North Central Airlines

Last updated
North Central Airlines
North Central Airlines Logo, April 1979.svg
IATA ICAO Callsign
NCNCNORTH CENTRAL
Founded1944 (1944)
(as Wisconsin Central Airlines)
Commenced operations1952 (1952)
(as North Central Airlines)
Ceased operationsJuly 1, 1979 (1979-07-01)
(merged with Southern Airways to become Republic Airlines)
Hubs
Headquarters
Key people
Wisconsin Central Airlines Douglas DC-3 Douglas DC-3, Wisconsin Central Airlines JP6994441.jpg
Wisconsin Central Airlines Douglas DC-3

North Central Airlines was a regional airline in the Midwestern United States. Founded as Wisconsin Central Airlines in 1944 in Clintonville, Wisconsin, the company moved to Madison in 1947. This is also when the "Herman the duck" logo was born on Wisconsin Central's first Lockheed Electra 10A, NC14262, in 1948. [1] North Central's headquarters were moved to Minneapolis–St. Paul in 1952. [2]

Contents

Following a merger with Southern Airways in 1979, North Central became Republic Airlines, which in turn was merged into Northwest Airlines in 1986. Northwest Airlines was then merged into Delta Air Lines in 2010.

History

Wisconsin Central Airlines

In 1939 the Four Wheel Drive Auto Company (FWD), a major manufacturer of four-wheel transmissions and heavy-duty trucks based in Clintonville, Wisconsin, opened a flight department and traded a company truck for a Waco biplane for their company's use. [3] In 1944 company executives decided to start an airline named Wisconsin Central Airlines, and service started between six Wisconsin cities in 1946. This led the company to buy two Cessna UC-78 Bobcats, and, soon after, three Lockheed Electra 10As. Certificated flights started with Electras to 19 airports on 25 February 1948; more revenue allowed three more Electra 10As, then six Douglas DC-3s.

Post-Wisconsin Central history

In 1952 the airline moved their headquarters from Wisconsin to Minneapolis, Minnesota; that December their name became North Central Airlines. [4] [5] Soon the airline ran into financial trouble when President Francis Higgins left, making Hal Carr the president. Carr quickly got the company out of debt and made it more reliable. Over time the company expanded their fleet to 32 DC-3s.

A growing airline

Revenue passenger traffic, in millions of passenger-miles (scheduled flights only) [6]
YearPax-Miles
195115
195567
1960169
1965268
1970778
19751029

In October 1952 Wisconsin Central scheduled flights to 28 airports, all west of Lake Michigan, from Chicago to Fargo and Grand Forks. It added Detroit in 1953, Omaha, and the Dakotas in 1959, Denver in 1969, and nonstop flights from Milwaukee to New York LaGuardia in 1970. It added five Convair 340s from Continental Airlines to its fleet of DC-3s, the first ones entering service in 1959. In 1960 North Central hit the one million passenger mark; in May 1968, it flew to 64 airports, including two in Canada. Turbine flights with Convair 580 turboprops began in April 1967. [7] The airline then initiated jet service 160 days later with new McDonnell Douglas DC-9 series 30 aircraft in September 1967. [8]

North Central DC-9-31 at Toronto's Malton Airport in 1971 Douglas DC-9-31 N960N N.Central TOR 26.03.71l edited-2.jpg
North Central DC-9-31 at Toronto's Malton Airport in 1971

Like other local service airlines, North Central was subsidized; in 1962 its "revenue" of $27.2 million included $8.5 million "Pub. serv. rev." [9]

The airline worked with the U.S. government to aid troubled airlines in South America. The first of five Douglas DC-9-31s entered service in September 1967 and the piston-powered Convair 340s and Convair 440s were all converted to Convair 580s with turboprop engines; the airline also acquired more DC-9s and was operating 29 Convair 580s. [10] The last DC-3 flight was early 1969; NC was the last local service carrier to use it.

In 1969 North Central Airlines moved its headquarters to the south side of Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport; in 2009 the building was the Building C Maintenance and Administrative Facility of Northwest Airlines. [11] It is now used by Delta Air Lines after its 2008 merger with Northwest.

The Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) classified North Central as a "local service carrier," flying to cities in one region and feeding passengers to larger "trunk airlines" that flew nationwide. North Central eventually was allowed a few routes outside the Midwest: to Washington, D.C.-National, New York-LaGuardia, Boston, Denver, and Tucson. After deregulation of the airline industry, North Central expanded and began operating McDonnell Douglas DC-9-50s, its largest jet aircraft type.

