Xuyi 盱眙县 | |
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Coordinates: 32°58′48″N118°33′36″E / 32.980°N 118.560°E [1] | |
Country | People's Republic of China |
Province | Jiangsu |
Prefecture-level city | Huai'an |
Area | |
• Total | 2,497 km2 (964 sq mi) |
Population (2018) | |
• Total | 798,600 |
• Density | 320/km2 (830/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Postal code | 211700 |
Website | http://www.xuyi.gov.cn/ |
Xuyi County | |||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 盱眙 縣 | ||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 盱眙 县 | ||||||||
Postal | Chuyi | ||||||||
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Xuyi is a county under the administration of Huai'an Prefecture in central Jiangsu Province in eastern China. The southernmost of Huai'an's county-level divisions,it borders the prefecture-level cities of Suqian,Jiangsu,to the north and Chuzhou,Anhui,to the south and west. Xuyi is the site of the Ming Zuling tombs and also noted for production of crayfish.
Xuyi is the atonal pinyin romanization of the Standard Mandarin pronunciation of the Chinese name 盱眙 . The same name was previously romanized as Hsü-i in Wade-Giles and Chuyi in Postal Map romanization. The meaning of the name is unclear,but probably derives from phonetic transcription of an earlier name from the Dongyi or Wu who once held the area. It has also been variously derived from the idea of looking ahead with one's eyes opened wide—in reference to its position on a hill in wide plain [2] [3] —or to another nearby hill named Xuyi. [4]
In medieval China, the area around Xuyi was administered as part of the prefecture or subprefecture of Sizhou. It was the hometown of Zhu Yuanzhang's family, which fled to Fengyang before his birth and rise to power as the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming. He subsequently erected the expansive Ming Zuling tomb nearby, where veneration could be offered to his grandfather, great-grandfather, and great-great-grandfather, all posthumously elevated to the dignity of honorary emperors. Under the Ming, the area was part of Nanzhili, the special directly-administered district around the southern capital at Nanjing.
Under the Qing, the province was renamed Jiangnan. Sizhou fell under its "Left" Governor and was later made part of Anhui Province. During the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, the Yellow River —then still flowing along a course south of Shandong —diverted to join the Huai further upstream. Its silt blocked the previous course of the Huai and caused Hongze Lake to grow enormously, swallowing both Sizhou and Ming Zuling tombs. With the previous county seat submerged, administration was moved first to Xuyi in 1680 and then west to the new Si County in 1777.
After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Xuyi and Sihong were both moved from Anhui to Jiangsu in 1955 to allow for unified administration for the entire area around Hongze Lake. [5] By the early 1960s, the lake had receded enough that the long-flooded Ming Zuling was rediscovered. After the Cultural Revolution ended, the provincial and national cultural administrations excavated and restored the tombs. [6]
At present, Xuyi County has 14 towns and 5 townships. [7]
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Climate data for Xuyi (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 20.6 (69.1) | 26.5 (79.7) | 29.8 (85.6) | 33.8 (92.8) | 36.7 (98.1) | 37.5 (99.5) | 39.3 (102.7) | 38.6 (101.5) | 37.4 (99.3) | 33.3 (91.9) | 28.9 (84.0) | 22.7 (72.9) | 39.3 (102.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.2 (43.2) | 9.1 (48.4) | 14.4 (57.9) | 21.0 (69.8) | 26.0 (78.8) | 29.1 (84.4) | 31.4 (88.5) | 30.8 (87.4) | 27 (81) | 22.1 (71.8) | 15.5 (59.9) | 8.7 (47.7) | 20.1 (68.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.9 (35.4) | 4.4 (39.9) | 9.3 (48.7) | 15.6 (60.1) | 20.9 (69.6) | 24.7 (76.5) | 27.5 (81.5) | 26.9 (80.4) | 22.7 (72.9) | 17.1 (62.8) | 10.5 (50.9) | 4.2 (39.6) | 15.5 (59.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.3 (29.7) | 0.8 (33.4) | 5.1 (41.2) | 10.8 (51.4) | 16.4 (61.5) | 20.9 (69.6) | 24.4 (75.9) | 23.9 (75.0) | 19.3 (66.7) | 13.2 (55.8) | 6.7 (44.1) | 0.7 (33.3) | 11.7 (53.1) |
Record low °C (°F) | −12.6 (9.3) | −13.3 (8.1) | −7.4 (18.7) | −0.5 (31.1) | 6.2 (43.2) | 12.0 (53.6) | 16.8 (62.2) | 15.8 (60.4) | 10.4 (50.7) | 1.1 (34.0) | −6.4 (20.5) | −13.5 (7.7) | −13.5 (7.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 36.5 (1.44) | 40.2 (1.58) | 62.4 (2.46) | 55.6 (2.19) | 76.0 (2.99) | 156.5 (6.16) | 239.5 (9.43) | 184.7 (7.27) | 89.2 (3.51) | 55.9 (2.20) | 50.3 (1.98) | 29.0 (1.14) | 1,075.8 (42.35) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.8 | 7.8 | 8.7 | 8.2 | 8.9 | 9.6 | 13.3 | 12.8 | 8.4 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 6.1 | 104.8 |
Average snowy days | 3.8 | 2.7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 9.4 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 72 | 71 | 69 | 68 | 70 | 76 | 83 | 84 | 80 | 74 | 73 | 70 | 74 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 126.6 | 128.5 | 159.5 | 186.3 | 188.3 | 151.8 | 167.2 | 174.8 | 162.5 | 163.6 | 140.1 | 137.3 | 1,886.5 |
Percent possible sunshine | 40 | 41 | 43 | 48 | 44 | 36 | 39 | 43 | 44 | 47 | 45 | 44 | 43 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration [8] [9] |
The Xuyi Olympic Sports Centre Stadium is located in the city of Xuyi. The football stadium has a capacity of 18,000 and it opened in 2017. [10]
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The Ming Ancestors Mausoleum, Ming Ancestor Tomb, or Zuling Tomb was the first imperial mausoleum complex of the Ming dynasty, constructed at a geomantically advantageous site near the inlet of the Huai River into the west side of Hongze Lake in present-day Xuyi County, Huai'an Prefecture, Jiangsu Province, China. Built between 1386 and 1413 by Zhu Yuanzhang—the Hongwu Emperor who founded the Ming—and his son Zhu Di the Yongle Emperor to display their filial piety, it was located north of the town of Sizhou, where the ancestors of the dynasty had lived. The remains of the Hongwu Emperor's grandfather Zhu Chuyi are known to have been disintered and moved to the site. He, his father Zhu Sijiu, and his grandfather Zhu Bailiu were posthumously revered at the site as honorary emperors, Zhu Chuyi as the Xi Ancestor of the Ming (Xizu), Zhu Sijiu as the Yi Ancestor of the Ming (Yizu), and Zhu Bailiu as the De Ancestor of the Ming (Dezu).
Sizhou, Si Prefecture, or Si Subprefecture was a zhou of imperial China variously placed in what is now Xuyi County, Jiangsu, or nearby Si County, Anhui, both in China. Named for the Si River, it existed intermittently from 580 to 1912, during which time the relative position of a zhou within Chinese administrations varied. The same name Sizhou was used for the town used as the seat of the prefectural or subprefectural government, which also varied, and is preserved in modern Anhui's Si County and Sicheng.