,409
2000941,048,996Increase2.svg 1.8%429,222695,258
20011434,632,474Decrease2.svg 15.6%387,594517,124
20021931,450,168Decrease2.svg 9.2%351,453506,083
20032229,313,271Decrease2.svg 6.8%334,515483,413
20042132,744,186Increase2.svg 8.8%353,231489,776
20052333,394,225Increase2.svg 2.0%352,871520,386
20062633,581,412Increase2.svg 0.5%359,201529,303
20072335,790,746Increase2.svg 6.6%379,500503,899
20082137,402,541Increase2.svg 4.5%387,710429,912
20092037,453,634Increase2.svg 0.1%379,751356,266
20102339,391,234Increase2.svg 5.2%387,248384,179
20112241,045,431Increase2.svg 4.2%403,564340,766
20122244,477,209Increase2.svg 8.4%424,566337,357
20132244,944,201Increase2.svg 1.2%421,400325,782
20142147,074,162Increase2.svg 4.9%431,633349,585
20151550,067,094Increase2.svg 6.2%429,815389,934
20162353,106,505Increase2.svg 6.1%450,388420,086
20172455,832,518Increase2.svg 5.1%460,343491,162
20182557,793,313Increase2.svg 3.5%470,164500,081
20192457,488,023Decrease2.svg 0.5%458,496546,437
2020N/A16,427,801Decrease2.svg 71.4%231,163439,358
2021N/A24,343,627Increase2.svg 48.2%265,597528,792
2022N/A42,281,641Increase2.svg 73.7%355,006491,192
2023N/A50,196,094Increase2.svg 18.7%384,871484,100

Ground transportation

Transit

BART train at SFO station in 2020 Train at SFIA station, February 2020.jpg
BART train at SFO station in 2020

The AirTrain is a landside people-mover system that connects each terminal, the two international terminal garages, the BART station, the Grand Hyatt hotel, the airport's Rental Car Center, and the Long-Term Parking garage. The AirTrain is fully automated and free to ride. [254] [255]

Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) serves the airport at San Francisco International Airport station, located west of the International Terminal. The trains connect the airport directly to San Francisco, Oakland, and numerous other cities across the San Francisco Bay Area.

San Mateo County's transit agency, SamTrans, serves the airport with several routes. Buses stop at the arrivals/baggage claim level of the domestic terminals and in courtyard A or G in the International Terminal.

BART trains and SamTrans buses also connect San Francisco International Airport to Caltrain with a transfer at Millbrae station. Millbrae will also be the connection between SFO and California High-Speed Rail; the station will be renamed to Millbrae–SFO station on the High Speed Rail line to coincide with the dual functionality of the station. [256]

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the airport provided free shuttle bus service to and from the South San Francisco Ferry Terminal, connecting with San Francisco Bay Ferry services from Alameda and Oakland. [257]

Numerous door-to-door "shared ride" van and hotel courtesy shuttles stop at the center transportation island on the departure level, while Marin Airporter buses and limousines are on the arrivals/baggage claim level of the airport. Charter services are also available in the courtyards.

Car

Bird's-eye view of the airport. A spaghetti junction connects the passenger terminal roads to US Route 101. Aerial view of San Francisco International Airport 2010.jpg
Bird's-eye view of the airport. A spaghetti junction connects the passenger terminal roads to US Route 101.

The airport is located on U.S. Route 101, 13 miles (21 km) south of downtown San Francisco. It is near the US 101 interchange with Interstate 380, a short freeway that connects US 101 with Interstate 280. Short term parking is located in the central terminal area and two international terminal garages. Long term parking is located on South Airport Blvd. and San Bruno Ave. [258]

Passengers can also park long-term at a select number of BART stations that have parking lots, with a permit purchased online in advance. [259]

Taxi

Taxis depart from designated taxi zones located at the roadway center islands, on the Arrivals/Baggage Claim Level of all terminals. [260]

Ride app services such as Uber and Lyft are available via their respective mobile app. The designated ride app pickup area for domestic terminals is on the fifth floor of the adjacent garage. The designated pickup area for the International Terminal is on the Departures/Check-In Level roadway center island.

Other facilities

SFO is home to one of the largest single aircraft maintenance bases in the world with complete MRO base operations (maintenance, repair, overhaul, painting, welding, machine shop, tool and die, parts manufacturing, fabrication, engineering, and retrofitting (Boeing and Airbus certified, among others)). It serves as the principal Global MRO Base for United Airlines and serves over 40 other airlines, military customers, and aircraft lease operators. [261] [262] [263] [264]

The eastern side of the airfield is dominated by the Superbay, a 420,550-square-foot (39,070 m2) maintenance hangar capable of holding four 747s. Originally constructed in the 1970s, the facility is shared by United Airlines and American Airlines. [265]

Nippon Cargo Airlines has its San Francisco branch on the airport property. [266]

Prior to its merger that formed AirWest, Pacific Air Lines had its corporate headquarters on the grounds of the airport. [267] Hughes Airwest, the successor to Air West, also had its headquarters on the grounds of the airport. [268]

The United States Coast Guard operates Coast Guard Air Station San Francisco with its ramp and buildings near the cargo terminal, operating six MH-65 Dolphin helicopters.

The United States Postal Service had an Air Mail Facility (AMF), later an International Service Center (ISC) located on Airport property.

