The paramilitary forces of China are the military units and formations apart from the People's Liberation Army, the principal military force of the People's Republic of China. They are composed of three main forces, the People's Liberation Army reserve force, the People's Armed Police (PAP), and the Militia, and they act as auxiliaries to the active forces of the People's Liberation Army. They generally perform a wide range of roles. All together, the paramilitary has 98,854,000 troops[ citation needed ], as of 2018. [1]
The People's Armed Police Force [2] [a] is a Chinese paramilitary organization [3] : 121 primarily responsible for internal security, riot control, counter-terrorism, disaster response, law enforcement and maritime rights protection [4] as well as providing support to the People's Liberation Army (PLA) during wartime. [5] : 87
Unlike the civilian People's Police, [b] the PAP [c] is a specialized paramilitary force reporting directly to the Central Military Commission (CMC). PAP officers and soldiers wear dark olive green uniforms, different from pine green uniforms of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force (PLAGF) or the light blue and black uniforms of the People's Police.The 1984 Military Service Law stipulated the combination of the militia and the reserve service system. Military training for senior middle-school and college and university students commenced in 1984 as China sought to provide additional qualified reserve service officers. The reserve force consisted primarily of the militia and was organized into reserve-service divisions and regiments.
In 1987 China began to make reference to the National Defense Reserve Force, which apparently consisted of reserve soldiers (including all militia, demobilized soldiers, and specialized technical personnel registered for reserve service) and reserve officers (including demobilized officers and soldiers assigned to reserve officer service, college and university graduates, and civilian officials and specialized technicians). The Reserve, as of 2016, is made up of 510,000 reserve personnel of all ranks.
The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (新疆生产建设兵团; abbreviated as 新疆兵团 or XJBT [8] ), also known as Bingtuan, trading with the external name China Xinjian Group, [9] is a state-owned enterprise and paramilitary organization in China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
The XJBT was established in 1954 under the orders of Mao Zedong, and developed sparsely populated areas in its early decades, taking the model of the traditional tuntian system of setting military units in frontier areas. The XJBT was severely damaged during the Cultural Revolution, and was outright abolished in 1975, before being re-established in 1981, partly due to the Soviet-Afghan War. It re-established its economic dominance over Xinjiang afterwards, also being responsible for maintenance against the "three evils" (separatism, religious extremism, and terrorism). In its history, the XJBT has built farms, towns, and cities, provided land and employment to disbanded military units, and re-settled Han migrants from other parts of China in what has been called a campaign of assimilation.
The People's Armed Police Force is a Chinese paramilitary organization primarily responsible for internal security, riot control, counter-terrorism, disaster response, law enforcement and maritime rights protection as well as providing support to the People's Liberation Army (PLA) during wartime.
The Central Military Commission (CMC) is the highest military leadership body of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Republic of China (PRC), which heads the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the People's Armed Police (PAP), and the Militia of China.
Law enforcement in China consists of an extensive public security system and a variety of enforcement procedures used to maintain order in the country. Along with the courts and procuratorates, the country's judicial and public security agencies include the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) and the Ministry of State Security (MSS), with their descending hierarchy of departments, bureaus, subbureaus, and stations.
The People's Liberation Army Ground Force (PLAGF), also referred to as the PLA Army, is the land-based service branch of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), and also its largest and oldest branch. The PLAGF can trace its lineage from 1927 as the Chinese Red Army; however, it was not officially established until 1948.
The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, also known as Bingtuan, trading with the external name China Xinjian Group, is a state-owned enterprise and paramilitary organization in China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
Type 07 is a group of military uniforms used by all branches of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the paramilitary Chinese People's Armed Police Force. Introduced in 2007, the Type 07 uniforms replaced the Type 87 service uniforms used by regular units and the Type 97 Service Dress uniforms of the People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison and the People's Liberation Army Macau Garrison. The Type 07 uniforms were first seen in late June 2007 during a celebration ceremony for the 10th anniversary of the Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong.
