National Capital Region NCR | |
---|---|
Region | |
Coordinates: 28°39′38″N77°06′32″E / 28.66056°N 77.10889°E | |
Country | India |
States | Haryana Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan |
Union territory | Delhi |
Created | 1985 [1] |
Major cities | Delhi, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Gurugram, Noida |
Government | |
• Regional authority | National Capital Region Planning Board |
Area | |
• Total | 55,083 km2 (21,268 sq mi) |
Population | |
• Total | 46,069,000 |
• Density | 840/km2 (2,200/sq mi) |
GDP | |
• Total | US$272.603 billion |
Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
Website | ncrpb |
The National Capital Region (NCR) is a planning region centered upon the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi in India. It encompasses Delhi and several districts surrounding it from the states of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. [2] The NCR and the associated National Capital Region Planning Board (NCRPB) were created in 1985 to plan the development of the region and to evolve harmonized policies for the control of land-uses and development of infrastructure in the region. [5] Prominent cities of NCR include Delhi, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon and Noida.
The NCR is a rural-urban region, with a population of over 46,069,000 and an urbanisation level of 62.6%. [3] As well as the cities and towns, the NCR contains ecologically sensitive areas like the Aravalli ridge, forests, wildlife and bird sanctuaries. [6] The Delhi Extended Urban Agglomeration, a part of the NCR, had an estimated GDP of $370 billion (measured in terms of GDP PPP) in 2015–16. [7]
Despite being a part of the NCR, the Government of India's think tank, NITI Aayog, listed the Nuh district of Haryana as the most underdeveloped compared to all of India's 739 districts. [8]
The National Capital Region (NCR) and its planning board were created under the National Capital Region Planning Board Act of 1985. [1] That 1985 Act defined the NCR as being the whole of Delhi; the Haryana districts of Gurgaon (then including the Nuh district), Faridabad and Sonipat, Rohtak (then including Jhajjar tehsil) and the Rewari tehsil then in Mahendragarh district; and the Uttar Pradesh districts of Bulandshahr, Muzaffarnagar, Meerut (then including Baghpat tehsil), and Ghaziabad (then including Hapur tehsil), and some part of the Rajasthan district of Alwar. [9] [5] The 1985 boundary of the NCR covered an area of 34,144 square kilometres (13,183 sq mi). [3] : 3
Prior to the creation of the NCR, an area described as the Delhi Metropolitan Area (DMA) was described in the 1962 Master Plan for Delhi. That plan defined the DMA as comprising the National Capital Territory and the ring towns of Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Ballabhgarh, Gurgaon, Bahadurgarh and Loni, also certain rural areas, which had a population of the somewhat less than 2.1 million in 1951. [10] The following "Master Plan for Delhi", approved in August 1990, added Noida, Bahadurgarh and the then-proposed township of Kundli to the DMA, which consequently covered an area of 3,182 km2. [11]
Gautam Budh Nagar district was created in 1997 out of the existing NCR districts of Ghaziabad and Bulandshahr. The city of Noida was the location of the new district's headquarters. [12] Also in 1997 Baghpat district was created from Baghpat tehsil of Meerut district. [13]
In July 2013, the NCR was expanded to include three more districts, Bhiwani, and Mahendragarh in the state of Haryana, as well as Bharatpur in the state of Rajasthan. This brought the number of districts in the NCR to 19 (outside Delhi NCT), with the total NCR area increasing 34% to 45,887 km2. [14] [15] Subsequently, Charkhi Dadri district was separated from Bhiwani district in 2016. [16]
On 9 June 2015, the Government of India approved the inclusion of three more districts in NCR – Jind, Panipat, Karnal in the state of Haryana and Muzaffarnagar in Uttar Pradesh. [17] [18] [19] [20] covering a total area of 50,566 km2. [21] Shamli district of U.P. was added to the NCR in December 2017. [22] As of 2021, there are a total of 24 districts in the NCR, excluding the 11 districts of Delhi.