Mergers

North Central purchased Atlanta-based Southern Airways and the two airlines formed Republic Airlines in July 1979, the first merger following airline deregulation. [12] Republic soon targeted San Francisco-based Hughes Airwest for acquisition, [13] and the deal was finalized in October 1980 for $38.5 million. [14] Saddled with debt from two acquisitions and new aircraft, the airline struggled in the early 1980s, [15] and even introduced a human mascot version of Herman the Duck. [16] [17]

Republic kept North Central's hubs at Detroit and Minneapolis, and Southern's hub at Memphis. Within a few years, they closed the former Hughes Airwest hub at Phoenix and also largely dismantled the Hughes Airwest route network in the western U.S.; they also reduced North Central's sizeable station at Chicago-O'Hare. Southern's sizeable station was also reduced at Hartsfield at Atlanta. Republic also quickly downsized North Central's operations to and among smaller airports in the upper Midwest, concentrating their fleet at the Detroit and Minneapolis hubs.

In 1986, Republic merged with Northwest Orient Airlines, [18] which was also headquartered at Minneapolis and had a large operation at Detroit, which ended the legacy of Wisconsin Central and North Central. Following the merger, the new airline became Northwest Airlines (dropping the "Orient"), which merged into Delta Air Lines in 2008. Once the merger was finalized in early 2010, the Northwest Airlines brand fully retired with the Delta Air Lines name surviving as the successor to North Central Airlines.

Codes

When North Central Airlines started operations, the company's ICAO code was "NOR"; this was later changed to "NCA". When ICAO went from three to two characters, North Central became "NC", the same as its IATA code.[ citation needed ]

Destinations in June 1979

According to its June 8, 1979 system timetable, North Central was operating 130-passenger seat McDonnell Douglas DC-9-50 and 100-passenger seat McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 jets as well as 48-passenger seat Convair 580 turboprops with service to the following destinations in the U.S. and Canada shortly before the acquisition of and merger with Southern Airways was completed thus resulting in the formation of Republic Airlines in July 1979: [19]

Domestic U.S. destinations

Canadian destinations

According to the route map in the aforementioned June 8, 1979 system timetable, North Central's network stretched from as far west as Tucson to as far east as Boston and as far north as Winnipeg to as far south as Miami with such cities as Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Denver, Detroit, Fort Lauderdale, Houston, Kansas City, Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York City, Omaha, Philadelphia, Syracuse, Tampa, Toronto and Washington D.C. also being served at this time.

Fleet

Two North Central CV-580 aircraft at Chicago's O'Hare Airport in 1973 North Central Airlines CV-580 N4825C.jpg
Two North Central CV-580 aircraft at Chicago's O'Hare Airport in 1973
North Central Airlines historical fleet
AircraftTotalIntroducedRetiredRemark
Cessna UC-78 Bobcat 219461946NC51401, NC63662
operated by Wisconsin Central Airlines [20]
Lockheed Model 10 Electra 619481951operated by Wisconsin Central Airlines [21]
Douglas DC-3 3219511969 [22]
Convair CV-340 / Convair CV-440 341959196932 aircraft were converted to Convair CV-580 [23]
Convair CV-580 3519671979 [24]
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-31 2219671979 [25]
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-51 1919761979 [26]

Accidents and incidents

See also

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On December 20, 1972, North Central Airlines Flight 575 and Delta Air Lines Flight 954 collided on a runway at O'Hare International Airport in Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. Ten people died – all on the North Central aircraft – and 17 were injured in the accident. This was the second major airliner accident to happen in Chicago in December 1972; the other was United Airlines Flight 553, which crashed twelve days earlier on approach to Midway Airport.

