Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County 积石山保安族东乡族撒拉族自治县 | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 35°43′03″N102°52′39″E / 35.7175°N 102.8775°E | |
Country | China |
Province | Gansu |
Autonomous prefecture | Linxia |
County seat | Chuimatan (吹麻滩镇) |
Area | |
• Total | 909.97 km2 (351.34 sq mi) |
Highest elevation | 4,308 m (14,134 ft) |
Lowest elevation | 1,787 m (5,863 ft) |
Population (2020 census) [1] | |
• Total | 239,390 |
• Density | 260/km2 (680/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Postal code | 731700 |
Area code | 0930 |
Website | jss |
Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simplified Chinese | 积石山保安族东乡族撒拉族自治县 | ||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 積石山保安族東鄉族撒拉族自治縣 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Jishishan County | |||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 积石山县 | ||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 積石山縣 | ||||||||||
|
Jishishan Bonan,Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County [lower-alpha 1] is an autonomous county of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture,in Gansu province,China. It is located in the mostly mountainous area to the south of the Yellow River,near Gansu's border with Qinghai province. The total population was 239,390 in 2020; [2] 64.9% were of an ethnic minority. [3] The county's titular ethnic groups are the Bonan,Dongxiang,and Salar peoples. There are 21,400 Bonan people living in Jishishan,which accounts for 95% of all Bonan in China. [3] The Bonan are known for their cultivation of Sichuan peppers and walnuts. [3] [4] Jishishan's local cuisine includes Bonan-style maisui baozi and lamb meat. [5]
The area of present-day Jishishan County was formerly inhabited by the Qiang and the Xirong peoples. [6]
During the Warring States period,the Qin annexed the territory of present-day Jishishan County. [6] In 278 BCE,it was incorporated into the Longxi Commandery as Fuhan County (Chinese :枹罕县; pinyin :Fúhǎn Xiàn). [6] This organizational structure continued into the Western Han. [6]
In 81 BCE,Longxi Commandery was reorganized as Jincheng Commandery ,and Fuhan County was placed under its jurisdiction. [6] In 60 BCE,the county was reorganized as Heguan County (Chinese :河关县; pinyin :Héguān Xiàn). [6]
During the Eastern Han,under the Liang Province Governor's Department ,the area was reorganized under the jurisdiction of Fuhan County and Heguan County. [6] In 36 CE,Jincheng Commandery was merged into Longxi Commandery. [6]
In 184 CE,Song Jian led local Qiang forces to rebel against the Han dynasty during the Liang Province rebellion. [6] Song Jian ruled over the area for the subsequent 30 years. [6] Song Jian's reign ended in 214 CE,when Cao Cao successfully sent general Xiahou Yuan to re-establish Han dynasty control over the area. [6]
Following the fall of the Han dynasty,the area of present-day Jishishan fell under the jurisdiction of Cao Wei. [6]
After the Cao Wei,the area was incorporated into the Western Jin under the Qín Prefecture. [6] Around 301–302 CE,Liang Province governor Zhang Gui carved out a portion of Xiping Commandery to establish Jinxing Commandery ,which governed the area. [6] Within Jinxing Commandery,present-day Jishishan County was organized as Linjin County (Chinese :临津县; pinyin :Línjīn Xiàn). [6]
During the subsequent Sixteen Kingdoms period,the area of present-day Jishishan County changed hands frequently. It was first conquered by the Former Liang,then by the Han-Zhao,then by the Later Zhao,then the Former Qin,then the Later Qin,then the Western Qin,and finally the Later Liang. [6] In 412 CE,it was brought into the folds of the Northern Wei,which organized it as part of the Jianchang Commandery . [6] Upon the collapse of the Western Qin in 431 CE,the area was conquered by the Tuyuhun. [6] In 445 CE,it was reconquered by the Northern Wei. [6] Following the collapse of the Northern Wei,the area was a part of the short-lived Western Wei. [6] In 546 CE,under the Western Wei,He Province governor Yang Kuan reorganized the area as Fenglin County . [6] During the Northern Zhou,the area was split between Fenglin County and Fuhan County. [6]
In the early parts of the subsequent Sui dynasty,the area belonged to the Fuhan Commandery . [6] The Fuhan Commandery was transferred to the jurisdiction of He Province in 583 CE,and then abolished altogether in 607 CE,and replaced by Linjing County. [6]
