Elections in Haryana , which is a state in India, have been conducted since 1967 to elect the members of state-level Haryana Legislative Assembly and national-level Lok Sabha. There are 90 assembly constituencies (17 reserved for SC) and 10 Lok Sabha constituencies (2 reserved for SC). [1]
Prior to Haryana's establishment as a separate state in 1966, after carving out Haryana from Punjab, elections in Haryana were part of elections in unified Punjab. Cis-Sutlej states, which included princely states of Jind, Kaithal and Kalsia, as well as the parts of pricnely states of Patiala and Nabha falling in Haryana, were merged with the PEPSU Legislative Assembly (existed 1948 - 1956). On 1 November 1956, PEPSU was merged mostly into Punjab State following the States Reorganisation Act. [2] Part of former state of PEPSU lie within the present state of Haryana which was separated from Punjab on 1 November 1966, those parts include the area around Jind and the Narnaul enclave. Until 1967 elections in Haryana were part of the Elections in Punjab.
Haryana was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 November 1966 on linguistic as well as on cultural basis. [3] [4] Since 1967 elections have been held by the Election Commission of Haryana. [1] 1st (1951), 2nd (1957) and 3rd (1962) Lok Sabha elections (also called general elections) were held when Haryana was still part of Punjab. Haryana was divided into 10 Lok Sabha constituencies, out of which 2 are reserved. After the electoral boundaries delimitation in 2007 by the Delimitation Commission of India, Bhiwani and Mahendragarh constituencies became defunctional and those were replaces by 2 new reorganised constituencies. [5]
After formation of Haryana in 1966, the composition of Lok Sabha was changed and seats were enhanced to accommodate additional seats from the newly formed state of Haryana. [6] Last delimitation of electoral boundaries of Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha constituencies in Haryana was done by the Delimitation Commission of India in 2007-08. [7] After the delimitation in 2007-08, Bhiwani and Mahendragarh constituencies were merged to form Bhiwani–Mahendragarh and a new Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency was craved out by bifurcating the existing Faridabad Lok Sabha Constituency. [5] [8]
Currently Haryana has 10 Lok Sabha and 90 Vidhan Sabha seats, of which 2 Lok Sabha and 17 Vidhan Sabha seats are reserved for the Scheduled Castes. For the 2026 delimitation, Haryana is proposed to have 14 Lok Sabha and 126 Vidhan Sabha seats, of which 3 Lok Sabha (1 more) and 25 Vidhan Sabha (8 more) seats will be reserved. This will add 4 Lok Sabha and 36 Vidhan Sabha seats to Haryana. [9]
In politics of Haryana, the Indian National Congress (INC), Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Indian National Lok Dal (INLD), Jannayak Janta Party (JJP) And Rashatarvadi Janlok Parties (RJP)operated by Sher Singh Rana are the major political parties in the state. In the past, various parties such as Haryana Vikas Party (HVP), Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) (HJC-BL), Janata Dal (JD), Janata Party (JP), Vishal Haryana Party (VHP), Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS) among others have been influential in the state.
The dynastic political clans of Haryana are often criticised for the infamous self-serving politics of the Aaya Ram Gaya Ram turncoats who notoriously engage in the frequent party switching, political horse trading, unholy political alliances, political corruption, political cronyism, nepotistic-dynastic rule which serves their own clan more than it serves their voters and people of Haryana they are ought to serve. [10] [11]
Elections in Haryana are conducted by the Election Commission of Haryana (ECH), which operates under the Election Commission of India (ECI. Administration of ECH at state level is under the "Chief Electoral Officer of Haryana", who is an IAS officer of Principal Secretary rank. At the district and constituency levels, the District Magistrates (in their capacity as District Election Officers), Electoral Registration Officers and Returning Officers perform election work. [12] [13] Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in India at national, state and district level. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state Legislative Assemblies, state legislative Councils, and the offices of the President and Vice President of the country. [13] [14] The Election Commission operates under the authority of Constitution per Article 324, [15] and subsequently enacted Representation of the People Act. [16] [17]
Haryana, after being separated from Punjab, first went to polls in 1967. Lok Sabha elections, also called the General Elections, are held at national level, Vidhan Sabha elections are held to elect the state level assembly, and the grassroots local self-governance elections are held at Municipal and Gram panchayat (village council) level.
Haryana has 10 Lok Sabha constituencies, including 2 reserved constituencies (Ambala and Sirsa).
