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Founded | 2 December 1930 incorporated as E.W. Wiggins Airways | ||||||
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Hubs | Manchester-Boston Regional Airport (MHT) | ||||||
Fleet size | 15 | ||||||
Parent company | Ameriflight (2014-2024) | ||||||
Headquarters | Leominster, Massachusetts Norwood, Massachusetts Manchester, New Hampshire | ||||||
Key people | Elmer W. Wiggins Paul Halter | ||||||
Website | wiggins-air |
Wiggins Airways is a long-lived American aviation company that pursued many lines of business during its existence, including:
The business was incorporated in Massachusetts on 2 December 1930 as E.W. Wiggins Airways, Inc. by president Elmer W. Wiggins, with its principal office in Leominster. The proposed business of the corporation was a many-hundred word comprehensive description of apparently every type of aviation-related business, covering everything from gliders to helicopters (a dozen years before the first mass-produced helicopter) to dirigibles and rocketships, including manufacturing, leasing, operating, financing, fueling, sales and more. [1] Starting in the 1930s, Wiggins was a fixed base operator, including pilot instruction. During World War II it built aircraft parts and trained pilots for the military. [2] By 1944, the company had moved to Norwood. [3]
In June 1946, the CAB certificated Wiggins as a local service carrier to fly several passenger routes between Boston and Albany. Founder Elmer Wiggins died just prior to the public hearings for the CAB case that produced the certification. [2] The company wanted to use Douglas DC-3s for the routes, but was frustrated by lack of adequate airports. In 1949, the CAB said it would accept the use of smaller aircraft. After Wiggins experimented with several types, it was found that the four-passenger Cessna T-50 was able to safely operate into the rudimentary airports available and climb fast enough to scale mountainous territory. While a twin-engine aircraft, it was of wood and fabric construction, unattractive to passengers. [4]
See External links for a link to a photo of Wiggins Airways aircraft of this era.
Scheduled service finally started on 19 September 1949. [5] The basic problem for Wiggins was that few flew the carrier. Even after the airline had been further developed, in 1951 and 1952, an average of fewer than 10 people boarded Wiggins per day, across the whole system. Since passenger revenue was extremely low, the postal subsidy (by which all local service carriers were then supported) was unacceptably high per pound of mail. This was the same basic problem that the CAB had faced previously with both Florida Airways in 1949 and Mid-West Airlines in 1952, and had the same result. In a decision reached in October 1952, the CAB said it would not renew the Wiggins certification. In the same decision, it allowed that there was intrinsic demand from Albany to Boston, just not the way Wiggins was flying, and handed a route between the two to Mohawk Airlines. As with the 1952 decision to not extend Mid-West's certification, the five members of the Board split 3–2, with the same minority members with the same dissenting opinion: Wiggins deserved a shot at flying DC-3s and could be expected eventually to do well with them. [4]
Wiggins and the states of New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont plus several New England cities asked for reconsideration, but in July 1953 the Board affirmed its decision. [6] Wiggins flew its last scheduled flight on July 31, 1953. [7] Wiggins was the last of three local service carriers (of the 19 that initiated CAB-certificated service) to have the CAB refuse to renew their certificates. [8] However, unlike Florida Airways and Mid-West, Wiggins did not liquidate as a result, having other healthy lines of business. [7]
Wiggins was drawn to New Hampshire by flying feeder cargo aircraft for Federal Express and UPS Airlines. This started in the 1980s and by 1990 Wiggins had contracts at Manchester-Boston Regional Airport (MHT) with both UPS and Federal Express. [9] (The same year, the airline officially changed its name to Wiggins Airways, Inc.) [10] This led the airline to buy Stead Aviation, an MHT fixed base operator, in 1997, with the intention of moving the airline to Manchester. [11] Wiggins built a new headquarters, general aviation terminal and hangar, opening the complex in 1999. [12] Wiggins opened a new aviation fuel farm at MHT in 2004. [13] In the same year, the company finally reincorporated in New Hampshire. [14]
Wiggins Airways was bought out by its employees in the creation of an Employee Share Ownership Plan in 1985. Wiggins currently employs over 160 people.
In December 2014, Ameriflight acquired Wiggins Airways (at the time comprising 48 aircraft and 100 employees), which resulted in Ameriflight becoming the largest regional air cargo carrier in the world, with 218 aircraft. [15] [16] Ameriflight elected not to continue to operate Wiggins' FBO and airline service departments, selling those departments to Signature Flight Support. [17]
While Signature Flight Support operates fueling and deicing services to aircraft flying into Manchester Boston Regional Airport, Wiggins Airways does maintenance on their fleet, as well as servicing the airlines that serve the airport and general aviation aircraft.