Wag Brigade

On December 3, 2013, SFO launched a “Wag Brigade” program to bring a pack of trained therapy dogs to the terminals to calm nervous fliers and make passenger travel more enjoyable. In 2016, Lilou, a Juliana-breed therapy pig joined the Wag Brigade. Carefully selected for their temperament and airport suitability, the comfort canines wear vests that read "Pet Me!" which identify them. [269]

Accidents and incidents

JAL002 ditched in shallow water short of SFO JAL flight 2 22-November-1968 (cropped).jpg
JAL002 ditched in shallow water short of SFO
The wreckage of Asiana Airlines Flight 214 after it crashed while landing on July 6, 2013 NTSBAsiana214Fuselage2.jpg
The wreckage of Asiana Airlines Flight 214 after it crashed while landing on July 6, 2013

See also

Notes

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    Eugene Airport, also known as Mahlon Sweet Field, is a public airport 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Eugene, in Lane County, Oregon, United States. Owned and operated by the City of Eugene, it is the fifth-largest airport in the Pacific Northwest.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Albuquerque International Sunport</span> Airport in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States

    Albuquerque International Sunport, locally known as the Sunport, is the primary international airport serving the U.S. state of New Mexico, particularly the Albuquerque metropolitan area and the larger Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Los Alamos combined statistical area. It handles around 5.4 million passengers annually and over 400 flights daily. ABQ is located in Bernalillo County, between the Rio Grande and the Sandia Mountains, east of Old Town and Barelas, 3 miles (5 km) southeast of downtown, south of the University of New Mexico and directly to the west of Sandia National Laboratories and Kirtland Air Force Base.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Barbara Municipal Airport</span> Municipal airport in Goleta, California, United States

    Santa Barbara Municipal Airport is 7 miles west of downtown Santa Barbara, California, United States. The airfield covers 948 acres (384 ha) of land and has three runways.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Las Américas International Airport</span> Airport in the Dominican Republic

    Las Américas International Airport is an international airport located in Punta Caucedo, near Santo Domingo and Boca Chica in the Dominican Republic. The airport is run by Aeropuertos Dominicanos Siglo XXI (AERODOM), a private corporation based in the Dominican Republic, under a 25-year concession to build, operate, and transfer (BOT) six of the country's airports. Las Américas usually receives a wide variety of long-, mid-, and short-haul aircraft. Santo Domingo's other airport, La Isabela, is much smaller and used by smaller aircraft only.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Hilo International Airport</span> Airport in Hilo, Hawaii, United States

    Hilo International Airport, formerly General Lyman Field, is a regional airport located in Hilo, Hawaiʻi, United States. Owned and operated by the Hawaii Department of Transportation, the airport serves windward (eastern) Hawaiʻi island including the districts of Hilo, Hāmākua and Kaʻū, and Puna. It is one of two international airports serving Hawaiʻi island, the other being Kona International Airport on the leeward (western) side.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Monterey Regional Airport</span> Regional airport in Monterey, California

    Monterey Regional Airport is three miles (5 km) southeast of Monterey, in Monterey County, California, United States. It was created in 1936 and was known as the Monterey Peninsula Airport until the board of directors renamed it on September 14, 2011.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Billings Logan International Airport</span> Public airport in Billings, Montana, United States

    Billings Logan International Airport is in the western United States, two miles northwest of downtown Billings, in Yellowstone County, Montana. It is the fourth busiest airport in Montana, having been surpassed in recent years by Bozeman, Missoula, and Flathead County (Kalispell) in number of annual enplanements. Owned by the city of Billings, the airport is on top of the Rims, a 500-foot (150 m) cliff overlooking the downtown core, and covers 2,500 acres of land.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">McNary Field</span> Airport

    McNary Field is in Marion County, Oregon, United States, two miles southeast of downtown Salem, which owns it. The airport is named for U.S. Senator Charles L. McNary of Oregon, who had died in February 1944, a couple of years after the airport became operational.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Palm Springs International Airport</span> International airport in Palm Springs, California, United States

    Palm Springs International Airport, formerly Palm Springs Municipal Airport, is an airport two miles east of downtown Palm Springs, California, United States. The airport covers 940 acres and has two runways. The facility operates year-round, with most flights occurring in the fall, winter, and spring.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Kenai Municipal Airport</span> Airport

    Kenai Municipal Airport is a city-owned, public-use airport located in Kenai, a city in the Kenai Peninsula Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport</span> Municipal airport in Sonoma County, California, United States

    Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport is a domestic airport located 7 miles (11 km) northwest of downtown Santa Rosa, California, in Sonoma County, California, United States.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Roberts Field</span> Airport in Redmond serving Central Oregon, United States

    Redmond Municipal Airport is in Deschutes County, Oregon, United States. It is owned and operated by the city of Redmond, Oregon.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2007 San Francisco International Airport runway incursion</span> Aircraft incident in Northern California in 2007

    The 2007 San Francisco International Airport runway incursion occurred around 1:36 p.m. PDT on May 26, 2007, when SkyWest Airlines Flight 5741, an Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia turboprop aircraft, nearly collided with Republic Airways Flight 4912, an Embraer 170 Regional Jet, at the intersection of Runways 1L and 28R at San Francisco International Airport (SFO).

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Air Canada Flight 759</span> 2017 aviation incident

    On July 7, 2017, an Airbus A320-211 operating as Air Canada Flight 759 was nearly involved in an accident at San Francisco International Airport in San Mateo County, California, United States. The flight, which originated at Toronto Pearson International Airport, had been cleared by air traffic control to land on runway 28R and was on final approach to land on that runway; however, instead of lining up with the runway, the aircraft had lined up with the parallel taxiway, on which four fully loaded and fueled passenger airplanes were stopped awaiting takeoff clearance. The flight crew initiated a go-around prior to landing, after which it landed on 28R without further incident. The aircraft on the taxiway departed for their intended destinations without further incident. The subsequent investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determined that the Air Canada airplane descended to 59 feet (18 m) above the ground before it began its climb, and that it missed colliding with one of the aircraft on the taxiway by 14 feet (4.3 m).

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