Lanzhou 兰州市 | |
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Lanzhou skyline Chanyuan Temple | |
Coordinates(Gansu People's Government): 36°03′38″N103°49′36″E / 36.0606°N 103.8268°E | |
Country | China |
Province | Gansu |
County-level divisions | 8 |
Municipal seat | Chengguan District |
Government | |
• Type | Prefecture-level city |
• Body | Lanzhou Municipal People's Congress |
• CCP Secretary | Zhang Xiaoqiang |
• Congress Chairman | Zhang Jianping |
• Mayor | Liu Jianxun [1] |
• CPPCC Chairman | Li Hongya |
Area | |
13,086.9 km2 (5,052.9 sq mi) | |
• Urban | 2,432.9 km2 (939.3 sq mi) |
• Metro | 1,112.9 km2 (429.7 sq mi) |
Population (2020 census) [2] | |
4,359,446 | |
• Density | 330/km2 (860/sq mi) |
• Urban | 3,474,858 |
• Urban density | 1,400/km2 (3,700/sq mi) |
• Metro | 3,042,863 |
• Metro density | 2,700/km2 (7,100/sq mi) |
GDP [3] | |
• Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 209.6 billion US$ 33.7 billion |
• Per capita | CN¥ 56,972 US$ 9,147 |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Postal code | 730000 |
Area code | 931 |
ISO 3166 code | CN-GS-01 |
License plate prefixes | 甘A |
Website | www |
Lanzhou | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Simplified Chinese | 兰州 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 蘭州 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Postal | Lanchow | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | "Orchid [Hills] Prefecture" [4] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Lanzhou [a] is the capital and largest city of Gansu province in northwestern China. [6] Located on the banks of the Yellow River,it is a key regional transportation hub,connecting areas further west by rail to the eastern half of the country. Historically,it has been a major link on the Northern Silk Road and it stands to become a major hub on the New Eurasian Land Bridge. The city is also a center for heavy industry and petrochemical industry.
Lanzhou is the third largest city in Northwest China after Xi'an and Urumqi. [7] Lanzhou is also an important center for scientific research and education in Northwestern China after Xi'an. The city is one of the top 60 major cities in the world by scientific research output as tracked by the Nature Index. [8] It hosts several research institutions,including,Lanzhou University,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou University of Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Gansu University of Chinese Medicine,and Lanzhou Jiaotong University. [9] [10] Notably,Lanzhou University is one of China's prestige universities as a member of the Project 985.
Originally in the territory of the ancient Western Qiangs,Lanzhou became part of the territory of the State of Qin in the 6th century BC.
In 81 BC,under the Han dynasty (206 BC–AD 220),it was taken from the Huns' Huandi Chanyu and made the seat of Jincheng commandery (jùn),and later of the Jincheng (Golden City) county (xiàn),later renamed Yunwu. From at least the first millennium BC it was a major link on the ancient Northern Silk Road, [11] [12] and also an important historic Yellow River crossing site. To protect the city,the Great Wall of China was extended as far as Yumen. Parts of the Great Wall still exist within the built-up area. [13]
After the fall of the Han dynasty,Lanzhou became the capital of a succession of tribal states. In the 4th century it was briefly the capital of the independent state of Liang. The Northern Wei dynasty (386–534) reestablished Jincheng commandery,renaming the county Jincheng. Mixed with different cultural heritages,the area at present-day Gansu province,from the 5th to the 11th century,became a center for Buddhist study. Under the Sui dynasty (581–618) the city became the seat of Lanzhou prefecture for the first time,retaining this name under the Tang dynasty (618–907). In 763 the area was overrun by the Tibetan Empire and in 843 was conquered by the Tang. Later it fell into the hands of the Western Xia dynasty (which flourished in Qinghai from the 11th to 13th century) and was subsequently absorbed by the Song dynasty (960–1126) in 1081. The name Lanzhou was reestablished,and the county renamed Lanzhuan.
After 1127 it fell into the hands of the Jin dynasty,and after 1235 it came into the possession of the Mongol Empire.
