Punjab Legislative Assembly

Last updated

Punjab Legislative Assembly
16th Punjab Assembly
Logo of the Punjab Legislative Assembly (Vector).svg
Type
Type
History
Established1952
Preceded by Interim East Punjab Assembly
Leadership
Kultar Singh Sandhwan , AAP
since 21 March 2022
Jai Krishan Singh , AAP
since 30 June 2022
Bhagwant Mann , AAP
since 16 March 2022
Harpal Singh Cheema , AAP
since 21 March 2022
Ravjot Singh , AAP
since 23 September 2024
Partap Singh Bajwa , INC
since 9 April 2022
Structure
Seats117
Punjab Legislative Assembly 2024.png
Political groups
 Government (91)
  AAP (91)

Official Opposition (15)

  INC (15) [lower-alpha 1]

Other Opposition (7)

  SAD (3) [lower-alpha 2]
  BJP (2)
  BSP (1)
  IND (1)

Vacant (4)

  Vacant (4)
Length of term
5 years; renewable
Elections
First-past-the-post
First election
 26 March 1952
Last election
 20 February 2022
Next election
 2027
Meeting place
Assembly 09.jpg
Palace of Assembly, Chandigarh, India
Website
Punjab Legislative Assembly
Constitution
Constitution of India

The Punjab Legislative Assembly or the Punjab Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the state of Punjab in India. The Sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly was constituted in March 2022. At present, it consists of 117 members, directly elected from 117 single-seat constituencies. The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years unless dissolved sooner. The Speaker of the sixteenth assembly is Kultar Singh Sandhwan. The meeting place of the Legislative Assembly since 6 March 1961 is the Vidhan Bhavan in Chandigarh.

Contents

History

In the British Raj, an Executive Council was formed under The Indian Councils Act, 1861. It was only under the Government of India Act 1919 that a Legislative Council was set up in Punjab. Later, under the Government of India Act 1935, the Punjab Legislative Assembly was constituted with a membership of 175. It was summoned for the first time on 1 April 1937. In 1947, Punjab Province was partitioned into West Punjab and East Punjab and the 79-member East Punjab Legislative Assembly was formed, the forerunner of the current assembly.

After the independence of India, on 15 July 1948, eight princely states of East Punjab grouped together to form a single state, Patiala and East Punjab States Union. The Punjab State Legislature was a bicameral house in April 1952, comprising the Vidhan Sabha (lower house) and Vidhan Parishad (upper house). In 1956 that state was largely merged into Punjab, the strength of the Vidhan Parishad of the new State of Punjab was enhanced from 40 seats to 46 seats and in 1957, it was increased to 51. Punjab was trifurcated in 1966 to form Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and Punjab. The Vidhan Parishad was reduced to 40 seats and the Vidhan Sabha grew by 50 seats to 104 seats. On 1 January 1970, the Vidhan Parishad was abolished leaving the state with a unicameral legislature. [5]

Vacant Seats

Date of by-electionConstituencyPrevious MLAReason
20 November 202444 Chabbewal Raj Kumar Chabbewal Indian National Congress Resigned on 15 March 2024 [6]
10 Dera Baba Nanak Sukhjinder Singh Randhawa Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June 2024
84 Gidderbaha Amrinder Singh Raja Warring
103 Barnala Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer Aam Aadmi Party

Legislature

The legislature comprises the governor and the Punjab Legislative Assembly, which is the highest political organ in the state. The governor has the power to summon the assembly or to close the same. All members of the legislative assembly are directly elected, normally once in every five years by the eligible voters who are above 18 years of age. The current assembly consists of 117 elected members. The elected members select one of its own members as its chairperson who is called the speaker of the assembly. The speaker is assisted by the deputy speaker who is also elected by the members. The conduct of a meeting in the house is the responsibility of the speaker.

The main function of the assembly is to pass laws and rules. Every bill passed by the house has to be finally approved by the governor before it becomes applicable.

