Hachinohe

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Hachinohe
八戸市
Core city
Kabushima, -8 May 2010 a.jpg
HassyokuCenter Ichiba-North.jpg
Gen Cheng Fu Yuan Zhu Dian .JPG
Hachinohe Sansha Taisai Festival, 2 August 2014-002.JPG
Senbeijiru.jpg
Kabushima
Hasshoku Center Ne Castle
Hachinohe Sansha Taisai Senbeijiru
Flag of Hachinohe, Aomori.svg
Flag
Emblem of Hachinohe, Aomori.svg
Seal
Hachinohe
Location of Hachinohe in Aomori Prefecture
Hachinohe in Aomori Prefecture Ja.svg
Japan location map with side map of the Ryukyu Islands.svg
Red pog.svg
Hachinohe
 
Coordinates: 40°30′44.2″N141°29′18.2″E / 40.512278°N 141.488389°E / 40.512278; 141.488389
Country Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
Region Tōhoku
Prefecture Aomori
Government
 • MayorYuichi Kumagai
Area
 • Total
305.56 km2 (117.98 sq mi)
Population
 (August 1, 2023)
 • Total
216,416
 • Density710/km2 (1,800/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
Phone number0178-43-2111
Address1-1-1 Uchimaru, Hachinohe-shi, Aomori-ken 031-8686
Climate Cfa/Dfa
Website Official website
Symbols
Bird Black-tailed gull
Flower Chrysanthemum
Tree Japanese yew
Hachinohe City Hall Hachinohe city hall.jpg
Hachinohe City Hall
Downtown Hachinohe Hachinohe-centertarminal1-3.png
Downtown Hachinohe
Tanesashi Beach TanesashiBeachFromAshigezakiObservatory.JPG
Tanesashi Beach

Hachinohe (八戸市, Hachinohe-shi) is a city located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 August 2023, the city had an estimated population of 216,416 in 110,195 households, and a population density of 708 persons per km2, [1] making it Aomori Prefecture's second largest city by population. The city has a total area of 305.56 square kilometres (117.98 sq mi).

Contents

Geography

Hachinohe is located in the flatlands on the southeast coast of Aomori Prefecture, facing the Pacific Ocean. Both the Oirase River and the Mabechi River flow through Hachinohe. A portion of the coastal areas of the city were within the borders of the Tanesashi Kaigan Hashikamidake Prefectural Natural Park, which was incorporated into the Sanriku Fukkō National Park in 2013. [2] [3]

Neighbouring municipalities

Aomori Prefecture

Climate

Hachinohe has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa), closely bordering the Humid Subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) using the 0.0 °C (32.0 °F) isotherm with both January and February monthly averages being too cold to be of the latter, with hot summers and cold and snowy winters. Summers are considerably milder than in other parts of Honshu because the city is very close to the open sea, while winters if distinctly cold are much less snowy than in Aomori city or Sapporo or Wakkanai, although snowfall is higher than in Kushiro. The average annual temperature in Hachinohe is 9.9 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1165 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 22.7 °C, and lowest in January, at around -1.9 °C. [4]