Under the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) the prefecture was demoted to a county and placed under the administration of Lintao superior prefecture,but in 1477 Lanzhou was reestablished as a political unit.
The city acquired its current name in 1656,during the Qing dynasty. When Gansu was made a separate province in 1666,Lanzhou became its capital.
In 1739 the seat of Lintao was transferred to Lanzhou,which was later made a superior prefecture called Lanzhou.
Lanzhou was badly damaged during the Dungan revolt in 1864–1875. In the 1920s and 1930s it became a center of Soviet influence in northwestern China.
During the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) Lanzhou,linked with Xi'an by highway in 1935,became the terminus of the 3,200 km (2,000 mi) Chinese–Soviet highway,used as a route for Soviet supplies destined for the Xi'an area. This highway remained the primary traffic route of northwestern China until the completion of the railway from Lanzhou to Ürümqi,Xinjiang.
Lanzhou's old Donggang Airport,located near the city centre,was the primary entry point for combat aircraft provided to China under the Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact,and along with other targets around Lanzhou,including civilian centers,were heavily bombed by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force and Navy Air Force. [14] Many air battles were fought between the Chinese Air Force and the Imperial Japanese air forces over Lanzhou and surrounding regions from 1937 to 1945,particularly from 1938 to 1941 when the influx of Soviet war materials formed the primary support in China's War of Resistance against the Imperial Japanese invasion. Instances of major air-battles include an IJAAF raid consisting of 30 BR.20 and Ki-21 bombers against civilian targets in Lanzhou on 20 February 1939;17th PS,5th PG commander Capt. Cen Zeliu and his deputy commander Capt. Ma Guolian (Ma Kwok-Lim),a Canadian-Chinese volunteer for the Chinese Air Force, [15] shot down the first two bombers in the battle,followed by two more downed as Capt. Cen led another attack on the third formation. They would be joined by pilots of the Soviet Volunteer Group led by Nikolay Garilov and the 15th PS led by Li Debiao,who would all shoot down five more of the Japanese bombers;the northern Chinese air-raid early-warning net headquarters in Xi'an observed 21 of the original 30 IJAAF bombers returning from Lanzhou.
As the Imperial Japanese forces were preparing for Operation Z against the United States and other allies in Southeast Asia and the Pacific by mid-1941,the IJANF were busy training new aircrews in live combat action across China for the upcoming war in the Pacific;on 22 May 1941,Lt. Gao Youxin of the 21st PS,4th PG engaged an IJNAF raid on Lanzhou in an I-16 fighter aircraft,while avoiding confrontation against the Zero fighters,he shot down a Mitsubishi G3M bomber north of Lanzhou. On the ground,the KMT Muslim Generals Ma Hongkui and Ma Bufang protected Lanzhou with their cavalry troops,putting up such resistance that the Japanese never captured Lanzhou. [16]
At 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) above sea level,Lanzhou lies in China's northwest geographical center. The metropolitan area covers more than 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi) of urbanisation along the southern banks of the Yellow River,which flows through from west to east. The Qilian Ranges,Mt. Pingliang,and Mt. Kongtong are located on the south and north sides of the city.
Lanzhou is situated on the upper reaches of the Yellow River where it emerges from the mountains and has been a center since early times,being at the southern end of the route leading via the Hexi Corridor across Central Asia. It commands the approaches to the ancient capital area of Chang'an (modern Xi'an) in Shaanxi province from both the west and the northwest,as well as the area of Qinghai Lake via the upper waters of the Yellow River and its tributaries.
