United Express

Last updated

United Express
United Express logo.svg
Founded1985;39 years ago (1985)
Hubs
Frequent-flyer program MileagePlus
Alliance Star Alliance (affiliate)
Fleet size 449
Parent company United Airlines Holdings
Headquarters Chicago, Illinois
Key people Scott Kirby (CEO)
Website united.com

United Express is the brand name for the regional branch of United Airlines, under which five individually owned regional airlines operate short- and medium-haul feeder flights.

Contents

On October 1, 2010, UAL Corporation and Continental Airlines merged to form United Continental Holdings, the holding company for the newly merged United Airlines. On June 27, 2019, United Express changed its parent company name from United Continental Holdings to United Airlines Holdings. [1] As of 2024, 449 aircraft fly under the United Express brand.

History

United Express's 1985-1993 logo United Express logo (c. 1980).svg
United Express's 1985–1993 logo
United Express's 1993-1997 logo United Express logo (c. 1990).svg
United Express's 1993–1997 logo
United Express's 1997-2010 logo United Express logo (c. 2000).svg
United Express's 1997–2010 logo

Major airlines in the United States had long maintained relationships with regional carriers which fed passengers from small markets to larger cities. The Airline Deregulation Act spurred industry consolidation both vertically and horizontally, and as the hub system became more pronounced, airlines formalized these relationships through code sharing, shared branding, and listing regional partners in computer reservations systems. On May 1, 1985, United formally partnered with Air Wisconsin, Horizon Air, and WestAir as United Express, feeding its hubs at Chicago–O'Hare, Seattle International Airport, and San Francisco International Airport. Aspen Airways soon joined the United Express system in 1986 feeding United's hub at Denver–Stapleton. Aspen was dismantled in 1990 being sold to Air Wisconsin and Mesa Airlines. Horizon Air was bought out by Alaska Airlines in 1987 at which time Horizon's contract as United Express was cancelled and a new carrier, North Pacific Airlines (NPA), was established by WestAir to service the Seattle hub as well as hubs at Portland, Spokane, and Boise. NPA was merged into its parent, WestAir, in 1991. San Juan Airlines of Seattle and SouthCentral Air of Anchorage, Alaska, also operated as United Express from 1987 through 1989.

In 1988, Presidential Airways became a United Express carrier for United's new hub at Washington Dulles International Airport, but soon floundered. In response, WestAir formed an eastern division to serve Dulles. [2] WestAir itself experienced turmoil; in 1991 it spun off the new division into an independent company, Atlantic Coast Airlines (ACA), which years later would go on to become Independence Air.

In 1990, Mesa Airlines took over all of the United Express routes from Denver formerly operated by Aspen Airways except the Denver to Aspen route which went to Air Wisconsin. Mesa also added a number of new routes from Denver as well. In 1992 Mesa created a new division called California Pacific Airlines to begin new United Express service from the Los Angeles hub. In 1995 Mesa took over all United Express routes at the Seattle and Portland hubs formerly operated by WestAir. Mesa Airlines contract operating as United Express was cancelled in 1998 at which time Air Wisconsin and Great Lakes Airlines took over the Denver routes while SkyWest took over the Los Angeles, Seattle, and Portland routes.

In 1992, Great Lakes Airlines became a United Express partner, followed by Trans States Airlines the following year. In 1997, as United officially designated Los Angeles International Airport one of its hubs, SkyWest Airlines became a United Express partner as well. Great Lakes left the United Express system in early 2002, although it continued to do codeshare flights until they ceased operations in 2018.

A United Express BAe 146-300 in the 1985-1993 livery at Washington Dulles International Airport in 1990, behind a mainline Douglas DC-8 and McDonnell Douglas DC-10. British Aerospace BAe-146-300A, United Express (Air Wisconsin) AN0230660.jpg
A United Express BAe 146-300 in the 1985–1993 livery at Washington Dulles International Airport in 1990, behind a mainline Douglas DC-8 and McDonnell Douglas DC-10.
A United Express Jetstream 31 painted in the 1993-2004 livery photographed at Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport British Aerospace BAe-3101 Jetstream 31, United Express (Atlantic Coast Airlines) AN0208771.jpg
A United Express Jetstream 31 painted in the 1993–2004 livery photographed at Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport
A United Express Bombardier CRJ700 painted in the 2004-2010 livery at one of United Express's hubs, Chicago's O'Hare International Airport GoJet CRJ-700 ORD N159GJ.jpg
A United Express Bombardier CRJ700 painted in the 2004–2010 livery at one of United Express's hubs, Chicago's O'Hare International Airport

In 1993, Trans States Airlines started United Feeder Service (UFS), to operate British Aerospace BAe ATP aircraft for United Airlines. The aircraft, originally owned by Air Wisconsin, were transferred and subsequently owned by United. UFS operated routes to Chicago O'Hare (ORD) from close markets in the U.S. Upper Midwest. UFS was eliminated from the United Express carrier network in 1999 and disappeared.