Climate data for Hachinohe (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1936−present)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)15.0
(59.0)		19.0
(66.2)		22.1
(71.8)		29.7
(85.5)		34.3
(93.7)		34.5
(94.1)		36.5
(97.7)		37.0
(98.6)		35.4
(95.7)		30.4
(86.7)		24.9
(76.8)		19.7
(67.5)		37.0
(98.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)2.8
(37.0)		3.6
(38.5)		7.6
(45.7)		13.8
(56.8)		18.7
(65.7)		21.1
(70.0)		24.9
(76.8)		26.5
(79.7)		23.6
(74.5)		18.2
(64.8)		11.9
(53.4)		5.4
(41.7)		14.8
(58.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)−0.7
(30.7)		−0.2
(31.6)		3.1
(37.6)		8.6
(47.5)		13.5
(56.3)		16.7
(62.1)		20.7
(69.3)		22.6
(72.7)		19.4
(66.9)		13.5
(56.3)		7.3
(45.1)		1.7
(35.1)		10.5
(50.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−3.9
(25.0)		−3.7
(25.3)		−0.9
(30.4)		4.0
(39.2)		9.2
(48.6)		13.3
(55.9)		17.7
(63.9)		19.5
(67.1)		15.7
(60.3)		9.0
(48.2)		3.0
(37.4)		−1.6
(29.1)		6.8
(44.2)
Record low °C (°F)−15.7
(3.7)		−15.5
(4.1)		−12.3
(9.9)		−5.5
(22.1)		−2.6
(27.3)		0.4
(32.7)		5.0
(41.0)		9.4
(48.9)		4.8
(40.6)		−2.6
(27.3)		−6.3
(20.7)		−13.4
(7.9)		−15.7
(3.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches)43.6
(1.72)		40.4
(1.59)		56.6
(2.23)		63.4
(2.50)		88.1
(3.47)		103.7
(4.08)		136.9
(5.39)		141.8
(5.58)		156.3
(6.15)		110.1
(4.33)		55.5
(2.19)		48.9
(1.93)		1,045.1
(41.15)
Average snowfall cm (inches)40
(16)		42
(17)		29
(11)		2
(0.8)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		2
(0.8)		22
(8.7)		134
(53)
Average rainy days6.66.57.38.19.78.810.610.110.08.57.96.6100.7
Average snowy days10.49.95.90.50000000.76.133.5
Average relative humidity (%)71706665728184828075717174
Mean monthly sunshine hours 126.1130.9166.2186.9198.5168.2149.7159.5148.2155.7130.3124.11,844.3
Source 1: Japan Meteorological Agency
Source 2: Extreme for Hachinohe

Demographics

Per Japanese census data: [5]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1960 184,680—    
1970 216,955+17.5%
1980 245,617+13.2%
1990 247,983+1.0%
2000 248,608+0.3%
2010 237,473−4.5%
2020 226,541−4.6%

History

The area around Hachinohe has been occupied since prehistoric times, and was a major population center for the Emishi people. Numerous Jōmon period remains have been discovered within the borders of Hachinohe. The area was nominally under control of the Northern Fujiwara in the Heian period, and became part of the holdings granted to the Nanbu clan after the defeat of the North Fujiwara by Minamoto no Yoritomo in the Kamakura period. The Nanbu established numerous horse ranches, accompanied by numbered fortified settlements. During the Edo period, it was initially part of Morioka Domain, but in 1664 the Tokugawa shogunate authorized the creation of a separate 20,000 koku Hachinohe Domain for a junior line of the Nanbu clan. The town prospered as a castle town centered on Hachinohe Castle, and served as a small commercial centre and port for the fishing grounds off southeastern Hokkaido. Today, the port still serves the fishing industry and a number of international cargo vessels.

After the Meiji Restoration, Hachinohe Domain was abolished, and replaced by Hachinohe Prefecture, which was subsequently merged into Aomori Prefecture. Initially, there was a debate as to whether the capital of newly formed Aomori Prefecture should be at Hachinohe or Hirosaki; however, due to strong rivalry between the former Nanbu domain and former Tsugaru Domain, the Meiji government decided to build a new town called Aomori in a central location, and to designate it as the capital of the prefecture.

Per the Meiji period establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889, the town of Hachinohe was created within Sannohe District. In 1901, it merged with neighboring Chōja, and on May 1, 1929, with neighboring Konakano, Minato and Same villages to form the city of Hachinohe. The city further expanded by annexing the village of Shimonaganawashiro in 1942, Korekawa in 1954, Ichikawa, Kaminaganawashiro, Tachi and Toyosaki in 1955 and Odate in 1958.

On March 31, 2005, the village of Nangō (from Sannohe District) was also merged into Hachinohe.

During the American occupation of Japan following World War II, a United States Army base, Camp Haugen, was located in Hachinohe, and was the home of the Seventh Division. An Armed Forces Radio Service radio station was located on the base; it was known as AFRS Hachinohe. In 1950, after the North Korean invasion of South Korea, troops from Camp Haugen left for Korea. AFRS Hachinohe altered its broadcasts to include coverage of South Korea so Americans could benefit from its news and entertainment programs. With the final withdrawal of American forces from Hachinohe in 1956, the base was turned over to the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force and was officially re-designated JGSDF Camp Hachinohe. [6]

In March 2011, the city was one of those hit by the 2011 Japanese tsunami. The tsunami tossed many huge fishing boats ashore and heavily damaged the port area. About 100 homes were destroyed. [7] Divers from the United States Navy ship Safeguard joined with Japanese workers to help clear the port to facilitate the delivery of relief supplies via the city. [8]

On January 1, 2017, Hachinohe was given core city status, [9] with increased local autonomy.