The normal term of the legislative assembly is five years from the date appointed for its first meeting. [7]

Sixteenth Assembly

In the Sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly, 92 members of the ruling Aam Aadmi Party form the treasury benches. The main opposition party in the assembly is Indian National Congress with 18 seats. The other parties which are in opposition are the Shiromani Akali Dal, the Bharatiya Janata Party, the Bahujan Samaj Party and independents. AAP MLA, Kultar Singh Sandhwan was announced as the speaker of the assembly. [8]

History

Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann took the oath of office on 16 March at Khatkar Kalan, the ancestral village of Bhagat Singh. Inderbir Singh Nijjar took the oath as Protem Speaker. On 17 March Nijjar administered the oath of office to all the 117 legislators of the Sixteenth Punjab Legislative assembly. [9] Other 10 cabinet ministers of the Mann ministry, took oath on 19 March.

On 22 June 2022, Speaker Kultar Singh Sandhwan announced that the legislators will get answers on all issues that they raise during the Assembly debates. The answers would be provided during the Zero Hour. This was done for the first time in the history of Punjab Assembly. [10]

Leaders

TitleNamePortraitSince
Constitutional Posts
Governor Gulab Chand Kataria Gulab Chand Kataria Minister.jpg 30 July 2024


Speaker Kultar Singh Sandhwan [11] S. Kultar Singh Sandhwan.jpg 21 March 2022
Deputy speaker Jai Krishan Singh [12] Jaisinghrouri.jpeg 30 June 2022
Leader of the House
(Chief Minister)		 Bhagwant Mann Bhagwant Mann.png 16 March 2022
Leader of Opposition Pratap Singh Bajwa Pratap Singh Bajwa.jpg 9 April 2022
Political posts
Leader of AAP legislature party Bhagwant Mann Bhagwant Mann.png 16 March 2022
Leader of INC legislature party Pratap Singh Bajwa Pratap Singh Bajwa.jpg 9 April 2022
Leader of SAD legislature party Manpreet Singh Ayali Manpreet Singh Ayali.jpg April 2022

Committees

List of committees and chairpersons for the term 2022-2023. [13]

Committee [14] ChairpersonParty or Organization
Committee on Local Bodies Jagroop Singh Gill Aam Aadmi Party
Committee on Public Accounts Sukhbinder Singh Sarkaria Indian National Congress
Committee on Estimates Aman Arora Aam Aadmi Party
Committee on Public Undertakings Budh Ram Aam Aadmi Party
Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes,
Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes 		Manjit Singh Bilaspur Aam Aadmi Party
Committee on Privileges Kulwant Singh Pandori Aam Aadmi Party
Committee on Government Assurances Kunwar Vijay Pratap Singh Aam Aadmi Party
Committee on Local Bodies Jagroop Singh Gill Aam Aadmi Party
Committee on Panchayati Raj Institutions Gurmeet Singh Khudian Aam Aadmi Party
Committee on Subordinate Legislation Barinder Kumar Goyal Vakeel Aam Aadmi Party
Committee on Papers Laid/to be Laid on the Table and Library Jagdeep Kamboj Goldy Aam Aadmi Party
Committee on Petitions Mohammad Jamil Ur Rahman Aam Aadmi Party
House Committee Jai Krishan Singh
Deputy speaker (Ex-Officio Chairperson)		 Aam Aadmi Party
Committee on Questions & References Baljinder Kaur Aam Aadmi Party
Press Gallery CommitteeNaresh Sharma
Committee on Co-operation and its allied activities Sarvjit Kaur Manuke Aam Aadmi Party
Committee on Agriculture and its allied activities Gurpreet Singh Banawali Aam Aadmi Party

Composition

Further information: 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election § Results

Seat Share

   AAP - 92 (78.6%)
   INC - 18 (15.4%)
   SAD - 3 (2.5%)
   BJP - 2 (1.7%)
   BSP - 1 (0.9%)
   IND - 1 (0.9%)

By alliance and party

AlliancePartySeatsLegislative

Party Leader

Bench
Won [15] Change
Aam Aadmi Party 92Increase2.svg 72 Bhagwant Singh Mann [16] 92Government
Indian National Congress 18Decrease2.svg 59 Partap Singh Bajwa 19Opposition
SAD+ Shiromani Akali Dal 3Decrease2.svg 12 Manpreet Singh Ayali [17] 6Others
Bahujan Samaj Party 1Increase2.svg 1 Nachhatar Pal
NDA Bharatiya Janata Party 2Decrease2.svg 1 Ashwani Kumar Sharma
Independents 1Increase2.svg 1 Rana Inder Partap Singh
Total117117

