Nuh district, formerly known as the Mewat district, is one of the 22 districts of the northern Indian state of Haryana. The district is known for having the largest Muslim population in Haryana. It lies within the National Capital Region as well as the historical Mewat region and Braj region of India.
In 2018, the Government of India's think tank NITI Aayog listed Nuh district as the most underdeveloped of India's 739 districts.[2] Despite bordering Gurgaon district, Haryana's rich industrial and financial heartland, this district had the worst health and nutrition, education, agriculture and water resources, financial inclusion and skill development and basic infrastructure.[3][4]
The Nuh district area is a small part of the vast historical and cultural region of Mewat.
During the Maratha Empire, Mahadaji Shinde, had conquered most of the region from the Mughals and northern Mewat (Nuh district) came under the Maratha Confederacy. All of the Gurgaon district area of Punjab (which consisted of present-day districts of Faridabad, Rewari, and Mahendargah and Nuh) was conquered by French generals in late 18th century.
After the Rebellion of 1857, the Nuh district area became a part of the Gurgaon district in the Punjab Province of British India. The Meos of southern Gurgaon (modern-day Nuh district) were leaders in the Rebellion and even momentarily formed their own government of Chaudharies as they drove the British out.[8]
During the British Era, The Meo Muslims who inhabited this region were syncretic in past rituals.
"The Meos (Muhammadans) of the eastern Punjab still participate in the observance of the Holi and Diwali festivals. On the latter occasion they paint the horns, hoofs, etc.,of their bullocks and join in the general rejoicings".[9]:174
—Excerpt from the Census of India (Punjab Province), 1911 AD
In the 1920s the grassroots Islamic movement Tablighi Jamaat arose from this region under Muhammad Ilyas Kandhlwai as a reformist movement.[10] This Muslim region was heavily inflicted by partition violence of 1947, which in turn naturally altered the syncretic life style of people in the region.[11] During partition some Meo Muslim villages were attacked; when the Meos retaliated they were attacked by the Hindu princely state maharajas. The violence has been remembered by the Meo Muslims and lead them to embrace a more Islamic identity.[12] The Meos' Islamic identity has also been enhanced due to better education, communication and transportation. As secular schools have increase in the area, so have the religious madrassas. Many Meos have traveled to Delhi to attend religious gatherings, or visited their relatives in Pakistan.[12]
During Indian independence, there was a surge in Communal tension when Jinnah demanded for a separate nation as a result of which Partition of India was proposed by the British rulers. A branch of the All India Muslim League was established in the area, which had proposed a separate province for Meos and a significant number of Meos became members of the organization.[13]
Yasin Khan's political leadership created three infamous political dynasties in the region, the Tayyab Husain clan, Rahim Khan clan and the Ahmed clan. Yasin Khan put forward two political leaders during his lifetime, his own son, Tayyab Husain and Khurshid Ahmed. Later on, Rahim Khan also emerged as political leader in rebellion to these two in the region. These political dynasties have gained notoriety and continue to have significant influence in the politics and culture of district.[15]
The district was officially established on 4 April 2005, by taking areas from Gurgaon district and the Hathin sub-division of Faridabad district. However, in 2008, Hathin sub-division was reorganized in the new district of Palwal. The district was renamed from Mewat to Nuh in 2016, because Mewat is a historical and cultural region which spans farther into the states of Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The Nuh district, although was called Mewat, did not encompass the entire historical Mewat region, rather only a small part of it[16][17] The district currently comprises Nuh, Taoru, Nagina, Ferozepur Jhirka, Indri, Punhana and Pinangwan blocks, 431 villages and 297 panchayats. There had been 512 villages and 365 panchayats in district before Hathin Block was transferred to Palwal district.[citation needed]
The total area of Nuh district is 1,507 square kilometres (582sqmi).[18]
Administrative divisions
There are 4 subdivisions or tehsils in the district with one sub-tehsil for the Nuh tehsil. There are a total of 7 blocks in the district as mentioned below:[19]
According to the 2011 census, Nuh district had a population of 1,089,263.[1] By population, it ranks 420th among the 640 districts of India.[1] The district had a population density of 729 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,890/sqmi).[1] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 37.94%.[1] It had a sex ratio of 906 females for every 1000 males,[1] and a literacy rate of 56.1%. 11.39% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes make up 6.91% of the population.[1]
The main occupation in the district is agriculture, followed by allied and agro-based activities. The Meos are the predominant population group and are all agriculturists.[25]
Transport
Nuh town is on National Highway 248A (NH 248A) (previously known as the Gurgaon–Sohna–Alwar road),[26] connecting the district to Gurugram and Alwar. The Kundli–Manesar–Palwal (KMP) Expressway provides high-speed access to the district from Palwal and Manesar. Major District Roads 131 and 135 connect to the Delhi–Agra Highway. The nearest railway station is Hodal which is around 20 kilometres (12mi) from Punahana town. The closest railway station to the district headquarters, Nuh town, is 37 kilometres (23mi) away in Palwal.[citation needed]
↑ 1941 figures are for Nuh and Firozpur Jhirka tehsils of the former Gurgaon District, which roughly corresponds to present-day Nuh district. Historic district borders may not be an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Mewat is a historical and cultural region which encompasses parts of the modern-day states of Haryana, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh in northwestern India.
Gurgaon district, officially known as Gurugram district, is one of the 22 districts of Haryana in northern India. The city of Gurgaon is the administrative headquarters of the district. The population is 1,514,432. It is one of the southern districts of Haryana. On its north, it is bounded by the district of Jhajjar and the Union Territory of Delhi. Faridabad district lies to its east. To its south lie the districts of Palwal and Nuh. To the west lies Rewari district.