Government

Hachinohe has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 32 members. Hachinohe contributes eight members to the Aomori Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Aomori 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy

Hachinohe is the largest city in eastern Aomori Prefecture, and serves as the regional industrial and commercial center. Commercial fishing still plays a major role in the local economy, with Hachinohe port having one of the largest volumes of landed fish in Japan. However, since its designation as a new industrial city in 1964, Hachinohe has developed a large coastal industrial belt with a diverse range of chemical, steel, cement and fertilizer products. Major industrial parks include the Hachinohe High Tech Park and Hachinohe North-Interchange Industrial Complex. The Hachinohe Thermal Power Station, an LNG-fired power plant operated by Tohoku Electric is located in the city. Hachinohe Port is a major international port for northern Japan.

Education

Colleges and universities

Primary and secondary education

Hachinohe has 42 public elementary schools and 24 public junior high schools operated by the city government, and two private middle schools. The city has eight public high schools operated by the Aomori Prefectural Board of Education, and one public high school operated by the national government. There are also eight private high schools. The city also has three special education schools. [10]

Transportation

Railway

JR logo (east).svg East Japan Railway Company (JR East) - Tōhoku Shinkansen

JR logo (east).svg East Japan Railway Company (JR East) - Hachinohe Line

Aoimori Logo.svg Aoimori Railway Company - Aoimori Railway Line

Hachinohe Rinkai Railway (freight only)

Highway

Seaports

Local attractions

Traditional handicrafts

Local sights

Entrance to Kabushima Shrine, with Umineko Kabushima02.jpg
Entrance to Kabushima Shrine, with Umineko

Local festivals

National Historic Sites

Other

Sports

Sister cities

Notable people from Hachinohe

Other

There is a main-belt asteroid named Hachinohe. [21]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aomori Prefecture</span> Prefecture of Japan

Aomori Prefecture ([a̠o̞mo̞ɾʲikẽ̞ɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan in the Tōhoku region. The prefecture's capital, largest city, and namesake is the city of Aomori. Aomori is the northernmost prefecture on Japan's main island, Honshu, and is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the east, Iwate Prefecture to the southeast, Akita Prefecture to the southwest, the Sea of Japan to the west, and Hokkaido across the Tsugaru Strait to the north. Aomori Prefecture is the 8th-largest prefecture, with an area of 9,645.64 km2 (3,724.20 sq mi), and the 31st-most populous prefecture, with more than 1.18 million people. Approximately 45 percent of Aomori Prefecture's residents live in its two core cities, Aomori and Hachinohe, which lie on coastal plains. The majority of the prefecture is covered in forested mountain ranges, with population centers occupying valleys and plains. Aomori is the third-most populous prefecture in the Tōhoku region, after Miyagi Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture. Mount Iwaki, an active stratovolcano, is the prefecture's highest point, at almost 1,624.7 m (5,330 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ninohe, Iwate</span> City in Tōhoku, Japan

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shingō, Aomori</span> Village in Tōhoku, Japan

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sannohe</span> Town in Tōhoku, Japan

Sannohe is a town located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2023, the town had an estimated population of 9,146 in 4141 households, and a population density of 60 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 151.79 square kilometres (58.61 sq mi).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gonohe</span> Town in Aomori Japan

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanbu, Aomori</span> Town in Tōhoku, Japan

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sannohe District, Aomori</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hachinohe Domain</span>

Hachinohe Domain was a tozama feudal domain of Edo period Japan It is located in Mutsu Province, in northern Honshū. The domain was centered at Hachinohe Castle, located in the center of what is now the city of Hachinohe in Aomori Prefecture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hachinohe Sansha Taisai</span> The festival of Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan

Hachinohe Sansha Taisai (八戸三社大祭) is a Japanese festival celebrated from July 31 to August 4 in Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Its rites center on three Shinto shrines: Ogami (霊神社), Shinra (新羅神社), and Shinmei (神明宮) shrines. There is a procession of twenty-seven floats and three mikoshi are also borne through the streets. It has a two hundred and ninety-year history and in 2004 was designated an Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tanesashi Coast</span>

The Tanesashi Coast is section of the coastline on the Pacific Ocean, located in the southern portion of the city of Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. It is extends for 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the island of Kabushima south towards the city of Kuji in Iwate Prefecture. The coast was nationally designated a Place of Scenic Beauty in 1937.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ne Castle</span>