By constituency

DistrictNo.ConstituencyNamePartyBench
Pathankot 1 Sujanpur Naresh Puri Indian National Congress Opposition
2 Bhoa (SC) Lal Chand Kataruchakk Aam Aadmi Party Government
3 Pathankot Ashwani Kumar Sharma Bharatiya Janata Party Opposition
Gurdaspur 4 Gurdaspur Barindermeet Singh Pahra Indian National Congress Opposition
5 Dina Nagar (SC) Aruna Chaudhary Indian National Congress Opposition
6 Qadian Partap Singh Bajwa Indian National Congress Opposition
7 Batala Amansher Singh (Shery Kalsi) Aam Aadmi Party Government
8 Sri Hargobindpur (SC) Amarpal Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
9 Fatehgarh Churian Tripat Rajinder Singh Bajwa Indian National Congress Opposition
10 Dera Baba Nanak Sukhjinder Singh Randhawa Indian National Congress Opposition
Vacant
Amritsar 11 Ajnala Kuldip Singh Dhaliwal Aam Aadmi Party Government
12 Rajasansi Sukhbinder Singh Sarkaria Indian National Congress Opposition
13 Majitha Ganieve Kaur Majithia Shiromani Akali Dal Opposition
14 Jandiala (SC) Harbhajan Singh E.T.O. Aam Aadmi Party Government
15 Amritsar North Kunwar Vijay Pratap Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
16 Amritsar West (SC) Jasbir Singh Sandhu Aam Aadmi Party Government
17 Amritsar Central Ajay Gupta Aam Aadmi Party Government
18 Amritsar East Jeevan Jyot Kaur Aam Aadmi Party Government
19 Amritsar South Dr. Inderbir Singh Nijjar Aam Aadmi Party Government
20 Attari (SC) Jaswinder Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
Tarn Taran 21 Tarn Taran Dr. Kashmir Singh Sohal Aam Aadmi Party Government
22 Khemkaran Sarvan Singh Dhun Aam Aadmi Party Government
23 Patti Laljit Singh Bhullar Aam Aadmi Party Government
24 Khadoor Sahib Manjinder Singh Lalpura Aam Aadmi Party Government
Amritsar 25 Baba Bakala (SC) Dalbir Singh Tong Aam Aadmi Party Government
Kapurthala 26 Bholath Sukhpal Singh Khaira Indian National Congress Opposition
27 Kapurthala Rana Gurjeet Singh Indian National Congress Opposition
28 Sultanpur Lodhi Rana Inder Pratap Singh Independent politician Opposition
29 Phagwara (SC)Balwinder Singh Dhaliwal Indian National Congress Opposition
Jalandhar 30 Phillaur (SC) Vikramjit Singh Chaudhary Indian National Congress Opposition
Independent politician Suspended by INC in April 2024. [18]
31 Nakodar Inderjit Kaur Mann Aam Aadmi Party Government
32 Shahkot Hardev Singh Laddi Indian National Congress Opposition
33 Kartarpur (SC) Balkar Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
34 Jalandhar West (SC) Sheetal Angural Aam Aadmi Party Government
Mohinder Pal Bhagat Aam Aadmi Party
35 Jalandhar Central Raman Arora Aam Aadmi Party Government
36 Jalandhar North Avtar Singh Junior Indian National Congress Opposition
37 Jalandhar Cantonment Pargat Singh Indian National Congress Opposition
38 Adampur (SC) Sukhwinder Singh Kotli Indian National Congress Opposition
Hoshiarpur 39 Mukerian Jangi Lal Mahajan Bharatiya Janata Party Opposition
40 Dasuya Karambir Singh Ghuman Aam Aadmi Party Government
41 Urmar Jasvir Singh Raja Gill Aam Aadmi Party Government
42 Sham Chaurasi (SC)Dr. Ravjot Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
43 Hoshiarpur Bram Shanker Aam Aadmi Party Government
44 Chabbewal (SC)Dr. Raj Kumar Chabbewal Indian National Congress Opposition
Vacant
45 Garhshankar Jai Krishan Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar 46 Banga (SC)Dr. Sukhwinder Kumar Sukhi Aam Aadmi Party Government Defected from Shrimoni Akali Dal to AAP AAM AADMI PARTY.