Year | Lok Sabha Election | Party-wise Details | |
---|---|---|---|
1967 | Fourth Lok Sabha | Total: 9. INC: 7, BJS: 1, Independent: 1 [18] | |
1971 | Fifth Lok Sabha | Total: 9. INC: 7, BJS: 1, VHP: 1 | |
1977 | Sixth Lok Sabha | Total: 10. Janata Party/BLD: 10. | |
1980 | Seventh Lok Sabha | Total: 10. Congress(Indira): 5, JP(S): 4, JP: 1 | |
1984 | Eighth Lok Sabha | Total: 10. INC: 10 | |
1989 | Ninth Lok Sabha | Total: 10. Janata Dal: 6, INC: 4 | |
1991 | Tenth Lok Sabha | Total: 10. INC: 9, HVP: 1 | |
1996 | Eleventh Lok Sabha | Total: 10. BJP: 4 + HVP: 3, INC: 2, Independent: 1 | |
1998 | Twelfth Lok Sabha | Total: 10. HLD(R): 4 + BSP: 1, INC: 3, NDA: 2 (BJP: 1 and HVP: 1) | |
1999 | Thirteenth Lok Sabha | Total: 10. NDA: 10 (BJP: 5 and INLD: 5), INC: 0 | |
2004 | Fourteenth Lok Sabha | Total: 10. INC: 9, BJP: 1 | |
2009 | Fifteenth Lok Sabha | Total: 10. INC: 9, HJC(BL): 1 | |
2014 | Sixteenth Lok Sabha | Total: 10. BJP: 7, INLD: 2, INC: 1 | |
2019 | Seventeenth Lok Sabha | Total: 10. BJP: 10, INLD: 0, INC: 0 | |
2024 | Eighteenth Lok Sabha | Total: 10, BJP: 5, INC: 5 |
The elections for the Haryana Vidhan Sabha are being held since 1967. [19]
Local self-government in India refers to governmental jurisdictions below the level of the state in the federal republic of India with three spheres of government: central (union), state and local. The 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments give recognition and protection to local governments and in addition each state has its own local government legislation. [21] Since 1993, local government in India takes place in two very distinct forms. Urban localities, covered in the 74th amendment to the Constitution, [22] have Nagar Palika but derive their powers from the individual state governments, while the powers of rural localities have been formalized under the panchayati raj system, under the 73rd amendment to the Constitution. [23] District Magistrates (in their capacity as District Election Officers), Electoral Registration Officers and Returning Officers are responsible for conducting municipal and panchayat raj elections at village, block and district level. [21] [12]
Haryana has 22 districts, 72 sub-divisions, 93 tehsils, 50 sub-tehsils, 142 blocks, 154 cities and towns, 6,841 villages, 6212 villages panchayats and numerous smaller dhanis. [24] Haryana has at least 10 municipal corporations (Gurugram, Faridabad, Ambala, Panchkula, Yamunanagar, Rohtak, Hisar, Panipat, Karnal and Sonepat), 18 municipal councils and 52 municipalities (c. Jan 2018). [25] See the partial list (please help expand) of and .
According to Election Commission of Haryana, Haryana had a population of 2,1145,000 and 25,352,000 in 2001 and 2011 respectively. [26] In October 2019, Haryana had 1,82,98,714 voters, including 1,81,91,228 general voters and 1,07,486 Service Voters (postal voters), who will cast votes 19,425 polling stations for the 2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election. [27] Psephologists, electoral data scientists, political analysts, Political forecasters, opinion polls and media often analyse and discuss the electoral demography in terms of gender, age group, castes, electoral geography, ethnic enclaves, swing of voters from/to a particular party or candidate.