The Xinjiang Military District (新疆军区) is a special military area of the PLA at the Theater Deputy-grade.(副战区级). It is one of three districts that are directly under the Central Military Commission and its Joint Army Staff rather than under their Theater Command
The national security of China is the coordination of a variety of organizations, including law enforcement, military, paramilitary, governmental, and intelligence agencies that aim to ensure China's national security. China considers three factors in its national security: national sovereignty, security, and development interests.
Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Radio and Television is a provincial satellite television station in Xinjiang, China, administered by the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (Bingtuan). It runs a television channel called Bingtuan Satellite Television (兵团卫视), which started its 24-hour satellite broadcasting through Sinosat-3 on 7 October 2007.
Song Hanliang was a Chinese politician, notable for being the Party Secretary of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regional Committee of the Chinese Communist Party during the economic reform era.
The Militia or Militia of China is the militia part of the armed forces of China, the other two parts being the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and the People's Armed Police (PAP). The Militia is under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and serves as an auxiliary and reserve force for the PLA. It is one of the largest militias in the world.
The 1st Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps is a para-military formation of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
The 7th Division is a division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) based in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture and Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. It is an economic and paramilitary unit formed in 1953 from the former 25th Infantry Division of the 9th Army of the 22nd Corps of the PLA. The 7th Agricultural Construction Division of the XPCC was approved and renamed to the present 7th Division of the XPCC in 2012. The division is composed of 10 regiments and a direct managed farm, and headquartered in Kuytun City.
The 8th Division is a division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) distributed over Shihezi and Karamay cities, Manas and Shawan counties, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. It is an economic and paramilitary unit formed in 1953 from the former 26th Infantry Division of the 9th Army of the 22rd Corps of the PLA. The 8th Agricultural Construction Division was approved and renamed to the present 8th Division of the XPCC in 2012. The division is composed of 14 regiments, and headquartered in Shihezi City, it merges work in one official with Shihezi City. The Shihezi Reclamation Area of the 8th Division has an area of 5,851 square kilometers with a total population of 696,900 and a permanent population of 661,300, of that, the Shihezi City has an area of 460 square kilometers with a total population of 448,100 and a permanent population of 437,900. In the year of 2018, GDP of the 8th Division was CN¥54.85 billion, and the GDP per capita CN¥82,584 (US$12,480).
The 121st Regiment of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (新疆生产建设兵团第121团), also known as the 121st Regiment of the XPCC (兵团121团), together with its reclamation area, commonly known as the 121st Regiment Farm (兵团121团场), is an economic and paramilitary formed unit, that is part of the 8th Division (兵团八师). The regiment was formerly known as the 75th Regiment of the 25th Infantry Division of the 9th Army of the 22nd Corps of the PLA. The 122nd Regiment was amalgamated into the regiment in June 2006. The regiment is headquartered in Paotai Town (炮台镇) in Shawan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, it is composed of 37 agricultural construction companies. As of the 2010 census, its population was 38,320.
Paotai is an unincorporated town (非建制镇) located in Shawan County, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, it is known for the seat of 121st Regiment headquarters of the 8th Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The town is 213 km away from Urumqi in the east, 78 km from Shihezi in the southeast, 110 km from Karamay in the northwest, and 120 km from Kuitun in the southwest. The county-level road of Guxin Line (县道古新线) and the Keyu Expressway cross the territory, and connected with contact line, its traffic is very convenient.
The 50th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China took place on 1 October 1999. A military parade was held in Tiananmen Square in Beijing and various celebrations were conducted all over the country. China's paramount leader Jiang Zemin inspected the troops along Chang'an Avenue in Beijing. This parade was immediately followed by a civilian parade.
The People's Police is the national civilian police force of the People's Republic of China. Police in China have a variety of roles in addition to enforcing the law, they are also responsible for the maintenance of social stability, and in this sense policing in China performs not just a law enforcement function but a political function as well. The majority of national police forces are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Security (MPS).
Yang Fulin is a former Chinese military officer and politician who served as deputy commander of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 2015 to 2017. He was investigated by China's top anti-graft agency in July 2021.
Liu Xinqi is former Chinese military officer and politician who served as commander of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 2011 to 2017, until he was investigated by the party's anti-graft watchdog and China's top anti-corruption agency.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Country Studies. Federal Research Division. Archived 2012-05-23 at archive.today | General | |||||||||
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