On June 1, 2024, Ameriflight announced it would transition Wiggins to becoming simply an operating base of Ameriflight. [18]
1987-88 World Airline Fleets (copyright 1987) lists the E.W. Wiggins Airways dba Wiggins Airways with a fleet as follows, the Cessna Caravan noted as being flown for Federal Express: [19]
As of 3 June 2024, the Federal Aviation Administration lists Wiggins as flying 12 Beechcraft 99s and three Cessna Caravans under Part 135 of the Federal Aviation Regulations, the Caravans with Fedex registrations. [20]
The route map from Wiggins time as a scheduled airline in 1949–1953 is shown above.
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Local service carriers, or local service airlines, originally known as feeder carriers or feeder airlines, were a category of US domestic airline created/regulated by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), the now-defunct federal agency that tightly regulated the US airline industry 1938–1978. Initially 23 such airlines were certificated from 1943 to 1949 to serve smaller US domestic markets unserved/poorly served by existing domestic carriers, the trunk carriers, which flew the main, or trunk, routes. However, not all of these started operation and some that did later had their certificates withdrawn. One other carrier was certificated in 1950 as a replacement. "Feeder airline" alludes to another purpose, that such airlines would feed passengers to trunk carriers. It was expected that a significant number of passenger itineraries would involve a connection between a local service carrier and a trunk carrier.
Florida Airways was a brief-lived United States local service carrier, also known as a feeder airline. On March 28, 1946, the US Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), the now defunct federal agency that, at that time, tightly regulated almost all US commercial air transportation, certificated Thomas E. Gordon, dba Orlando Airlines to provide air service from Orlando, Florida to points in central and north Florida for a three-year period. Gordon beat out competition from trunk carrier National Airlines and from another local service carrier, Southern Airways, for the routes. Gordon owned a fixed-base operator at Orlando Cannon Mills Airport.
Mid-West Airlines was a Des Moines, Iowa-based local service carrier, a scheduled airline certificated by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), the now-defunct Federal agency that at the time tightly regulated almost all US air transportation, to fly smaller routes in Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, and South Dakota. It was briefly owned by a Purdue University affiliate before being liquidated after the CAB refused to extend the airline's initial certification. It was one of three local service carriers that failed to have initial certification extended by the CAB, the other two being Florida Airways and Wiggins Airways.
Standard Airways operated intermittently from 1946 through 1969 as a small supplemental air carrier a type of US airline regulated by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), the now-defunct US federal agency that tightly regulated airlines from 1938 to 1978. From 1964 onward, a supplemental air carrier was a charter airline. Until 1964, such airlines were charter/scheduled hybrids and Standard Airways did operate some scheduled services. The airline went bankrupt in 1964 and did not operate again until 1966 with new investors. It converted to jets but then ceased flying again on August 1, 1969. Many attempts were made to restart the airline until the CAB finally revoked its certificate in 1975.
Resort Airlines was an unusual United States scheduled international airline certificated in 1949 by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), the now-defunct Federal agency that, at the time, tightly regulated almost all commercial air transport in the United States. Resort's scheduled authority was restricted to offering all-expenses paid escorted tours to nearby foreign destinations, known as sky cruises. Resort could offer conventional charter service but no other scheduled service. The market for sky cruises was limited and quite unprofitable, so the vast majority of Resort's business was charters, and for several years, only charters. At the time, the US did not have pure charter carriers, but rather supplemental air carriers, which at the time had a limited ability to offer scheduled service. Since Resort was functionally a pure charter carrier, it had in some ways the most restrictive certificate in the US airline industry. The airline ceased operations in 1960 at which time it tried selling its certificate to Trans Caribbean Airways. But in 1961 the CAB rejected the deal and revoked the moribund carrier's certificate.
The generically-named U. S. Airlines was one of the first scheduled cargo airlines to operate in the United States, awarded a certificate by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) in July 1949 in the same proceedings that awarded certificates to Flying Tiger Line and Slick Airways. Flying Tiger and Slick were given transcontinental freight routes, U. S. Airlines was given north-south routes east of the Mississippi. The CAB picked U. S. Airlines over competitors in significant part because it was well capitalized. U. S. Airlines started certificated service 1 October 1949. The airline spent the time before its certification flying freight on east coast routes.
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