According to 2011 Census of India, there are 87.46% Hindus, 7.03% Muslims (mainly Meos), and 4.91% Sikhs. [28] In terms of native language, 47.96% spoke Hindi, 37.24% spoke Haryanvi, 10.57% Punjabi, and 1.23% Urdu. [29] Haryana has 70% rural population who primarily speak Haryanvi language, [30] and related dialects, such as Bagri [31] [32] and Mewati. [33] [34]
Haryana was made a separate state on linguistic and cultural basis. [3] [4] Consequently, within the limited context of elections the psephologists often refer to various geo-ethnic enclaves and geo-linguistic areas of Haryana, which are the Ahirwal, Deshwal belt, GT Road belt, Jatland, Mewat, Punjabi belt, Rajput belt and Ror belt. [35] Description of these psephological regions is as follows:
According to ECH data Haryana has poor female participation in contesting elections, out of the 90 assembly seats there are 58 seats which have never elected a female MLA. The Kalanaur Vidhan Sabha reserved constituency has elected the most number of female MLAs. From 1967 to 2014, 44 elected female MLAs were from congress, 11 from BJP, 6 from Janata Dal and INLD, 4 from Janata Party, 2 from Vishal Haryana Party, 2 from Hariyana Vikas Party. As of September 2019, only 3 female have won elections an independent candidate: Sharada Rani from Ballabgarh in 1982, Meritorious from Jhajjar in 1987 and Shakuntala Bhagwadia from Bawal in 2005. In 2014, 10 candidates were fielded by Congress, 16 by INlD, 15 by BJP, 12 by Haryana lokhit Party, 5 of HJC, 6 by Bahujan Samaj Party, and 4 by Jan Chetna Party, among them Rohita Rewari of BJP from Panipat city garnered a maximum of 63.5% votes, and a minimum of 30.3% votes were gained by Santosh Chauhan Sarwan of BJP from Mullana. [1] In 2019 Vidhan Sabha elections, only 9 (10% of total legislature membership) female candidate were elected, 4 from Congress, 3 from BJP, 1 from JJP and 1 independent. [44] Only 9 women make it to Haryana assembly, 23 in Maharashtra, Economic Times, 25 October 2019.</ref>
Prominent female politicians of Haryana include the late Sushma Swaraj - former Union Foreign Minister, and Chandravati - former Governor who had defeated then Chief Minister Bansi Lal in 1972. [1]
Election Year | Total candidates | % of female | # female candidates | # female won | % of female won (among female) | % of female won (among all) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1967 | 8 | 4 | 50 | |||
1968 | 12 | 7 | 58 | |||
1972 | 12 | 4 | 33 | |||
1977 | 20 | 4 | 20 | |||
1982 | 27 | 7 | 26 | |||
1987 | 35 | 5 | 14 | |||
1991 | 41 | 6 | 15 | |||
1996 | 93 | 4 | 4 | |||
2000 | 49 | 4 | 8 | |||
2005 | 68 | 11 | 16 | |||
2009 | ||||||
2014 | 115 | 13 | 11 | |||
2019 | 1168 | 4 | ? | 9 [44] | ? |
Mahendragarh district is one of the 22 districts of Haryana state in northern India. The district occupies an area of 1,899 km² and has a population of 922,088 (2021census). District have 4 Sub-divisions : Narnaul, Mahendragarh, Nangal Chaudhary and Kanina
The key political players in Haryana state in northern India are the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party, the Indian National Congress, the Indian National Lok Dal, The Sarvahit Party and smaller parties like the Haryana Janhit Congress and the Bahujan Samaj Party partaking in various state and national level elections in Haryana.
Politics in reorganised present-day Punjab is dominated by mainly three parties – Indian National Congress, Aam Aadmi Party and Shiromani Akali Dal (Badal). Since 1967, Chief Minister of Punjab has been predominantly from Jat Sikh community despite its 21 percent state population. Exceptions are Giani Zail Singh, the Chief Minister of Punjab from 17 March 1972 to 30 April 1977 belonging to Ramgarhia community that has population of 6 percent and is a part of significant OBC community having population of 31.3 percent in the state and Charanjit Singh Channi who held the position for 111 days from 20 September 2021 to 16 March 2022 and was from Scheduled Caste(Dalit) who have 32 percent population in the state. Other prominent party is Bahujan Samaj Party especially in Doaba region founded by Kanshi Ram of Rupnagar district. In 1992 BSP won 9 seats Vidhan Sabha elections. Also BSP won 3 lok sabha seats from Punjab in 1996 general elections and only Garhshanker seat in 1997 Vidhan Sabha elections. Communist parties too have some influence in the Malwa area. In the 2014 general elections, the first-time contesting Aam Aadmi Party got 4 out of 13 seats in Punjab by winning 34 of the total 117 assembly segments, coming second in 7, third in 73 and fourth in the rest 3 segments. The support for the Aam Aadmi Party increased later in Punjab. The current Government was elected in the 2022 Punjab Assembly elections and the AAP won 92 out of 117 Assembly seats with Bhagwant Mann as the Chief Minister. The Congress flows down to get only 18 seats.
Mahendragarh was a Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituency in Haryana state in northern India till 2008.
Haryana, formed on 1 November 1966, is a state in North India. For the administrative purpose, Haryana is divided into 6 revenue divisions which are further divided into 22 districts. For Law and Order maintenance, it is divided into 5 Police Ranges and 4 Police Commissionerates.
Captain Abhimanyu Singh Sindhu is an Indian politician. He was cabinet minister with independent charge of eight departments in the Government of Haryana state in India in the first-ever government led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Haryana.
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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Haryana.
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This is the alphabetical categorised list of statewide, regional and local political families involved in the politics and various elections of Haryana state of India at state and national level.
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