Lanzhou is situated in the temperate zone and has a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) with hot summers and cold and very dry winters. In the urban core,based on 1971–2000 normals, [17] the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −4.1 °C (24.6 °F) in January to 23.4 °C (74.1 °F) in July. The mean annual temperature is 10.9 °C (51.6 °F),while annual rainfall is 309 millimetres (12.2 in), [17] almost all of which falls from May to October. The winters are so dry that snowfall is sometimes restricted to fall and spring. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 47 percent in September to 57 percent in April,sunshine is generous but not abundant,as the city receives 2,350 hours of bright sunshine annually. [18]
Climate data for Lanzhou,elevation 1,517 m (4,977 ft),(1991–2020 normals,extremes 1951–present) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) | 21.0 (69.8) | 26.0 (78.8) | 34.6 (94.3) | 35.5 (95.9) | 36.8 (98.2) | 39.8 (103.6) | 37.3 (99.1) | 34.4 (93.9) | 30.5 (86.9) | 20.3 (68.5) | 16.5 (61.7) | 39.8 (103.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) | 7.6 (45.7) | 14.1 (57.4) | 20.7 (69.3) | 24.9 (76.8) | 28.6 (83.5) | 30.2 (86.4) | 28.8 (83.8) | 23.6 (74.5) | 17.5 (63.5) | 10.3 (50.5) | 3.5 (38.3) | 17.7 (63.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.1 (24.6) | 0.6 (33.1) | 7.0 (44.6) | 13.2 (55.8) | 17.7 (63.9) | 21.7 (71.1) | 23.4 (74.1) | 22.2 (72.0) | 17.2 (63.0) | 10.7 (51.3) | 3.5 (38.3) | −2.9 (26.8) | 10.9 (51.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.4 (16.9) | −4.3 (24.3) | 1.6 (34.9) | 7.2 (45.0) | 11.5 (52.7) | 15.8 (60.4) | 17.9 (64.2) | 16.9 (62.4) | 12.6 (54.7) | 6.1 (43.0) | −0.9 (30.4) | −7.0 (19.4) | 5.7 (42.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −21.1 (−6.0) | −17.6 (0.3) | −11.6 (11.1) | −5.7 (21.7) | −0.1 (31.8) | 5.7 (42.3) | 9.8 (49.6) | 8.6 (47.5) | 1.6 (34.9) | −7.1 (19.2) | −12.3 (9.9) | −19.7 (−3.5) | −21.1 (−6.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.7 (0.07) | 3.0 (0.12) | 6.7 (0.26) | 16.3 (0.64) | 39.0 (1.54) | 44.0 (1.73) | 63.5 (2.50) | 66.0 (2.60) | 43.7 (1.72) | 21.7 (0.85) | 2.7 (0.11) | 0.7 (0.03) | 309 (12.17) |
Average precipitation days (≥0.1 mm) | 2.4 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 5.8 | 7.8 | 8.9 | 10.7 | 10.1 | 9.9 | 6.5 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 71.3 |
Average snowy days | 4.9 | 4.4 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 20.6 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 51 | 46 | 42 | 40 | 44 | 48 | 55 | 58 | 63 | 63 | 58 | 54 | 52 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 149.7 | 173.1 | 210.3 | 226.0 | 245.1 | 234.0 | 239.6 | 226.6 | 173.2 | 173.6 | 155.5 | 143.1 | 2,349.8 |
Percent possible sunshine | 48 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 56 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 47 | 51 | 51 | 48 | 53 |
Source 1:China Meteorological Administration [18] [19] [20] | |||||||||||||
Source 2:Weather China [17] |
The city is located in a narrow and curved river valley with surrounding mountains causing it to be hemmed in blocking a free flow of air. According to the National Environmental Analysis released by Tsinghua University and The Asian Development Bank in January 2013,Lanzhou was among the ten most air-polluted cities in the world. [21] Air quality reportedly was so poor that at times one could not see Lanshan,the mountain rising up along the south side of the city. [22] Lanzhou is also the home of many factories,including some involved in petroleum processing,and suffers from large dust storms kicked up from the Gobi Desert,especially in the winter and spring. In 2011,using Chinese statistics,the World Health Organization reported that Lanzhou had the worst air quality among eleven western Chinese cities. Its annual mean PM10 μg/m3 of 150 is 7 times the safe level established by the World Health Organization. It was worse than Beijing with its reading of 121. [23]
Since then,authorities have taken measures to improve air quality,which have largely been successful. "Thirteen polluting enterprises with excessive capacity have been closed,more than 200 highly polluting enterprises were suspended in winter,and 78 industrial enterprises have moved to an industrial park outside the city." [22] In 2015 it was awarded China's climate progress title. As a city once unable to be spotted from satellites,Lanzhou has taken various measures to combat air pollution in recent years,having reduced its Air Pollution Index at the fastest speed across China. [24] According to the 2018 WHO database, [25] of 2700 towns listed,Lanzhou has the 158th highest level of PM 2.5 pollution,with an average of 54 micrograms per cubic meter (twice that of Milan). The large particle PM10 remains high,at 132 micrograms per cubic meter,in part as a result of sand storms.