On 9 January 2018, the government of Uttar Pradesh formally proposed the extension of the NCR to cover the districts Aligarh, Bijnor, Hathras and Mathura. [23]
Under the "Draft Regional Plan 2041", it has been proposed to limit the NCR region to 100-km radius from Rajghat in Delhi for more focused and sustainable development of the region. [24] [25] Government of Haryana has requested NCRPB for at least one-third reduction of its share in the NCR region. [26]
A total of 24 districts in three neighbouring states of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan along with whole of the National Capital Territory of Delhi constitute the National Capital Region (NCR) of India. [27]
The areas and populations (per 2011 census, prior to the addition of Muzaffarnagar, Jind, Karnal and Shamli) of these component districts are set out below: [2] [3] : 3, 6
State/UT | Districts | Area (km2) | Population (in thousands) |
---|---|---|---|
Delhi | Central Delhi | 1,483 | 16,788 |
East Delhi | |||
New Delhi | |||
North Delhi | |||
North East Delhi | |||
North West Delhi | |||
Shahdara | |||
South Delhi | |||
South East Delhi | |||
South West Delhi | |||
West Delhi | |||
Haryana | Bhiwani | 25,327 | 11,031 |
Charkhi Dadri | |||
Faridabad | |||
Gurgaon | |||
Jhajjar | |||
Jind | |||
Karnal | |||
Mahendragarh | |||
Nuh | |||
Palwal | |||
Panipat | |||
Rewari | |||
Rohtak | |||
Sonipat | |||
Rajasthan | Alwar | 13,447 | 3,674 |
Bharatpur | |||
Uttar Pradesh | Baghpat | 14,826 | 14,576 |
Bulandshahr | |||
Gautam Buddh Nagar | |||
Ghaziabad | |||
Hapur | |||
Meerut | |||
Muzaffarnagar | |||
Shamli | |||
Total | 55,083 | 46,069 |
The planning body for the region is the National Capital Region Planning Board (NCRPB). It has issued two regional plans, the "Regional Plan 2001, National Capital Region" approved in 1988, [28] and the "Regional Plan 2021, National Capital Region" approved in 2005. [29] Topics covered by the 2001 plan included transport, telecommunications, power and water supply, waste and sewerage, education, health, the environment, housing and the "counter magnet" areas. The 2021 plan extended these with the additional topics of social infrastructure, heritage, tourism, rural development, and disaster management.
The 51% of pollution in NCR is caused by the industrial pollution, 27% by vehicles and 8% by crop burning, consequently there are plans to create a 1,600 km long and 5 km wide The Great Green Wall of Aravalli green ecological corridor along Aravalli range from Gujarat to Delhi to be connected to Sivalik hill range with the planting of 1.35 billion (135 crore) new native trees over 10 years. [30] About 46% of the National Capital Region, home to 40 to 50 million people, is not connected to sewage networks. Sewage from these areas flows into stormwater drains that empty directly into the Yamuna. [31]
A Sports University is proposed to be established in Meerut district of UP Sub-Region.
Delhi NCR has only one high court, which is in Delhi. While it is highly suggested in Regional Plan 2041, Delhi NCR that high court bench must be set up in western Uttar Pradesh, large part of which falls in Delhi NCR. There has been long standing demand for high court bench in Meerut. [32]
Regional Plan 2041, Delhi NCR suggests that industrial growth of western Uttar Pradesh's part of Delhi NCR is being hampered due to unavailability of judicial system. Almost 54% of all cases reaching the High Court originate from the 22 districts of Western UP .
People have to travel 700 km away to Allahabad for hearings. In fact, 6 high courts (Shimla, Delhi, Jaipur, Chandigarh, Nainital, Jammu) from other states are closer than Allahabad from western Uttar Pradesh. Even Lahore high court is closer than Allahabad.
To ease with Transportation within National Capital Region. India's first Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) was developed in Delhi NCR.The first line that will become operational in November, 2023 will be Delhi Meerut RRTS. It is an 82.15 km (51.05 mi) long, semi-high speed rail corridor which will be India's first Regional Rapid Transit System currently under construction. [33]
Out of eight RRTS corridors identified and targeted for development prior to the formation of the NCRTC, the following three were prioritized [34] by India's Planning Commission:
The RapidX trains will have maximum speed for 180 km/h and operation max speed would be 160 km.
