Zhou Bo (died 169 BC), posthumously known as Marquis Wu of Jiang (绛武侯), was a Chinese military general and politician who served as a chancellor of the early Western Han dynasty.
Zhou Bo's ancestral home was in Juan County (卷縣; present-day Yuanyang County, Henan) but he was born in Pei County in present-day Jiangsu. He was a friend of Liu Bang (Emperor Gaozu), the founding emperor of the Han dynasty. Around 206 BC, he joined Liu Bang in rebelling against the Qin dynasty. After the fall of the Qin dynasty, Zhou Bo fought on Liu Bang's side in the Chu–Han Contention against Liu Bang's rival, Xiang Yu.
After Liu Bang became emperor and established the Han dynasty, he enfeoffed Zhou Bo as the Marquis of Jiang (絳侯) to honour him for his contributions in battle. During the regency of Empress Lü, Zhou Bo served as Grand Commandant (太尉). Zhou Bo later served as the Right Chancellor during the reign of Liu Bang's son, Liu Heng (Emperor Wen), but resigned within a year as he realised that his aptitude for the position was inferior to that of Chen Ping's. However, Chen Ping died soon after holding both Chancellor positions; on 5 December 179 BCE, [3] Zhou Bo was re-appointed Chancellor. Zhou Bo was relieved of his Chancellor post and sent back to his fiefdom in the week of 22 January 177 BCE; [4] Guan Ying was appointed Chancellor in his place on 29 January.
After Zhou Bo died, Emperor Wen awarded him the posthumous title "Marquis Wu" (武侯; literally "military marquis").
One of Zhou Bo's sons, Zhou Yafu, served under Liu Qi (Emperor Jing), Emperor Wen's successor, and played a key role in suppressing the Rebellion of the Seven States.
Lü Zhi, courtesy name E'xu (娥姁) and commonly known as Empress Lü and formally Empress Gao of Han, was the empress consort of Gaozu, the founding emperor of the Han dynasty. They had two known children, Liu Ying and Princess Yuan of Lu. Lü was the first woman to assume the title Empress of China and paramount power. After Gaozu's death, she was honoured as empress dowager and regent during the short reigns of Emperor Hui and his successors Emperor Qianshao of Han and Liu Hong.
Emperor Hui of Han was the second emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty. He was the second son of Emperor Gaozu, the first Han emperor, and the only son of Empress Lü from the powerful Lü clan. Han Huidi is generally remembered as a somewhat weak character dominated and terrorized by his mother, Lady Lü.
Emperor Wen of Han, born Liu Heng, was the fifth emperor of the Western Han dynasty in China from 180 to his death in 157 BCE. The son of Emperor Gao and Consort Bo, his reign provided a much needed stability within the ruling Liu clan after the unstable and violent regency of Empress Lü, who went after numerous members of the clan. The prosperous reigns of Wen and his son Emperor Jing are highly regarded by historians, being referred to as the Rule of Wen and Jing.
Emperor Jing of Han was the sixth emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty from 157 to 141 BC. His reign saw the limiting of the power of the feudal kings/princes which resulted in the Rebellion of the Seven States in 154 BC. Emperor Jing managed to crush the revolt and princes were thereafter denied rights to appoint ministers for their fiefs. This move helped to consolidate central power which paved the way for the long reign of his son Emperor Wu of Han.
Han Xin was a Chinese military general and politician who served Liu Bang during the Chu–Han Contention and contributed greatly to the founding of the Han dynasty. Han Xin was named as one of the "Three Heroes of the early Han dynasty", along with Zhang Liang and Xiao He.
Zhang Yan, known formally as Empress Xiaohui (孝惠皇后) was an empress during the Han Dynasty. She was a daughter of Princess Yuan of Lu and her husband Zhang Ao, the Prince of Zhao and later Marquess of Xuanping.
Liu Zhang (劉章), formally Prince Jing of Chengyang (城陽景王), sometimes known in later historical accounts and literature by his earlier title, Marquess of Zhuxu (朱虛侯), was an important political figure in the anti-Lü clan conspiracy during the Lü Clan Disturbance in 180 BC.