The reach of the Yellow River at Lanzhou carries a high load of silt,giving the river its characteristic muddy appearance;however water quality in this reach is better than the "fetid outflow that barely passes for water two hours downstream" (2008). [26] In recent years,several specimens of the endangered Chinese giant salamander have been found in and near the Yellow River in Lanzhou. [27] [28]
On April 11,2014,Lanzhou officials advised residents not to drink tap water,because benzene levels were 20 times the national limit of 10 micrograms per liter. [29] The city water supply suspected industrial chemical production to be the culprit,similar to what happened in the 2005 Jilin chemical plant explosions. [30]
A brucellosis outbreak infecting humans took place in Lanzhou in 2020 after the Lanzhou Biopharmaceutical Plant involved in vaccine production accidentally pumped out the bacteria into the atmosphere in exhaust air,due to use of expired desinfectant,and affecting over 3,000 people. [31] [32]
Lanzhou experiences earthquakes regularly,although usually at low intensities. In 1920 a large earthquake was experienced killing more than 100,000 people in Ningxia and Eastern Gansu province,although only 42 were killed in Lanzhou itself,the low number being attributed to the strong yet flexible nature of the wooden buildings in the city. [33] Lanzhou was also affected by 2008 Sichuan earthquake in 2008.
As of the 2020 Chinese census,Lanzhou surpassed 4 million population for the first time,with a total population of 4,359,446 inhabitants and 3,042,863 in the built-up (or metro) area of 1,112.9 square kilometres (429.7 sq mi) made of the 4 central urban districts (Chengguan,Qilihe,Anning and Xigu District). Lanzhou New Area,near the airport and Honggu Districts are not yet conurbated. The growth increased significantly after a period of slower growth. The strong growth has been attributed to parents seeking better education opportunities for their children,retired migrant workers returning to Gansu,improved services in the city and government policies. [34]
The 14,000-capacity Northwest Minzu University Stadium [35] is one of the main sports venues in the city. It is mostly used for football games. A new sports center complex,including a stadium with a capacity of 60,000 spectators and a swimming hall,is under development. [36]
Lanzhou previously had a professional soccer team named Gansu Tianma from 1999 to 2003.The team played in Chinese Football Association Yi League from 1999 to 2001 and bought a position in the Jia League from Tianjin Lifei. The team relocated to Ningbo,Zhejiang and changed their name to Ningbo Yaoma in 2003. [37] The team later relegated to China League Two in 2004 and became Dongguan Dongcheng after moving to Dongguan,Guangdong.
Former England international Paul Gascoigne played four games in both a playing and coaching role for Gansu in 2003, [38] [39] scoring two goals, [40] [41] before returning to England after falling out with the club, [42] [43] as his mental state meant that he had to return to America for treatment against drink and depression. [44]
Map | |||||
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Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 census) [45] | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
City proper | |||||
Chengguan District | 城关区 | Chéngguān Qū | 1,278,745 | 220 | 5,812.47 |
Qilihe District | 七里河区 | QīlǐhéQū | 561,020 | 397 | 1,413.14 |
Xigu District | 西固区 | XīgùQū | 364,050 | 385 | 945.58 |
Anning District | 安宁区 | Ānníng Qū | 288,510 | 86 | 3,354.76 |
Suburban | |||||
Honggu District | 红古区 | HónggǔQū | 136,101 | 575 | 236.69 |
Lanzhou New Area [A] | 兰州新区 | Lánzhōu Xīnqū | 100,000 | 806 | 124 |
Rural | |||||
Yongdeng County | 永登县 | Yǒngdēng Xiàn | 418,789 | 6,090 | 68.76 |
Gaolan County | 皋兰县 | Gāolán Xiàn | 131,785 | 2,556 | 51.55 |
Yuzhong County | 榆中县 | Yúzhōng Xiàn | 437,163 | 3,362 | 130.03 |
A On August 20, 2012, Lanzhou New Area was approved by the State Council of China's Central Government. [46] In 2019, Lanzhou New Area was formally established as a county-level division of Lanzhou, its area being split off from Yongdeng and Gaolan. [47] [48] The updated area and population of Yongdeng and Gaolan are not yet reflected in the table.
