Guan Ying | |
---|---|
灌嬰 | |
Chancellor | |
In office 177–176 BC | |
Monarch | Emperor Wen of Han |
Preceded by | Zhou Bo |
Succeeded by | Zhang Cang |
Personal details | |
Born | Unknown Shangqiu,Henan |
Died | c.January 176 BC |
Occupation | Military general,politician |
Posthumous name | Marquis Yi (懿侯) |
Peerage | Marquis of Yingyin (潁陰侯) |
Guan Ying (died c.January 176 BC [1] ),posthumously known as Marquis Yi of Yingyin,was a Chinese military general and politician who served as a chancellor of the Western Han dynasty.
Guan Ying was from Suiyang (睢陽),which is present-day Shangqiu,Henan. He served under Liu Bang,the founding emperor of the Han dynasty,and joined him in rebelling against the Qin dynasty. He also fought on Liu Bang's side during the Chu–Han Contention and assisted him in overcoming his rival,Xiang Yu.
After Liu Bang became emperor and established the Han dynasty,Guan Ying served as General of Chariots and Cavalry (車騎將軍). He assisted Liu Bang in putting down Chen Xi's rebellion and killed Hou Chang (侯敞),one of Chen Xi's commanders,near Quni (曲逆;around 20 miles or 32 kilometers west of present-day Baoding,Hebei) in 196 BC. [2]
Following Liu Bang's death,Empress Lü and her clan seized power from the Liu family and controlled the Han government –this event is historically known as the LüClan Disturbance. After Empress Lüdied in August 180 BCE,the prince Liu Xiang decided to rebel against the Lüclan;Guan Ying was appointed General-in-Chief (大將軍) and ordered to lead an army to suppress the revolt. However,he led his troops elsewhere instead and combined forces with Zhou Bo,Chen Ping and others who were loyal to the Liu family to oust the Lüclan from power and install Liu Heng (Emperor Wen),a son of Liu Bang,on the throne. After becoming emperor,Emperor Wen appointed Guan Ying as Grand Commandant (太尉) and subsequently promoted him to the position of Chancellor,replacing Zhou Bo. Guan Ying died in office after about a year and was given the posthumous name Marquis Yi (懿侯).
LüZhi,courtesy name E'xu (娥姁) and commonly known as Empress Lü and formally Empress Gao of Han,was the empress consort of Gaozu,the founding emperor of the Han dynasty. They had two known children,Liu Ying and Princess Yuan of Lu. Lüwas the first woman to assume the title Empress of China and paramount power. After Gaozu's death,she was honoured as empress dowager and regent during the short reigns of Emperor Hui and his successors Emperor Qianshao of Han and Liu Hong.
Emperor Hui of Han,born Liu Ying (劉盈),was the second emperor of the Han dynasty. He was the second son of Emperor Gaozu,the first Han emperor,and the only son of Empress Lüfrom the powerful Lüclan. Emperor Hui is generally remembered as a somewhat weak character dominated and terrorized by his mother,Empress Lü,who became Empress Dowager after she encouraged her husband to command personally the war against Ying Bu,in which he died eventually from an arrow wound sustained during the war.
Emperor Wen of Han,personal name Liu Heng (劉恆),was the fifth emperor of the Han dynasty from 180 until his death in 157 BC. The son of Emperor Gao and Consort Bo,his reign provided a much needed stability within the ruling Liu clan after the unstable and violent regency of Empress Lü,who went after numerous members of the clan. The prosperous reigns of Emperor Wen and his son Emperor Jing are highly regarded by historians,being referred to as the Rule of Wen and Jing.
Emperor Jing of Han,born Liu Qi,was the sixth emperor of the Han dynasty from 157 to 141 BC. His reign saw the limiting of the power of the feudal kings and princes which resulted in the Rebellion of the Seven States in 154 BC. Emperor Jing managed to crush the revolt and princes were thereafter denied rights to appoint ministers for their fiefs. This move helped to consolidate central power which paved the way for the long reign of his son Emperor Wu of Han.
The Chu–Han Contention (楚漢相爭),also known as the Chu–Han War (楚漢戰爭),was an interregnum period in Imperial China between the fall of the Qin dynasty and the establishment of the Western Han dynasty. After the third and last Qin ruler,Ziying,unconditionally surrendered to rebel forces in 206 BCE,the former Qin Empire was divided by rebel leader Xiang Yu into the Eighteen Kingdoms,which were ruled by various rebel leaders and surrendered Qin generals. A civil war soon broke out,most prominently between two major contending powers –Xiang Yu's Western Chu and Liu Bang's Han. Some of the other kingdoms also waged war among themselves but these were largely insignificant compared to the main conflict between Chu and Han. The war ended in 202 BCE with a Han victory at the Battle of Gaixia,during which Xiang Yu committed suicide after making a last stand. Liu Bang subsequently proclaimed himself emperor and established the Western Han dynasty.