When United declared for Chapter 11 reorganization in 2002, it pressured its regional partners for reduced fees. In 2004, ACA canceled its contract and reinvented itself as low-cost carrier Independence Air. The next year, Air Wisconsin unsuccessfully bid to retain its flying contract, though it did retain some ground-handling United Express operations. To compensate, United initiated new service agreements with Colgan Air, Trans States subsidiary GoJet Airlines, and Republic Airways Holdings subsidiaries Chautauqua Airlines and Shuttle America. Trans States Airlines. Mesa Airlines was also reinstated into the United Express system.

In 2005, United announced that service levels on major United Express routes would be upgraded to a new product called explus. Routes with explus service offer First Class seats and meal service on larger, 70-seat Embraer 170s and 66-seat Bombardier CRJ700s. [3] Expanding the traditional regional partner role, United started to use the airplanes configured with explus amenities instead of, or alongside with, mainline jets on routes linking large cities, such as Chicago to Houston.

United announced a new Express focus city at San Antonio International Airport in 2006, but the experiment was short-lived. Trans States was the carrier operating the San Antonio operation.

United decided to cancel Dash 8 and CRJ200 service with Mesa Airlines in November 2009. [4] On November 16, 2009, it was announced that ExpressJet would begin operating Embraer ERJ 145s beginning in the spring of 2010. [5] Mesa Airlines continued service using CRJ700 regional jets and added the Embraer 175 in 2015.

Two United Express Bombardier CRJ200s painted in the 2010-2019 livery at Denver International Airport United Express Bombardier CRJ 200s at Denver International Airport.jpg
Two United Express Bombardier CRJ200s painted in the 2010-2019 livery at Denver International Airport

All Continental Express and Continental Connection service officially merged into United Express in late 2010 including that of Cape Air which was operating as Continental Connection on behalf of Continental Micronesia in Guam. Silver Airways was also a Continental Connection carrier that converted to United Express using turbo prop aircraft. Silver operated throughout Florida as well as routes from Washington Dulles Airport however their affiliation as United Express ended in 2013.

On April 1, 2012, Pinnacle Airlines Corp. filed for bankruptcy and announced it would draw down its Colgan Air operation. In May, United reached a deal with Republic Airways Holdings for its subsidiary Republic Airways to fly the Q400 in Colgan's place. The eight-year capacity purchase agreement included all 28 aircraft previously operated by Colgan as well as four currently flown by Republic for Frontier Airlines.

In August 2015, United announced the start of a new subsidiary, United Ground Express, to provide ground operation service in select airports within its domestic network. [6]

By September 2016, Republic Airways’ Q400s were phased out of service, replacing them with 50 more Embraer 175s. [7]

On February 27, 2017, United Airlines announced the return of their partnership with Air Wisconsin as a United Express carrier. They would be flying a fleet of 65 Bombardier CRJ200s beginning second-half 2017.

In September 2017, the Q300 was phased out, [8] and in January 2018, the Q200 was phased out. [9] These were the final prop aircraft in the United Express system within the United States.

On April 16, 2018, United Airlines announced the end of its partnership with Cape Air. Services ended on May 31, 2018, which marked the end of United Express operations in Guam, along with the retirement of the last turboprop aircraft in the United Express fleet. [10]

In March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Trans States Airlines announced that it would be ceasing operations on April 1, 2020, ending its operations as United Express. [11]

On July 30, 2020, it was announced that United Airlines had decided to end its contract with ExpressJet and transferred these operations to CommuteAir. ExpressJet continued its operations until September 30, 2020, and CommuteAir became the sole operator of the United Express Embraer ERJ 145 fleet. [12] [13]

In August 2022, Air Wisconsin announced that it would again be leaving the United Express brand and transferring exclusively to American Eagle. The transition started in March 2023. [14]