Since 1949 Lanzhou has been transformed from the capital of a poverty-stricken province into the center of a major industrial area. It was one of the first cities in China to industrialize, as a focus of the First and Second Five-Year Plans. [57]
The GDP per capita of Lanzhou was 25,566 (RMB) (US$3,681) in 2008, ranking it at number 134 among 659 Chinese cities.[ citation needed ] In 2015, the GDP per capita had grown to 57,191 RMB (US$9,182.28) [58] and the city ranked at place 100 for total GDP of Chinese cities. [59]
The International Solar Energy Center (UNIDO-ISEC) is located in Lanzhou's Chengguan district. [60]
There is a thermal generating plant supplied with coal from fields in Qinghai. In addition, there is a hydroelectric station at Zhulama Gorge in Gansu, and a large multipurpose dam has been built in the Liujia Gorge on the Yellow River above Lanzhou. [61]
Main industries include textile mills, rubber processing and fertilizer plants, an oil refinery, petrochemicals, machinery, and metallurgical industry.
Gansu has one of the largest oil refineries in the country and Lanzhou itself is the center of the province's petrochemical industry. [62] The refinery is linked to the fields at Yumen by pipeline. It also manufactures equipment for the oil industry.
Lanzhou has a large textile industry, particularly noted for the production of woolen and leather goods. In addition, Lanzhou produces locomotives and rolling stock for the northwestern railways, as well as machine tools and mining equipment. Aluminum products, industrial chemicals, and fertilizers are produced on a large scale, and there is a large rubber industry. Copper is mined in nearby Gaolan.
Lanzhou has been one of the centers of China's national nuclear power industry since the 1960s. [63] [64]
Lanzhou is the collecting center and market for agricultural produce and livestock from a wide area.
Lanzhou Zhongchuan Airport is the main airport serving Lanzhou, it is located 70 km (43 mi) north of Lanzhou. It opened for public service in 1970. [65]
The airport offers direct connections to over 70 international and domestic destinations.
Lanzhou was the second city in northwest China to announce the construction of a subway line, in August 2012. [66] The urban railway network, Lanzhou Metro, is planned to consist of six subway lines running 207 km (129 mi). The first line, which is completely underground, opened in June 2019. Lanzhou Metro Line 2 (First-stage project), opened in June 2023. Passengers can transfer between Line 1 and Line 2 at Dongfanghong Square Station and Wulipu Station. [67] [68]
Lanzhou Railway Station is a major railway hub of western China. Every day over 100 passenger trains originate or pass via this station. It is a vital focal point connecting the western provinces with the east. Lanzhou Railway Station is located on Huochezhan Dong Lu, in Chengguan district. Lanzhou West Railway Station is the city's second major railway station, offering connection to high-speed rail services.
Lanzhou Railway Station has the following railway connections:
New high-speed passenger-only railways are completed both toward the east (the Xuzhou–Lanzhou high-speed railway) and the west (the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway). These services only stop at Lanzhou West Railway Station. The Yinchuan–Lanzhou high-speed railway and Chengdu–Lanzhou high-speed railway are under construction.