The region has the following operation and upcoming expressways -
For regional logistic transportation both Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor and Western Dedicated Freight Corridor will pass through Delhi NCR. Sites like Meerut and Dadri are planned to be proposed logistic hub. [35]
Ashok Agarwal, national president, Indian Industries Association (IIA), said “We have also received queries related to the allotment of land along the Ganga Expressway from investors. Most of the queries are for land in Meerut, Budaun and its adjoining areas”. [36]
A total of three orbital rail corridors of proposed connected important districts of Meerut, Palwal, Sonipat, Noida, Gurugram, Faridabad and covering NCR area in circular fashion by rails for passenger trains and goods.
It is also proposed in Regional Plan 2041, Delhi NCR that all railway lines in NCR should be 4 tracks by 2030 and 06 tracks by 2040, 100% electrified, broad gauge and of high speed, with latest safety systems, Train Autonomous Cicrumambutation System (TACS), Centralised Traffic Control (CTC), etc.
Currently there is only one international airport, which is Indira Gandhi Internal Airport Delhi. Another airport, Jewar Airport Noida which will be Asia's largest airport once full operational is expected to be completed in 2025. Another airport in Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Meerut Airport is proposed in Regional Plan 2041, Delhi NCR. [37]
The city has several metro transit system where the largest network being Delhi Metro which serves Delhi and other regions of NCR including Faridabad, Noida, Gurgaon and Ghaziabad. Noida Metro and Meerut Metro that are separately managed by Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation are the other transit metro systems currently in operation in the city. While Gurgaon Metro set to be operated by Haryana Mass Rapid Transport Corporation Limited is under construction. [38]
The 2001 Regional Plan defined the "Delhi Metropolitan Area" (DMA) as comprising the controlled areas of contiguous towns of Ghaziabad–Loni and Noida in Uttar Pradesh; Faridabad–Ballabhgarh, Gurgaon, Bahadurgarh, Kundli and extension of Delhi Ridge in Haryana. The total area of DMA was 1,696 km2 (655 sq mi), excluding the area of Delhi. [39] [40]
Under the 2021 Regional plan, the Delhi Metropolitan Area was redesignated as "Central National Capital Region" (CNCR) wherein new areas were added. The CNCR comprises controlled areas of contiguous towns of Ghaziabad–Loni and Noida in Uttar Pradesh; Gurgaon–Manesar, Faridabad–Ballabhgarh, Bahadurgarh, and Sonipat–Kundli in Haryana. The total area of CNCR (excluding NCT of Delhi) is approximately 2,000 km2 (770 sq mi). [41] [40] [42]
The 2021 plan estimated the 2001 population of the CNCR outside of Delhi to be over 2.8 million, while Delhi's population was 13.8 million, yielding a total CNCR population of 16.6 million. [43] As of 2016 [update] the most recent population estimates have spanned 25.7 to 26.5 million people. [44] [45]
Delhi NCR faces its own set of challenges.
The 1985 Act (§2.c and §8.f) gives the NCRCB the ability to select districts outside of the NCR to act as counter magnets, with a view to developing them further. [5] : 2, 10 Counter-magnet cities are identified as those that can be developed as alternative centres of growth and attract migrants to them rather than Delhi. [28] : 121 The criteria for selecting counter magnet towns are: that they should have their own established roots and potential of growth, [28] : 121 and should not be centres of either religious, strategic or environmental importance.[ citation needed ] The counter magnet cities should be given priority when allocating funding for development of land, housing and infrastructure. [28] : 126
Following are the nine Counter-Magnet Areas to NCR spread across six states: [46] [47]
Meerut is a city in Meerut district of the western part of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city lies 80 km (50 mi) northeast of the national capital New Delhi, within the National Capital Region and 480 km (300 mi) west of the state capital Lucknow.
Noida, short for New Okhla Industrial Development Authority, is a city located in Gautam Buddha Nagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Noida is a satellite city of Delhi and is a part of the National Capital Region. According to the 2021 Delhi Master Plan, Noida is a part of CNCR or DMA. As per provisional reports of Census of India, the population of Noida in 2011 was 642,381. The city is managed by New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA). The district's administrative headquarters are in the nearby city of Greater Noida.