Han Xin was a Chinese military general and politician who served Liu Bang during the Chu–Han Contention and contributed greatly to the founding of the Han dynasty. Han Xin was named as one of the "Three Heroes of the early Han dynasty",along with Zhang Liang and Xiao He.
The Three Qins refer to three of the Eighteen Kingdoms,the short-lived power-sharing arrangement formed in 206 BC after the collapse of the Qin dynasty. The three kingdoms were located in Guanzhong Plain,the heartland of the Qin Empire.
The LüClan disturbance refers to a political upheaval after the death of Empress LüZhi of the early Han dynasty. In the aftermath,her clan of Lü(呂) were deposed from their seats of power and exterminated,Emperor Houshao was deposed and Emperor Wen acceded the throne. LüClan disturbance also sometimes encompasses the prior period of total domination of the political scene by Empress LüZhi and her family after the death of her son Emperor Hui.
The Prince of Han Dynasty is a three-season Chinese television series featuring a fictionalised life story of Liu Che,Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Season 1 was first broadcast on Beijing Television in 2001 in mainland China,followed by the second and third seasons in 2003 and 2005 respectively. Except for Huang Xiaoming,who played Emperor Wu in all three seasons,the cast members in each season are almost different from its preceding one.
Lu Wan was a Chinese military general,monarch,and politician who served as the vassal king of the early Han dynasty. He served under Liu Bang,the founding emperor of the Han dynasty.
Peng Yue,courtesy name Zhong,was a Chinese military general and politician in the late Qin dynasty and early Western Han dynasty. He was involved in the Chu–Han Contention –a power struggle between the Han dynasty's founder,Liu Bang,and his rival,Xiang Yu –as an ally of Liu Bang. In recognition of his contributions,Liu Bang granted Peng Yue the title "King of Liang" (梁王) after the Han dynasty was established. He is often regarded as the inventor of guerrilla warfare.
Xiahou Ying,posthumously known as Marquis Wen of Ruyin,was a Chinese politician who served as Minister Coachman (太僕) during the early Han dynasty. He served under Liu Bang,the founding emperor of the Han dynasty,and fought on Liu Bang's side during the Chu–Han Contention against Liu Bang's rival,Xiang Yu. He is also sometimes referred to as the Duke of Teng in historical records.
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Three Kingdoms is a 2010 Chinese television series based on the events in the late Eastern Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period. The plot is adapted from the 14th century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms and other stories about the Three Kingdoms period. Directed by Gao Xixi,the series had a budget of over 160 million RMB and took five years of pre-production work. Shooting of the series commenced in October 2008,and it was released in China in May 2010.
The Battle of Pengcheng was fought in Pengcheng in April 205 BC between the kingdoms of Western Chu and Han,led by Xiang Yu and Liu Bang respectively. The Han forces were unprepared and suffered heavy losses. Several of Liu Bang's family members were captured and some of his allies defected to Chu as a result of his defeat.
Chen Ping was a Chinese politician who served as a chancellor in the early Western Han dynasty. He was an advisor to Liu Bang,the founding emperor of the Han dynasty. He played an important role in helping Liu Bang overcome his rival,Xiang Yu,in the Chu–Han Contention.
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Ying Bu was a Chinese military general,monarch,politician,and warlord who lived during the early Han dynasty. He was a native of Lu County. In his early life under the Qin dynasty,Ying Bu was convicted and sentenced to qing,so he was also called Qing Bu (黥布). He was then sent to Mount Li to perform hard labour by constructing Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum. He later escaped with some men and became the leader of a bandit gang. Ying Bu participated in the insurrection against the Qin dynasty after the Dazexiang Uprising broke out in 209 BC. After the uprising failed,he became part of a rebel force led by Xiang Liang. He assisted Xiang Liang's nephew and successor Xiang Yu in overthrowing the Qin dynasty. After the fall of Qin,he initially fought on Xiang Yu's side in the Chu–Han Contention,a power struggle for supremacy over China between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang. However,later,he defected to Liu Bang's side and helped Liu defeat Xiang Yu and become the emperor. During this period of time,Ying Bu held the title "King of Jiujiang". In c.August 203,Liu Bang appointed Ying Bu as a vassal king and granted him the title "King of Huainan". In 196 BC,Ying Bu rebelled against the Han dynasty but was defeated and killed.
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