Lanzhou forms an important link in one of the routes of the Eurasian Land Bridge and also provides rail access to Qinghai, Xinjiang and Tibet further to the west. [71] A large rail freight terminal has recently been constructed to accommodate increasing volumes of rail freight and Lanzhou is home to China's fourth largest marshalling yard. [72] [73]
Regular freight services connect Lanzhou to destinations including Chongqing, Hamburg, Almaty and Kathmandu. [74]
In 2016, Lanzhou was ranked 4th of Chinese cities with the worst rush hour traffic jams; [75] however, by 2017, after completion of an urban ring road, it dropped to 33rd place. [76]
For long-distance buses, there are three major bus stations in the urban area, West Bus Station [77] in Xiaoxihu neighbourhood, East Bus Station [78] near Lanzhou Station and South Bus Station [79] near G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway terminus. Furthermore, there are a total of 132 local city bus lines. [80] These have their main node station at Xiguan.
Lanzhou has a noted bus rapid transit system which opened in 2013 and won the city an honorable mention at the 2014 Sustainable Transport Awards. [81] [82]
The city is the cultural centre of Gansu. It is home to many different ethnic groups and their respective cultures, but the most prominent three groups are the Han, Hui, and Zang.
Many people in Lanzhou believe in superstitions. [87]
Lanzhou is a major center for scientific research and education in Northwestern China after Xi'an. The city is one of the top 60 major cities in the world by scientific research output as tracked by the Nature Index. [8] The city is the seat of Lanzhou University, founded in 1909. The National Minorities Institute at Lanzhou and a branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences are also located in the city. [88] In particular, Northwest Normal University has been the key university at the provincial level, which has prepared over 100,000 teachers in schools across the province Gansu.
Note: Institutions without full-time bachelor's degree programs are not listed.
Gansu is a province in Northwestern China. Its capital and largest city is Lanzhou, in the southeastern part of the province. The seventh-largest administrative district by area at 453,700 square kilometres (175,200 sq mi), Gansu lies between the Tibetan and Loess plateaus and borders Mongolia's Govi-Altai Province, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia to the north, Xinjiang and Qinghai to the west, Sichuan to the south and Shaanxi to the east. The Yellow River passes through the southern part of the province. Part of Gansu's territory is located in the Gobi Desert. The Qilian mountains are located in the south of the Province.
Lanzhou University (兰州大学) is a public university in Lanzhou, Gansu, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.
Tianshui is a prefecture-level city in Gansu province, China, and is the province's second-largest city. Located in the southeast of the province, the city strides along the upper reaches of the Wei River and at the boundary of the Loess Plateau and the Qinling Mountains. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,984,659 inhabitants, of which 1,212,791 lived in the built-up area made of the 2 urban districts of Qinzhou and Maiji. The city and its surroundings have played an important role in the early history of China, as still visible in the form of historic sites such as the Maijishan Grottoes.
Jiayuguan is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Gansu province, with a population of 312,663 as of the 2020 census. Compared with the 231,853 people in the sixth national census in 2010, there was an increase of 80,810 people, with an average annual increase of 3.04%. Its built-up area was home to 768,274 inhabitants made of Jiayuguan City and Suzhou urban district of Jiuquan City now being conurbated. It is named after the nearby Jiayu Pass, the largest and most intact pass of the Great Wall of China.
Baiyin is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Gansu province, People's Republic of China. Established in the 1950s as a base for mining non-ferrous metals, its mines are becoming exhausted in recent decades, requiring the city to reinvent its economy. Located around 60 km (37 mi) from Gansu's capital Lanzhou, it is part of the Lanzhou-Baiyin Economic Belt.
Zhangye, formerly romanized as Changyeh or known as Kanchow, is a prefecture-level city in central Gansu Province in the People's Republic of China. It borders Inner Mongolia on the north and Qinghai on the south. Its central district is Ganzhou, formerly a city of the Western Xia and one of the most important outposts of western China.
Lanzhou Zhongchuan International Airport is an international airport serving Lanzhou, the capital of Northwest China’s Gansu province. It is located 71 kilometres (44 mi) northwest of downtown Lanzhou. It was opened in 1970 and serves as a major air hub for the province of Gansu and western China. There are eight gates served by aerobridges in the terminal. A new larger Terminal 2 is located to the South, adjacent to the existing terminal. The new terminal adds nine aerobridges.