The Tang dynasty established control over the area in 619 CE,and placed it under the jurisdiction of He Province. [6] In 631 CE,the area was included in the newly established Mi Province ,which was abolished in 636 CE,and replaced with Michuan County (Chinese :米川县; pinyin :Mǐchuān Xiàn),which fell under the jurisdiction of He Province. [6] The following year,part of the area was included in the newly established Anxiang County (Chinese :安乡县; pinyin :Ānxiāng Xiàn). [6] In 655 CE,Michuan County was moved north,and in 676 CE,Anxiang County was moved west. [6] Following these changes,the area of present-day Jishishan County was divided between Anxiang County and Fuhan County. [6] Later,the area was assigned to the Longyou Jiedushi ,a form of military government. [6] In 742 CE,Anxiang County was replaced by Fenglin County,which was placed under the jurisdiction of Anxiang Commandery ,in He Province. [6]
In 762 CE,the area was conquered by the Tibetan Empire. [6] In 848 CE,Tang dynasty general Zhang Yichao led a rebellion against the Tibetan Empire,and briefly conquered the area of He Province. [6] The Tibetan Empire regained control of it shortly thereafter. [6] The area belonged to the Tibetan Empire until the late 11th century,when general Wang Shao conquered the area for the Song dynasty. [6] It was reincorporated as part of He Province. [6]
The area was then conquered by the Jin dynasty in 1131. [6] Under the Jin dynasty,the area became part of the newly formed Jishi Prefecture . [6]
In 1226,the Mongol Empire conquered the Western Xia,and conquered He Province and Jishi Prefecture. [6]
In the subsequent Mongol-led Yuan dynasty,the area was incorporated as part of Gongchang Circuit (Chinese :巩昌路; pinyin :Gǒngchāng Lù). [6] In 1269,He Province was replaced by Hezhou Circuit (Chinese :河州路; pinyin :Hézhōu Lù). [6]
The area was conquered by Ming dynasty general Deng Yu in 1370. [6] It was placed under military governance the following year. [6] The area's government organized it using the lijia system . [6] Civil governance was installed in 1373,and the area was organized as Anxiang County,which was under the jurisdiction of Hezhou Fu (Chinese :河州府; pinyin :Hézhōu Fǔ). [6] In 1473,He Province was re-established. [6]
In the early Qing dynasty,He Province was put under the jurisdiction of Lintao Fu . [6] The local government stopped using the lijia system in 1705,and replaced it with the huishe system (Chinese :会社制; pinyin :huìshèzhì). [6] In 1762,He Province was revoked,and replaced with Xunhua Subprefecture . [6]
Upon the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912,the area was reorganized as Lanshan Circuit ,in Gansu province. [6] In 1913,Lintao Fu was abolished,and the area was reorganized as Daohe County (Chinese :导河县; pinyin :DǎohéXiàn). [6] In 1929,Daohe County was reorganized as Linxia County. [6] Following this change,the area of present-day Jishishan County was split between Linxia County and nearby Xunhua County. [6]
In August 1949,the area was captured by the People's Liberation Army,and became part of the People's Republic of China. [6]
At the end of 1958,Linxia County was merged into the city of Linxia,although this would be reverted in 1961. [6]
On 14 June 1980,Jishishan Bonan,Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County was established. [6]
Jishishan County was the site of the epicenter of an earthquake which killed 146 people on 18 December 2023. [7] [8]
Jishishan County administers 7 towns and 10 townships. [9]
Jishishan County administers the following 7 towns: [9]
Jishishan County administers the following 10 townships: [9]
|
|
The Dongxiang people are a Mongolic people and one of 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. Half of the population live in Dongxiang Autonomous County, Linxia Prefecture, Gansu Province, China. The rest are divided over Hezheng County, Linxia City, Lanzhou, Dingxi and Ningxia. According to the 2010 census, their population numbers 621,500, although research has found that the number is inflated due to Hui identifying themselves as Dongxiang for the census, in order to benefit from minority policies.
The Bonan people are a distinct ethno-linguistic group from all other Mongolic peoples, living in Gansu and Qinghai provinces in Northwestern China. They are one of the "titular nationalities" of Gansu's Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County, which is located south of the Yellow River, near Gansu's border with Qinghai.
Fuzhou is a prefecture-level city in the northeastern part of Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China.