Faridabad(Hindi pronunciation:[fəɾiːdɑːbɑːd]) is the most populous city in the Indian state of Haryana and a part of Delhi National Capital Region. It is one of the major satellite cities around Delhi and is located 284 kilometres south of the state capital Chandigarh. The river Yamuna forms the eastern district boundary with Uttar Pradesh. The Government of India included it in the second list of Smart Cities Mission on 24 May 2016. As per the 2021 Delhi Regional Plan, Faridabad is a part of the (CNCR) Central National Capital Region or (DMA) Delhi metropolitan area.
Ghaziabad is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and a part of Delhi NCR. It is the administrative headquarters of Ghaziabad district and is the largest city in western Uttar Pradesh, with a population of 1,729,000. Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone. The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards. Well connected by roads and railways, it is a major rail junction for North India. It is part of the Meerut Division of Uttar Pradesh.
Delhi has significant reliance on its transport infrastructure. The city has developed a highly efficient public transport system with the introduction of the Delhi Metro, which is undergoing a rapid modernization and expansion since 2006. There are 16.6 million registered vehicles in the city as of 30 June 2014, which is the highest in the world among all cities, most of which do not follow any pollution emission norm, while the Delhi metropolitan region has 11.2 million vehicles. Delhi and NCR lose nearly 42 crore man-hours every month while commuting between home and office through public transport, due to the traffic congestion. Therefore, serious efforts, including a number of transport infrastructure projects, are under way to encourage usage of public transport in the city.
Greater Noida is a planned city located in the Gautam Buddha Nagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city was created as an extension of the area under the UP Industrial Area Development Act, of 1976. Situated 30 km (19 mi) southeast of the capital city of New Delhi, it takes around 30 minutes to travel between the cities via the Noida-Greater Noida Expressway. The city is administered by the Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority (GNIDA). It is part of Meerut Division in Uttar Pradesh.
Joya is a nagar panchayat located along highway NH-24 in Amroha district in the Western Uttar Pradesh. It is predominantly a milk producing city. Joya was a gram panchayat before 1988. The late Abrar Hussain was the first chairman of Joya in 1988.
Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India with a population of nearly 240 million people. The economy of Uttar Pradesh is the fifth largest among states in India. At current prices, the gross state domestic product (GSDP) of Uttar Pradesh is estimated to be Rs. 24.99 trillion in 2022–23. Merchandise exports from Uttar Pradesh reached US$21.03 billion in FY22.
Noida International Airport, also known as Jewar Airport, is an upcoming international airport being constructed near Jewar in Gautam Buddha Nagar District, Uttar Pradesh in India, which will serve the National Capital Region (NCR). The airport is situated in the new planned YEIDA city.
Delhi, a major metropolitan region of India, is connected to various parts of country through several national highways and expressways. All the highways and expressways from Delhi lead to Haryana or Uttar Pradesh and continue from there.
The Western Peripheral Expressway (WPE) or Kundli–Manesar–Palwal Expressway, is an operational 6-lane, 135.6 km (84.3 mi)-long Expressway in the Haryana state of India. Along with the Eastern Peripheral Expressway, the Western Peripheral Expressway is expected to divert more than 50,000 heavy vehicles away from Delhi, which will help to maintain good air quality in Delhi. Western Peripheral Expressway along with Eastern Peripheral Expressway completes the largest Ring Road around Delhi. There are 10 tolled entries and exits, from north to south - Kundli, Kharkhoda, Bahadurgarh, Badli, Fartukhnagar, Panchgaon, Manesar, Taoru, Sohna & Palwal. Toll rate notified in December 2018 is INR1.35 per km for cars, INR2.18 per km for light motor vehicles, INR4.98 per km for trucks and buses, and two wheelers are not permitted on the expressway.
Delhi Suburban Railway is a suburban rail service operated by Northern Railway for the National Capital Region (NCR). This railway service covers Delhi, along with the adjoining districts of Gurgaon, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Sonipat and other adjoining places in Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. These services are mostly run using EMU and MEMU rakes. This also includes passenger trains and DMU services up to Rewari in Haryana, a part of the NCR. Presently there are 46 railway stations in Delhi.