Ne Castle is a Muromachi period Motte-and-bailey-style Japanese castle located in what is now the city of Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of far northern Japan. It has been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 1941. It was extensively reconstructed in 1994.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shōjujidate Castle</span>

Shōjojidate Castle was a Muromachi period Japanese castle located in what is now the town of Nanbu, in Sannohe District of Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of far northern Japan. It was also known as the Moto-Sannohe Castle. It was located at a strategic junction of the Ōshū Kaidō with the Kakuno Kaidō and the Mabechi River. The site of the castle, as well as the Buddhist temple of Sankō-ji, and the Moto-Sannohe Hachiman-gu Shinto Shrine collectively received protection as a National Historic Site on 30 September 2004. Portions of the site are now on private lands occupied by local farm houses and fruit orchards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chōshichiyachi Shell Mound</span> Jōmon period shell midden in Hachinohe, Japan

The Chōshichiyachi Shell Midden is an archaeological site in what is now part of the city of Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan, with an initial Jōmon period shell midden. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1981 by the Japanese government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Korekawa Site</span>

The Korekawa Site is an archaeological site in the city of Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan containing the ruins of a middle to late Jōmon period settlement. The remains were designated a National Historic Site in 1957 by the Japanese government. It is also referred to as the "Korekawa Stone Age site", although the remains discovered are from the Jōmon period, rather than the Japanese Paleolithic period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Korekawa Archaeological Institution (Korekawa Jōmon Kan)</span> Building in Aomori Prefecture, Japan

Korekawa Archaeological Institution , more literally the Hachinohe City Buried Cultural Property Center, opened in Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, Japan in 2011. It exhibits Jōmon materials from the nearby Korekawa Site and Kazahari I Site (風張１遺跡), finds at the latter including the "Palms Together Dogū" (合掌土偶) that has been designated a National Treasure.

<i>Dogū</i> with palms pressed together Japanese clay figurine

The so-called "dogū with palms pressed together" is a Japanese dogū or clay figurine of the late Jōmon period. Excavated from the Kazahari I Site in Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, it is exhibited at the nearby Korekawa Jōmon Kan. Alongside "Hollow Dogū" from Hokkaidō, "Jōmon Goddess" from Yamagata Prefecture, and "Jōmon Venus" and "Masked Goddess" from Nagano Prefecture, it is one of five dogū that have been designated National Treasures.

References

  1. ↑ "Hachinohe City official statistics" (in Japanese). Japan.
  2. ↑ 基礎情報 [Basic Information] (in Japanese). Ministry of the Environment. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  3. ↑ "National park of restoration". The Japan Times . 28 May 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  4. ↑ "Hachinohe climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Hachinohe weather averages - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org.
  5. ↑ "Aomori / 青森県 (Japan): Prefecture, Cities, Towns and Villages - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
  6. ↑ "511th History". www.thedropzone.org.
  7. ↑ Flack, T. D., "Misawa residents pull clean-up duty at nearby fishing port", Stars and Stripes, 17 March 2011, retrieved 18 March 2011.
  8. ↑ Johnson, Christopher, "U.S. Helps Clear Vital Japan Harbor", Washington Times , 27 March 2011, retrieved 30 March 2011.
  9. ↑ Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan, official home page (in Japanese)
  10. ↑ 八戸市学校一覧 City of Hachinohe official home page
  11. ↑ 蕪島ウミネコ繁殖地 (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs database.
  12. ↑ 種差海岸. Agency for Cultural Affairs . Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  13. ↑ "Tanesashi Kaigan". Hachinohe City. Archived from the original on 10 August 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  14. ↑ "長七谷地貝塚". Cultural Heritage Online (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs (Japan). Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  15. ↑ "是川石器時代遺跡" [KKorekawa sekki jidai isekii] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs . Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  16. ↑ "根城跡". Cultural Heritage Online (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
  17. ↑ "丹後平古墳群". Cultural Heritage Online (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
  18. ↑ "Top 100 Soundscapes of Japan" (PDF). Ministry of the Environment . Retrieved 18 March 2017.
  19. ↑ "Sister City: Federal Way, Washington, U.S.A.|八戸市". www.city.hachinohe.aomori.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2020-08-18.
  20. ↑ "Hachinohe City official home page". Sister City: Lanzhou, Gansu, China. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  21. ↑ "6200 Hachinohe (1993 HL)". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
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