A United Express Embraer 175 painted in the current livery at Toronto Pearson International Airport ERJ 175 Toronto.jpg
A United Express Embraer 175 painted in the current livery at Toronto Pearson International Airport

As of 2023, five airlines remain as United Express feeder carriers: CommuteAir, GoJet, Mesa Airlines, Republic Airways, and SkyWest Airlines. Most of these carriers now have routes spanning the entire United States with regional jets. SkyWest serves a number of small cities that are subsidized by the federally funded Essential Air Service program as well as other local and state governments. [15]

Destinations

Bus service

United Express bus service connects Beaumont/Port Arthur to George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH). This service began after Colgan Air-operated Saab 340 turboprop flights ended on July 1, 2012, [16] and this bus service continues as of 2018 with several trips a day. [17]

United Express also has a bus service from Lehigh Valley International Airport (ABE) to Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR). [18] Continental Airlines, which later merged into United in 2010, previously operated flights from Allentown to Newark but switched to a bus service in 1995 due to constant delays from air traffic control. [19] It is 79 miles (127 km) long. As of 1997 the service was eight times daily. [20] By 2010 the bus was the only form of service offered by Continental after it cancelled its Allentown to Cleveland flights. [19]

Fleet

United Express CRJ700 at Dulles International Airport in 2018 N513MJ IAD (45924834624).jpg
United Express CRJ700 at Dulles International Airport in 2018
United Express ERJ 145 in 2010 Embraer EMB-145XR (ERJ-145XR), United Express (ExpressJet Airlines) AN1834492.jpg
United Express ERJ 145 in 2010

As of April 2024, the combined United Express-branded fleet consists of the following regional jet aircraft:[ citation needed ]

United Express fleet
AirlineAircraftIn fleetOrdersPassengersNotes
FY+YTotal
CommuteAir Embraer ERJ 145 5764450
GoJet Airlines Bombardier CRJ550 6110202050
Mesa Airlines Embraer 175 3112322670
4712164876
Republic Airways Embraer 170 266164870To be transferred to Envoy Air
Embraer 175 4612164876
SkyWest Airlines Bombardier CRJ200 735050
Bombardier CRJ700 136164870To be transferred to Delta Connection
Embraer 175 3034 [21] 12322670
65164876
Total44934

Former fleet

Historical regional jet fleet
AircraftTotalIntroducedRetiredNotes
BAe 146-100 419882004Operated by Air Wisconsin and Aspen Airways
BAe 146-200 1919852006Operated by Air Wisconsin and WestAir Commuter Airlines
BAe 146-300 519882006Operated by Air Wisconsin
Bombardier CRJ100 420052008Operated by Mesa Airlines
220092016Operated by SkyWest Airlines
120192019Operated by ExpressJet
Dornier 328 2319982003Operated by Air Wisconsin
Embraer ERJ 135 920102018Former Continental Express, operated by ExpressJet
Retired Embraer 145 aircraft stored at Kingman Airport Kingman Airport boneyard - Stored United Airlines regional jets.jpg
Retired Embraer 145 aircraft stored at Kingman Airport
Historical turboprop fleet

The United Express brand, through its various regional and commuter airline partners, operated a variety of twin turboprop aircraft over the years including the following types.

AircraftTotalIntroducedRetiredNotes
ATR 42 320102018Operated by Cape Air in Guam only
BAe ATP 1019932000Operated by United Feeder Service
BAe Jetstream 41 4119932004Operated by Atlantic Coast Airlines
Beechcraft 1900D 4519952013Operated by Great Lakes Airlines and Silver Airways
Bombardier Dash 8-200 119961997Operated by Mesa Airlines
220032010
Bombardier Dash 8-300 719951996Operated by Mesa Airlines
Bombardier Q200 219961997Operated by Mesa Airlines
720032010
1620102018Former Continental Connection, operated by CommutAir
Bombardier Q300 520112017Operated by CommutAir
Bombardier Q400 3320102016Operated by Colgan Air and Republic Airways
de Havilland Canada Dash 8-100 519931995Operated by Atlantic Coast Airlines
de Havilland Canada Dash 8-300 219891990Operated by Presidential Airways
Dornier 328 2119982003Operated by Air Wisconsin
Embraer EMB 120 10319902015Operated by Great Lakes Airlines, SkyWest Airlines, WestAir Commuter Airlines
Saab 340 3220042012Operated by Colgan Air and Shuttle America
Former United Express Fokker F27 operated by Air Wisconsin Fokker F-27-500 Friendship, United Express (Air Wisconsin) AN0199463.jpg
Former United Express Fokker F27 operated by Air Wisconsin

Accidents and incidents

Related Research Articles

SkyWest Airlines is an American regional airline headquartered in St. George, Utah. SkyWest operates and maintains aircraft used on flights that are scheduled, marketed and sold by four partner mainline airlines. The company is contracted by Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, and United Airlines. In all, it is the largest regional airline in North America when measured by fleet size, number of passengers carried, and number of destinations served.