References

  1. ↑ World Airline Directory. Flight International. March 20, 1975."482.
  2. ↑ "World Airline Directory." Flight International . 22 April 1978. p. 1181. "Head Office: 7500 Northliner Drive, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55450, USA."
  3. ↑ "Northwest Airlines nwa.com – About Northwest – NWA Up Close". www.nwa.com. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  4. ↑ "Right off the tape". Milwaukee Sentinel. February 17, 1953. p. 5, part 2.
  5. ↑ "Northwest Historical Timeline 1950's." Northwest Airlines. Retrieved on December 30, 2009.
  6. ↑ Handbook of Airline Statistics (biannual CAB publication)
  7. ↑ Aviation Week 20 March 1967
  8. ↑ "Ceiling Unlimited: The Story of North Central Airlines" by Robert J. Serling, page 188, Walsworth Publishing Company
  9. ↑ Moody's Transportation Manual 1964
  10. ↑ Gradidge, 1997, p. 105
  11. ↑ "Northwest Historical Timeline 1960's." Northwest Airlines. Retrieved on December 30, 2009.
  12. ↑ "North Central, Southern Airlines merger gets final OK from Carter". Milwaukee Sentinel. UPI. June 5, 1979. p. 5-part 2.
  13. ↑ "Republic looking at Airwest". The Milwaukee Journal. March 12, 1980. p. 17.
  14. ↑ "Republic Airlines takes over Hughest Airwest on Oct. 1". Deseret News. UPI. September 18, 1980. p. 10B.
  15. ↑ Sussman, Lawrence (December 15, 1981). "Republic's financial woes leave Milwaukee vulnerable". Milwaukee Journal. p. 12-part 2.
  16. ↑ "Duck the issue? Airline promoters try anything". Free-Lance Star. Fredericksburg, Virginia. Associated Press. April 8, 1982. p. 5.
  17. ↑ Ehrenhalt, Lizzie (December 19, 2011). "The amazing journey of Herman the Duck, Minnesota's goofiest historic artifact". Twin Cities Daily Planet. Minnesota Historical Society.
  18. ↑ "Northwest-Republic merger creates third-largest carrier". Miami News. Associated Press. August 1, 1986. p. 9A.
  19. ↑ https://www.northwestairlineshistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/NOR-schedule-1979-06-08.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
  20. ↑ "Cessna Bobcat". hermantheduck.org. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  21. ↑ "Lockheed Model 10 Electra". hermantheduck.org. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  22. ↑ "Douglas DC-3". hermantheduck.org. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  23. ↑ "Convair 440". hermantheduck.org. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  24. ↑ "Convair 580". hermantheduck.org. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  25. ↑ "McDonnell Douglas DC-9". hermantheduck.org. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  26. ↑ "McDonnell Douglas DC-9-51". hermantheduck.org. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  27. ↑ KELO-TV Website – Our History (http://www.keloland.com/ourhistory/ )
  28. ↑ "Midair crash kills 3 near Mitchell Field". Milwaukee Sentinel. August 5, 1968. p. 1-part 1.
  29. ↑ Williams, Edward D. (August 5, 1968). "US begins to probe midair crash here". The Milwaukee Journal. p. 1-part 1.
  30. ↑ "NTSB Accident Report NTSB-AR-69-04, July 8, 1969, p. 1-2" (PDF). Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  31. ↑ "Bugs hurt visibility, air crash pilot says". The Milwaukee Journal. August 6, 1968. p. 1-part 1.
  32. ↑ Roesslein, Kenneth (August 6, 1968). "Heroic pilot confident of safe landing". Milwaukee Sentinel. p. 1-part 1.
  33. ↑ Thien, Alex (November 21, 1968). "Midair crash 'was avoidable'". Milwaukee Sentinel. p. 5, part 1.
  34. ↑ "airdisaster.com". Archived from the original on 7 January 2009. Retrieved 26 June 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  35. ↑ "NTSB Accident Report NTSB-AR-70-27, November 12, 1970, p. 6" (PDF). Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  36. ↑ "Hijacking Description 19700423-0". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  37. ↑ Lubenow, Thomas G. (June 30, 1972). "Why did 2 planes collide over lake?". The Milwaukee Journal. p. 1-part 1.
  38. ↑ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Convair CV-580 N90858 Appleton, WI". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  39. ↑ "Aircraft Accident Report North Central Airlines, Inc., Allison Convair 340/440 (CV-580), N90858, and Air Wisconsin, Inc., DHC-6, N4043B, Near Appleton, Wisconsin, June 29, 1972" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. April 25, 1973. NTSB-AAR-73-09. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  40. ↑ "Witnesses describe June air crash". The Milwaukee Journal. September 20, 1972. p. 11-part 1.
  41. ↑ NTSB Accident Report NTSB-AR-73-09 (PDF) (Report). National Transportation Safety Board. April 25, 1973. Archived from the original on October 4, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2013.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  42. ↑ "11 are killed in crash of Airliner in Chicago". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. December 21, 1972. p. 1.
  43. ↑ "Aircraft Accident Report...Dec 20, 1972" (PDF). NTSB . Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  44. ↑ "AAR-79-04" (PDF). www.airdisaster.com. NTSB. Archived from the original on 2005-10-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  45. ↑ "43 survive plane crash". Spokesman-Review. Spokane. Associated Press. July 26, 1978. p. 2.
  46. ↑ "43 survive North Central plane crash". Telegraph-Herald. Dubuque, Iowa. UPI. July 25, 1978. p. 13.
  47. ↑ photo
  48. ↑ "Photo: No fatalities in plane crash". Gadsden Times. Gadsden, Alabama. July 25, 1978. p. 1.
  49. ↑ "Blame pilot in North Central crash". Milwaukee Sentinel. February 24, 1979. p. 7-part 1.
  50. ↑ "NTSB Accident Report NTSB-AR-79-04, February 22, 1979" (PDF). Retrieved 26 June 2017.

Bibliography

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