Xunhua Salar Autonomous County is an autonomous county in the southeast of Haidong Prefecture, in Qinghai province, China. The autonomous county has an area of around 2,100 square kilometres (810 sq mi), and a population of approximately 161,600 inhabitants per a 2022 government publication. In the east it borders the province of Gansu and in the south and the west Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Its postal code is 811100 and its capital is the town of Jishi.
Dongxiang (东乡) may refer to:
Guanghe County is a county in the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, located in the province of Gansu of the People's Republic of China. It contains an ethnic minority of the Dongxiang.
Dongxiang Autonomous County is an autonomous county in the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, province of Gansu of the People's Republic of China. It was established as a Dongxiang ethnic autonomous area in 1950. Historically, Dongxiang has long been directly under the jurisdiction of Linxia. During the Republic of China (1912–1949) period, its area was divided between the surrounding counties.
Guazhou County, formerly Anxi County, is a county in the northwest of Gansu province, China. It is under the administration of Jiuquan City.
Huangling County is a county in the north of Shaanxi province, China, bordering Gansu province to the west. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yan'an. The county spans an area of 2,286.7 square kilometres (882.9 sq mi), and has a permanent population of 130,100 people as of 2012.
The Liujiaxia Reservoir is a reservoir in China's Gansu Province, formed by the Liujiaxia Dam on the Yellow River. It occupies over 130 km2 (50 sq mi), and is located entirely within Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture. The reservoir's shores belong to the prefecture's Yongjing County, Dongxiang Autonomous County, Linxia County, and Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County.
Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 道真仡佬族苗族自治县; traditional Chinese: 道真仡佬族苗族自治縣; pinyin: Dàozhēn Gēlǎozú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn; usually referred to as "Daozhen County", is a county in northernmost Guizhou province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zunyi. Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County is surrounded by Chongqing on the north, Zheng'an County on the southwest, and Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County on the southeast. The county covers 2,156 km2, as of 2018, it has a census registered population of 352,149. The county has one subdistrict, eleven towns, one ethnic township and two townships under its jurisdiction, the county seat is Yinzhen Subdistrict.
Qian'an is a county-level city in the northeast of Hebei province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Tangshan. The city spans an area of 1,227 square kilometres (474 sq mi), and has a population of 775,813 as of 2021.
Fang County or Fangxian is a county of northwestern Hubei province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Shiyan City.
Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County, is a county of eastern Liaoning province, China, bordering North Korea to the southeast and Jilin in the northeast. It is under the administration of Dandong City, the centre of which lies 75 kilometres (47 mi) to the southwest, and is served by China National Highway 201. In Kuandian is the Hushan Great Wall, the most easterly section of the Great Wall of China. A short reconstruction of the wall is open to tourists. The area has an abandoned airstrip that was used by the Chinese airforce during the Korean War.
Pu County, also known by its Chinese name Puxian, is a county in the southwest of Shanxi province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Linfen; bordering county-level divisions are Yaodu District to the southeast, Ji County to the southwest, Daning County to the west, Xi County to the north, Fenxi County to the northeast, and Hongtong County to the east.
Qianjiang District, formerly Qianjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, is a district, in the southeastern part of Chongqing, China, bordering Hubei province to the east and northeast. While it is governed as a district, in practice Qianjiang is its own city proper far removed from the urban centre of Chongqing. Qianjiang is nicknamed "The Throat of Sichuan and Hubei" (川鄂咽喉) because it sits on the intersection of Sichuan-Hubei and Sichuan-Hunan Roads.
Hezhou, also known as Linxia, is a creolized mixed language spoken in Gansu Province, China. It has been the lingua franca of Linxia for several centuries. It is based on Uyghur and perhaps Salar. It has been relexified by Mandarin Chinese, so that nearly all roots are of Chinese origin, but grammatically it remains a Turkic language, with six noun cases, agglutinative morphology and an SOV word order. Grammatical suffixes are either Turkic or Chinese in origin; in the latter case they have been divorced from their original function and bear little to no relation to Chinese semantics. The phonology is largely Chinese, with three tones, though Hezhou tone sandhi is unusual from a Chinese perspective. It may be that Hezhou tone differs between ethnic Chinese, Hui, Dongxiang and Bao'an speakers, though there is no indication that such differences occur among native speakers.
Yinchuan Township is a township under the administration of Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County, Gansu, China. As of 2018, it has 12 villages under its administration.
Liugou Township is a township under the administration of Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County, Gansu, China. As of 2022, it has 9 villages under its administration.