Continental Connection was the brand name under which several commuter airline carriers and their holding companies operated services marketed exclusively by Continental Airlines. As such, all Continental Connection banner carrier services were operated primarily with turboprop aircraft in contrast to Continental Express, whose flights were operated by Continental's regional jet partners, ExpressJet and Chautauqua Airlines. Continental Connection operations were merged into Continental Express in 2012.

CommuteAir is a regional airline of the United States founded in 1989. Today, CommuteAir operates more than 1,600 weekly flights, exclusively on behalf of United Express, serving over 75 U.S. destinations and 3 in Mexico. CommuteAir's fleet of Embraer ERJ 145 aircraft fly from its bases at Washington–Dulles and Houston–Intercontinental. The company was previously called CommutAir until July 26, 2022, when it legally changed its name to the present-day CommuteAir.

Mesaba Aviation, Inc. was a regional airline in the United States that operated from 1944 until it merged with Pinnacle Airlines in 2012 to form Endeavor Air. It was based in Eagan, Minnesota From 2010 to 2012, the airline was a wholly owned subsidiary of Pinnacle Airlines Corp. with code sharing flights operated as Delta Connection for Delta Air Lines and US Airways Express for US Airways. Previously, the airline operated code sharing service as Northwest Airlink and Northwest Jetlink on behalf of Northwest Airlines which subsequently merged with Delta. Mesaba also previously operated connecting flight services in association with Republic Airlines before this air carrier was subsequently merged into Northwest. Mesaba Airlines effectively ceased operations on January 4, 2012, when all aircraft and personnel were transitioned to the Pinnacle Airlines operating certificate. Mesaba's operating certificate was surrendered on July 31, 2012.

Continental Express was the brand name used by a number of independently owned regional airlines providing commuter airliner and regional jet feeder service under agreement with Continental Airlines. In 2010 at the time of Continental's merger with United Airlines, two carriers were operating using the Continental Express brand name:

Mesa Airlines, Inc., is an American regional airline based in Phoenix, Arizona. It is an FAA Part 121–certificated air carrier operating under air carrier certificate number MASA036A issued on June 29, 1979. It is a subsidiary of Mesa Air Group and operates flights as United Express via respective code sharing agreements with United Airlines. It serves more than 180 markets in the Western Hemisphere. In a 1997 article from the Journal of Air Transportation, Mesa's safety record was noted as having the fewest incidents among domestic regional airlines at that time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lafayette Regional Airport</span> Airport in Lafayette Parish, Louisiana

Lafayette Regional Airport(French: Aéroport régional de Lafayette) is a public use airport two miles (4 km) southeast of Lafayette, in Lafayette Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is owned and operated by the City Parish of Lafayette.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Telluride Regional Airport</span> Airport

Telluride Regional Airport is a public airport six miles west of Telluride, in San Miguel County, Colorado, United States. It is owned by the Telluride Regional Airport Authority. At an elevation of 9,078 feet above sea level, it was the highest commercial airport in North America with scheduled passenger flights when Great Lakes Airlines resumed scheduled passenger service in December 2016; however, those flights ceased in March 2018. In August 2018, commercial service returned with the introduction of Boutique Air, and the airport remains the highest airfield in the U.S. with scheduled passenger flights, and the second highest overall airfield in the US behind Leadville Airport. Denver Air Connection is currently the only airline flying scheduled passenger flights from Telluride with daily nonstop flights to Denver and Phoenix. Denver Air operates the Fairchild-Dornier 328JET into Telluride. The 328JET is one of the few regional jet airliners in service capable of operating at such high field elevations as TEX.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great Lakes Airlines</span>

Great Lakes Airlines was an American regional airline operating domestic scheduled and charter services. Corporate headquarters were in Cheyenne, Wyoming, with a hub at Denver International Airport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Regional airline</span> Classification of scheduled air carrier