The Eastern Peripheral Expressway (EPE) or Kundli–Ghaziabad–Palwal Expressway is a 135 km (84 mi) long, 6-lane wide expressway passing through the states of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh in India. The expressway starts from the Western Peripheral Expressway at Kundli, Sonipat, passing through Baghpat, Ghaziabad and Noida districts in UP and Faridabad district in Haryana before rejoining the Western Peripheral Expressway near Dholagarh, Palwal. Eastern Peripheral Expressway along with Western Peripheral Expressway completes the largest Ring Road around Delhi. The Eastern Peripheral Expressway was declared as National Expressway 2 (NE-2) in March 2006.
The Faridabad–Noida–Ghaziabad Expressway or FNG Expressway is an under-construction 56 km long, 6-lane wide expressway in Delhi NCR region of India. It will connect Faridabad in Haryana with Noida and Ghaziabad in Uttar Pradesh.
K. R. Mangalam World School is a school situated in New Delhi, India. It was established in 2004. The school has twelve branches of KRM and also handles the management of Summer Fields School, Kailash Colony.
Western Uttar Pradesh is a region in India that comprises the western districts of Uttar Pradesh state, including the areas of Rohilkhand and those where Khariboli, Braj and Kannauji are spoken. The region has some demographic, economic and cultural patterns that are distinct from other parts of Uttar Pradesh, and more closely resemble those of Haryana and Rajasthan states. Western Uttar Pradesh has experienced rapid economic growth, in a fashion similar to Haryana and Punjab, due to the successes of the Green Revolution. A significant part of western Uttar Pradesh is a part of National Capital Region of India. The largest city of the region is Ghaziabad, while the second-largest city, Agra, is a major tourist destination.
The National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC) is a joint venture company of the Government of India and the states of Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi. The NCRTC is the owner of RapidX, the Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) project across the National Capital Region (NCR), inaugurated on 20 October 2023. It is operated by Deutsche Bahn.
Delhi–Meerut Expressway or National Expressway 3 is India's widest 96 km long controlled-access expressway, connecting Delhi with Meerut via Dasna in Ghaziabad in India. The 8 lanes old stretch of National Highway 9 (NH-9) up to Dasna is widened to 14 lanes. The fourth phase of the expressway is built on a new alignment from Dasna to Meerut – a six-lane stretch joining Meerut bypass. The 28 km (17 mi) stretch between Nizamuddin Bridge and Dasna is one of the most congested areas in the NCR. The total project cost is estimated to be between ₹8,000–10,000 crores.
Delhi–Alwar Regional Rapid Transit System is a 164 km long under-construction semi-high speed rail corridor connecting Delhi, Gurgaon, Rewari and Alwar. It is one of the three RapidX corridors planned under Phase-1 of the Rapid Rail Transport System of the National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC). With maximum speed of 160 km/h and average speed of 105 km/h, the distance between Delhi and Alwar will be covered in 104 minutes. The project is expected to cost ₹37,000 crores.
Urban Extension Road-II or NH-344M is an upcoming 75.7 km long, 6 lanes & 6 lanes wide access-controlled expressway in Delhi NCR, India. It would start from National Highway 44 at Alipur then passes from Rohini, Mundka, Najafgarh, Dwarka and end at Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway on National Highway 48 near Mahipalpur. Its main route forms a semicircle on the western side of Delhi, additionally it has two side spurs - one from Bawana in Northwest Delhi to Sonipat in Bawana's North and second in west Delhi from between Tikri border & Najafgarh to NH9 Bahadurgarh south bypass. Delhi NCT has 4 concentric ring roads around it - namely Inner Ring Road; Outer Ring Road; third ring outside it formed by the combination of UER-II & Chilla-Okhla Expressway, and fourth ring formed by the combination of part of Dwarka Expressway & Gurugaon-Ghata Expressway, Gurgaon-Sohna Elevated Corridor Expressway, Sohna-Faridabad section of Delhi-Mumbai Expressway, Faridabad–Noida–Ghaziabad Expressway (FNG), Ghaziabad-Narela Expressway (planned) and Rai-Narela-Bahadurgarh-Gurgaon Expressway. Outside these ring roads, NCR region will have 3 Regional Circular Expressways and 3 Zonal Circular Expressways (ZCE).
The National Capital Region (NCR) in India was constituted under the NCRPB Act, 1985
Government of India vide Notification dated 1.10.2013 has included Bhiwani and Mahendragarh districts of the State of Haryana and Bharatpur district of the State of Rajasthan
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