Jingchuan County is a county under jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Pingliang, in the east of Gansu Province, China, bordering Shaanxi Province to the southeast. It has a land area of 1,486 square kilometers. The county is named after the Jing River. In 2020 it had a population of 356,200, over 300,000 of whom in the rural area.
Honggu District is one of five districts of the prefecture-level city of Lanzhou, the capital of Gansu Province, Northwest China. Although administratively part of Lanzhou, it is not part of the continuous built-up area of the city, and is located roughly equidistant between Lanzhou and Xining. Directly across the Huangshui River lies Minhe Hui and Tu Autonomous County in Qinghai.
Qilihe District is one of 5 districts of the prefecture-level city of Lanzhou, the capital of Gansu Province, Northwest China. It is one of 17 administrative districts of Gansu.
Chengguan District is one of 5 districts of the prefecture-level city of Lanzhou, the capital of Gansu Province, China. It is located mostly on the southern side of the Yellow River, and includes the downtown Lanzhou. Both the Gansu provincial government capitol and that of Lanzhou prefecture-level city are located within the district. The Lanzhou Railway Station is also located in this district.
The Baoji–Lanzhou high-speed railway is a high-speed railway operated by China Railway High-speed between Baoji in western Shaanxi province and Lanzhou, the capital of Gansu province. The railway cut the rail travel between Baoji and Lanzhou from five hours to one hour and a half. It connects with the Xi'an–Baoji high-speed railway to the east and the Lanzhou–Urumqi high-speed railway to the west. The feasibility study report has been approved by the National Development and Reform Commission. The construction work was expected to start in the first half of 2011, but it actually started in October 2012. The line started operations on July 9, 2017.
Lanzhou New Area is a state-level new area. It was established in 2012 as the fifth state-level new area and the first in Western China. It is located on the Qingwangchuan plain, around 70 km (45 mi) north of downtown Lanzhou, which is also where Lanzhou Zhongchuan International Airport is located.
The Zhongshan Bridge is a steel truss bridge over the Yellow River in Lanzhou. Opened in 1909, it was the first permanent bridge over the Yellow River. The bridge is one of the most well-known landmarks of Lanzhou. Construction of the bridge began in 1907 and the bridge was completed in 1909.
Lanzhou Metro or Lanzhou Rail Transit is a rapid transit system in Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Sichuan–Qinghai railway, formerly known as Chengdu–Lanzhou railway during planning and construction, is a railway line under construction in China. The railway connects Chengdu, the provincial capital of Sichuan with Xining, capital of Qinghai, with a branch connecting Chengdu to Lanzhou, the capital of Gansu.
Gongxingdun Airport, also called Lanzhou Donggang Airport, was an airport in Gongxingdun township, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, the capital of Northwest China's Gansu province. It was the city's main airport until it was replaced by the newly opened Lanzhou Zhongchuan International Airport on 26 July 1970.
The Lanzhou South Ring Expressway, designated G2201, is a 58.743-kilometre-long expressway (36.501 mi) that bypasses the built-up area of Lanzhou on the south side, the capital of Gansu Province. The design speed of the road is 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph). Construction started in 2014 and the Expressway was opened on 29 December 2018. The construction cost was budgeted at 11.8 billion yuan.
Lanzhou Shanzishi Church, or Shanzishi Church for short, is a Christian Protestant church located on the bank of the Yellow River in the northeast corner of the Central Square in Lanzhou City, capital of Gansu Province. The church was founded by the China Inland Mission in 1885 and is now the largest church of Lanzhou City and even the whole Northwest China.
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(help)Gansu is the strategic channel connecting to the New Eurasia Land Bridge and the transportation hub connecting Southwest China with Northwest China. It is an important portal for China's westward opening-up and the strategic base for sub-regional cooperation. At the same time, it is also a place that express trains for Central Asia and Europe must pass through.
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