A regional airline is a general classification of airline which typically operates scheduled passenger air service, using regional aircraft, between communities lacking sufficient demand or infrastructure to attract mainline flights. In North America, most regional airlines are classified as "fee-for-departure" carriers, operating their revenue flights as codeshare services contracted by one or more major airline partners. A number of regional airlines, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s, were classified as commuter airlines in the Official Airline Guide (OAG).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shuttle America</span> Defunct regional airline of the United States (1995–2018)

Shuttle America Corporation was a regional airline in the United States based in Indianapolis, Indiana,. It fed United Airlines flights at Chicago O'Hare International Airport (ORD) and Houston George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) under the United Express brand, as well as Delta Air Lines flights at Atlanta (ATL), New York-LaGuardia (LGA), and New York-JFK under the Delta Connection brand. Shuttle America also operated two of three Delta Shuttle East Coast routes, serving Washington, D.C., and Chicago from New York-LaGuardia.

Skyway Airlines was an American ramp and aircraft ground handling services and catering company based in Oak Creek, Wisconsin. Until April 5, 2008, it operated as a regional airline and banner carrier exclusively for Midwest Express Airlines under the business name Midwest Connect, feeding Midwest's hub at General Mitchell International Airport with twelve 32-seat Fairchild-Dornier 328JET regional jet aircraft, and four 19-seat Beechcraft 1900 commuter turboprops. Skyway Airlines, along with its parent corporation, Midwest Air Group, has since ceased operations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manhattan Regional Airport</span> Airport

Manhattan Regional Airport in Riley County, Kansas, United States, is the second-busiest commercial airport in Kansas. Owned by the city of Manhattan, Kansas, the airport is located about five miles southwest of downtown Manhattan. American Airlines via its American Eagle affiliate serves the airport with five daily regional jet flights, with two nonstops to Chicago O'Hare International Airport (ORD) and three nonstops to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW). The airport also accommodates general aviation and charter flights for the military and college sports teams, being conveniently located four miles east of Fort Riley and eight miles southwest of Kansas State University's athletic complex).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Four Corners Regional Airport</span> Airport in Farmington, New Mexico, USA

Four Corners Regional Airport is in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States, in the city of Farmington, which owns it. It is a Class D towered general aviation airport with no commercial passenger services, but has chartered flight services, flight instruction, and a full-service fixed-base operator]] (FBO). It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2019–2023, in which it is categorized as a regional general aviation facility.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Fe Regional Airport</span> Airport

Santa Fe Regional Airport is a public use airport in Santa Fe, Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States, 10 miles (16 km) southwest of the city center. The airport serves the greater Santa Fe and Los Alamos areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand Junction Regional Airport</span> Airport in Grand Junction, Colorado

Grand Junction Regional Airport is three miles (4.8 km) northeast of Grand Junction, in Mesa County, Colorado, United States. Owned by the Grand Junction Regional Airport Authority, it is the largest airport in western Colorado and third largest in the state, behind Denver International Airport and Colorado Springs Airport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Durango–La Plata County Airport</span> Airport in Durango, Colorado, USA

Durango–La Plata County Airport is a city- and county-owned public airport 12 miles southeast of Durango, in La Plata County, Colorado.

ExpressJet Airlines was a regional airline in the United States that operated from 1987 until 2022. It was headquartered in College Park, Georgia. The company began as Britt Airways and flew exclusively as Continental Express, the contracted codeshare partner for Continental Airlines. The name was changed to ExpressJet at the beginning of 1995 as the company began acquiring regional jets, replacing its fleet of turboprop aircraft. Along with flying as Continental Express, ExpressJet expanded flying under the Delta Connection brand from 2007 through 2008 and again from 2012 through 2018. Service as American Eagle was flown between 2012 and 2019 and service under the United Express brand began in 2009. ExpressJet also flew an independent operation under their own brand in 2007 through 2008. When Continental Airlines merged into United Airlines in 2012, the Continental Express operations were added to the United Express service. In September 2020, it exited the fee-for-departure airline market and temporarily ceased flights after the conclusion of its contract with its sole remaining mainline partner, United Airlines. In September 2021, ExpressJet resumed operations as both an air charter provider and a regional airline under its own brand aha!—short for "Air-Hotel-Adventure." The brand's route structure focused on the West Coast of the United States with a hub at Reno-Tahoe International Airport, and scheduled flights began on October 24, 2021. The airline, including its brand aha!, filed for bankruptcy on August 23, 2022, having ceased all operations the previous day. In July 2023, the airline announced plans to relaunch as an air charter service using a single leased Boeing 777.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Britt Airways</span> Defunct regional airline of the United States (1964–1996)