Peng Yue, courtesy name Zhong, was a Chinese military general and politician in the late Qin dynasty and early Western Han dynasty. He was involved in the Chu–Han Contention – a power struggle between the Han dynasty's founder, Liu Bang, and his rival, Xiang Yu – as an ally of Liu Bang. In recognition of his contributions, Liu Bang granted Peng Yue the title "King of Liang" (梁王) after the Han dynasty was established.
Liu Taigong, personal name Liu Tuan, was the father of Liu Bang.
Liu Fei, formally King Daohui of Qi was the eldest son of Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han, and Consort Cao—initially his mistress when they lived in the same village. After Liu Bang decisively defeated Xiang Yu in the Battle of Gaixia in 202 BC, he proclaimed himself the emperor of the new Han dynasty and named Liu Fei, his first son, the King of Qi.
Liu Ruyi, posthumously known as the "Suffering King of Zhao", was the only son of the first Han emperor Liu Bang's concubine Consort Qi. He was a favorite of the emperor and appointed king or prince of Dai and Zhao, but loathed by his stepmother, the Empress Lü Zhi, as consort Qi had attempted to persuade Liu Bang to have Liu Ruyi replace Liu Ying as crown prince. Despite his half-brother Emperor Hui's protection, she finally succeeded in killing him in 194 BC.
Cao Shen or Cao Can, courtesy name Jingbo, was a Chinese politician. He served as a chancellor of the Western Han dynasty. He participated in the Chu–Han Contention on Liu Bang 's side and contributed greatly to the founding of the Han dynasty.
Zang Tu was a Chinese military general, monarch, politician, and warlord who lived during the late Qin dynasty and early Han dynasty of China.
Liu Pi was a nephew of Emperor Gao of Han, son of Liu Xi, Prince of Dai, and appointed Prince of Wu by Emperor Gao. During the reign of Emperor Jing, he initiated the Rebellion of the Seven States to resist the Emperor's centralizing policies, during which he was defeated and killed.
Liu Jiao was a younger brother of Emperor Gaozu of Han and a famous scholar.
Chen Ping was a Chinese politician who served as a chancellor in the early Western Han dynasty. He was an advisor to Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Han dynasty. He played an important role in helping Liu Bang overcome his rival, Xiang Yu, in the Chu–Han Contention.
Ying Bu was a warlord and vassal king who lived in the early Han dynasty. He was a native of Lu County. In his early life under the Qin dynasty, Ying Bu was convicted and sentenced to qing, so he was also called Qing Bu (黥布). He was then sent to Mount Li to perform hard labour by constructing Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum. He later escaped with some men and became the leader of a bandit gang. Ying Bu participated in the insurrection against the Qin dynasty after the Dazexiang Uprising broke out in 209 BC. After the uprising failed, he became part of a rebel force led by Xiang Liang. He assisted Xiang Liang's nephew and successor Xiang Yu in overthrowing the Qin dynasty. After the fall of Qin, he initially fought on Xiang Yu's side in the Chu–Han Contention, a power struggle for supremacy over China between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang. However, later, he defected to Liu Bang's side and helped Liu defeat Xiang Yu and become the emperor. During this period of time, Ying Bu held the title "King of Jiujiang". In c.August 203, Liu Bang appointed Ying Bu as a vassal king and granted him the title "King of Huainan". In 196 BC, Ying Bu rebelled against the Han dynasty but was defeated and killed.
Liu Rong was the eldest son of Emperor Jing of the Han dynasty. His mother was Lady Li (栗姬). He was made crown prince of the empire under the formal title Crown Prince Li (栗太子) on 16 May 153 BC, but demoted less than three years later to Prince of Linjiang, on 17 January 150 BCE. He had the dubious honor of becoming the first deposed crown prince in Chinese imperial history.
Guan Ying, posthumously known as Marquis Yi of Yingyin, was a Chinese military general and politician who served as a chancellor of the Western Han dynasty.
Chen Xi was a Chinese rebel leader against the first Han emperor Liu Bang.