Ferozepur Jhirka is a town and historical settlement in the Ferozepur Jhirka sub-division of the Nuh district in the Indian state of Haryana.
Nuh is a city and administrative headquarters of the Nuh district, located in the state of Haryana within the National Capital Region of India.
Punhana is a town in the Nuh district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is also the origin place of Chaudhary Rahim Khan. It lies within the National Capital Region as well as the Braj region of India.
Sohna is a town and a municipal council in the Gurugram district of Haryana, India. A popular tourist weekend and conference retreat, it is on the highway from Gurugram to Alwar near a vertical rock. Sohna is known for its hot springs and Shiva temple. Major communities in Sohna are Gurjars, Meo, Ahir, Rajput and jaat]]. Gurugram district is divided into 4 sub-divisions each headed by a Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM): Gurugram, Sohna, Pataudi and Badshahpur.
Taoru or Tauru is a town, near Nuh city in Nuh district in the Indian state of Haryana.
Tijara is a city and a municipality in Khairthal-Tijara district of the Indian state of Rajasthan. Tijara comes under the NCR area and is situated 55 km to the northeast of Alwar. The nearest railway station to Tijara is Khairthal. Bhiwadi is a census town in Tijara. It is the biggest industrial area of Rajasthan and part of the historical Ahirwal Mewat region. Tijara is dominated by Ahir and Meo community. The new political map has not erased the ancient Ahirwal-Mewat boundaries.Ahirwal was a post-Mughal principality ruled by Ahirs or Yadavs.
Haryana, formed on 1 November 1966, is a state in North India. For the administrative purpose, Haryana is divided into 6 revenue divisions which are further divided into 22 districts. For Law and Order maintenance, it is divided into 5 Police Ranges and 4 Police Commissionerates.
Gandhi Gram Ghasera or Ghasera is a village in Nuh district of Haryana state in northern India. It is dominated by Meos. Gandhi was added to its name after it was visited by Mahatma Gandhi who asked the predominantly Muslim Meos to not migrate to Pakistan.
This is the alphabetical categorised list of statewide, regional and local political families involved in the politics and various elections of Haryana state of India at state and national level.
Ujina is a Village located in Hodal-Nuh road in Nuh district in Haryana. In Ancient time, Ujina was popular with the name of Ujina Lake as in rainy season it totally covered with water and people of nearby territories often came here for sightseeing. Ujina has 100% Hindu population. The People of Ujina actively participated in every war of Independence of India, whether it was the 1857 war; The First war of Independence or the Satyagrah by Mahatma Gandhi.
Ghasera Fort is a ruined fort in Ghasera village in Nuh district of Haryana state in northern India, which has been notified as a protected monument by the state government. Currently, the majority of the residents of the village are Muslim Meos, though Hindus also live there. Battle of ghasera won by Rajputs against mughal, Yadav, Jat etc.
Chaudhary Zakir Hussain is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He serves as administrator of the Haryana Waqf Board and is the National Vice-President of Bharatiya Janata Party Minority Morcha from Haryana. He is a three term former member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly from Nuh and Taoru.
Chaudhary Khurshid Ahmed was an Indian politician and a practicing lawyer before the Supreme Court of India, who served as Member of Lok Sabha in a by-poll election from the Lokdal party proceeding the death of the previous office holder, Chaudhary Rahim Khan. Ahmed was a Member of Parliament for no longer than 8 months. He was also elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly to the Punjab and Haryana assembly five times.
Bhadas is a village, near Nuh city in Nuh district of Haryana state of India. It lies in the Mewat region of Delhi NCR and Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor. It is located on the MDR135 to Hathin–Palwal and is also adjacent to the Delhi–Mumbai Expressway. It is 20 km from the Ferozepur Jhirka subdivision and 20 km from the Nuh city, district headquarter, 100 km far from national capital New Delhi and 355 km from state capital Chandigarh. It falls on the southern border of Haryana, near Alwar and Bharatpur Districts of Rajasthan. This lies in one of the most backward areas of the nation.
Chaudhary Aftab Ahmed is an Indian politician, who has served as the Deputy Leader of Opposition of the Haryana Legislative Assembly from 2019 to 2024. He has also served as the Minister of Transport, Tourism, Printing & Stationery in the Government of Haryana and as the Vice-President of the Haryana Pradesh Congress Committee. He is a member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly from the Nuh constituency since 2019.
The 2023 Haryana riots commonly referred to as the Nuh violence were a series of clashes in northern India that originated in the state of Haryana and have subsequently spread to nearby regions. On 31 July 2023, communal violence erupted in the Nuh district of Haryana between Muslims and Hindus during an annual Brajmandal Yatra pilgrimage organised by the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP). By the evening of the same day, fresh incidents of communal violence were reported from Gurugram and Sohna. As of 3 August 2023, the situation had resulted in at least seven fatalities and over 200 reported injuries.
Chaudhary Rahim Khan was an Indian politician, who served as a Member of Parliament representing the Faridabad constituency in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. He died before he was to complete his term as Member of Parliament. He served as the Minister of Power and Irrigation, Waqf, and Fisheries in the Government of Haryana and was also elected as a Member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly three times.
Chaudhary Jaleb Khan also known as Baba Jaleb Khan was an Indian politician who served as a Chief Parliamentary Secretary in the Government of Haryana. He was elected as a Member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly from the Hathin constituency once in 2009 and served his complete term till 2014.
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