Britt Airways was a regional airline in the United States that operated from 1964 until it merged with ExpressJet in 1996. It was established as Vercoa Air Service in 1964 and renamed to Britt Airlines when it was purchased by William and Marilyn Britt in 1975 later on Britt Airways. It was based in Terre Haute, Indiana until 1996. It began as a commuter airline. It primarily operated turboprop aircraft but also flew British Aircraft Corporation BAC One-Eleven twinjets as an independent air carrier at one point as well. The airline evolved into a regional air carrier operating code share flights primarily for Continental Airlines.

Delta Connection is a brand name for Delta Air Lines, under which a number of individually owned regional airlines primarily operate short- and medium-haul routes. Mainline major air carriers often use regional airlines to operate services via code sharing agreements in order to increase frequencies in addition to serving routes that would not sustain larger aircraft as well as for other competitive or operational reasons.

References

  1. "United Airlines Strips 'Continental' from parent company's name". Bloomberg News . June 27, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
  2. "Ridgelines: iHistory – The Story of an Airline (1989–2004)". ridgelines.org. Archived from the original on December 1, 2008.
  3. "United Express features". Archived from the original on December 24, 2010. Retrieved November 20, 2009.
  4. "Mesa Air Group, Inc. Announces Update on CRJ-200s Operating at United Airlines". November 6, 2009.
  5. "United Airlines Announces New Partnership With ExpressJet". November 16, 2009. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved November 20, 2009.
  6. Sokolow, Jesse (August 10, 2015). "United Airlines Launches United Ground Express". Frequent Business Traveler. Archived from the original on July 19, 2017.
  7. Bhaskara, Vinay (September 17, 2014). "ANALYSIS: United Express to Eliminate Q400 fleet; Add More E175s". Archived from the original on October 9, 2016.
  8. "CommutAir ends Q300 operations". October 30, 2017. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
  9. "CommutAir becomes all-jet, phases out its last DHC-8-200 Dash 8". January 10, 2018. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
  10. Sablan, Jerick (April 16, 2018). "United to change flights between Guam and Saipan June 1". Archived from the original on June 9, 2019.
  11. Jacob Barker (March 17, 2020). "Regional carrier Trans States Airlines to stop flying April 1 as airlines reel from coronavirus". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
  12. "United to drop contract with ExpressJet, dealing fatal blow". Reuters. July 30, 2020. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  13. Wolfsteller2020-08-24T16:32:00+01:00, Pilar. "ExpressJet to cease operations on 30 September". Flight Global.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  14. Burns, Jelissa (August 23, 2022). "Greenville-based Air Wisconsin leaves United Airlines for new agreement with American Airlines" . Retrieved April 2, 2023.
  15. United Airlines timetables and multiple issues of the Official Airline Guide
  16. Collier, Kiah (September 22, 2012). "Small airports struggle as major carriers pull back". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
  17. ACS. "Charter to Jack Brooks Rgnl Airport" . Retrieved May 8, 2018.
  18. "United Archived 2016-10-27 at the Wayback Machine ." Lehigh Valley International Airport. Retrieved on October 27, 2016. "Non Stop to:[...]Newark"
  19. 1 2 Karp, Gregory (May 4, 2010). "Airlines merger could halt bus flight". The Morning Call . Archived from the original on December 28, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
  20. Wade, Betsy (December 14, 1997). "PRACTICAL TRAVELER; When the Plane Is Really a Bus". The New York Times . Retrieved October 27, 2016.
  21. "SkyWest Orders 19 E175s For United Service | Aviation Week Network". aviationweek.com.
  22. "ASN Aircraft accident Convair CV-580 N5808 Durango-La Plata Airport, CO (DRO)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
  23. Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network
  24. Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network
  25. Aulbach, Lucas. "Video shows man forcibly removed from United flight from Chicago to Louisville". The Courier-Journal. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
  26. Bucher, Chris (April 11, 2017). "David Dao: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know". Heavy.com. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
  27. National Transportation Safety Board Aviation Accident Final Report (Report). National Transportation Safety Board. July 12, 2022. DCA19FA089. Retrieved July 20, 2022.