47 Nawan Shahr Nachhatar Pal Bahujan Samaj Party Opposition
48 Balachaur Santosh Katariaa Aam Aadmi Party Government
Rupnagar 49 Anandpur Sahib Harjot Singh Bains Aam Aadmi Party Government
50 Rupnagar Dinesh Chadha Aam Aadmi Party Government
51 Chamkaur Sahib (SC) Dr Charanjit Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 52 Kharar Anmol Gagan Maan Aam Aadmi Party Government
53 S.A.S. Nagar Kulwant Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
Fatehgarh Sahib 54 Bassi Pathana (SC) Rupinder Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
55 Fatehgarh Sahib Lakhbir Singh Rai Aam Aadmi Party Government
56 Amloh Gurinder Singh Garry Aam Aadmi Party Government
Ludhiana 57 Khanna Tarunpreet Singh Sond Aam Aadmi Party Government
58 Samrala Jagtar Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
59 Sahnewal Hardeep Singh Mundian Aam Aadmi Party Government
60 Ludhiana East Daljit Singh Grewal Aam Aadmi Party Government
61 Ludhiana South Rajinder Pal Kaur Chhina Aam Aadmi Party Government
62 Atam Nagar Kulwant Singh Sidhu Aam Aadmi Party Government
63 Ludhiana Central Ashok Prashar Pappi Aam Aadmi Party Government
64 Ludhiana West Gurpreet Gogi Aam Aadmi Party Government
65 Ludhiana North Madan Lal Bagga Aam Aadmi Party Government
66 Gill (SC) Jiwan Singh Sangowal Aam Aadmi Party Government
67 Payal (SC) Manwinder Singh Gyaspura Aam Aadmi Party Government
68 Dakha Manpreet Singh Ayali Shiromani Akali Dal Opposition
69 Raikot (SC) Hakam Singh Thekedar Aam Aadmi Party Government
70 Jagraon (SC) Saravjit Kaur Manuke Aam Aadmi Party Government
Moga 71 Nihal Singh Wala (SC) Manjit Singh Bilaspur Aam Aadmi Party Government
72 Bhagha Purana Amritpal Singh Sukhanand Aam Aadmi Party Government
73 Moga Dr. Amandeep Kaur Arora Aam Aadmi Party Government
74 Dharamkot Devinder Singh Laddi Dhos Aam Aadmi Party Government
Ferozpur 75 Zira Naresh Kataria Aam Aadmi Party Government
76 Firozpur City Ranveer Singh Bhullar Aam Aadmi Party Government
77 Firozpur Rural (SC) Rajnish Dahiya Aam Aadmi Party Government
78 Guru Har Sahai Fauja Singh Sarari Aam Aadmi Party Government
Fazilka 79 Jalalabad Jagdeep Kamboj Goldy Aam Aadmi Party Government
80 Fazilka Narinderpal Singh Sawna Aam Aadmi Party Government
81 Abohar Sandeep Jakhar Indian National Congress
Independent politician Suspended by INC in August 2023. [1]
82 Balluana (SC) Amandeep Singh ‘Goldy’ Musafir Aam Aadmi Party Government
Sri Muktsar Sahib 83 Lambi Gurmeet Singh Khudian Aam Aadmi Party Government
84 Gidderbaha Amrinder Singh Raja Warring Indian National Congress Opposition
Vacant
85 Malout (SC) Dr. Baljit Kaur Aam Aadmi Party Government
86 Muktsar Jagdeep Singh Brar Aam Aadmi Party Government
Faridkot 87 Faridkot Gurdit Singh Sekhon Aam Aadmi Party Government
88 Kotkapura Kultar Singh Sandhwan Aam Aadmi Party Government
89 Jaitu (SC) Amolak Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
Bathinda 90 Rampura Phul Balkar Singh Sidhu Aam Aadmi Party Government
91 Bhucho Mandi (SC) Master Jagsir Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
92 Bathinda Urban Jagroop Singh Gill Aam Aadmi Party Government
93 Bathinda Rural (SC) Amit Rattan Kotfatta Aam Aadmi Party Government
94 Talwandi Sabo Baljinder Kaur Aam Aadmi Party Government
95 Maur Sukhvir Maiser Khana Aam Aadmi Party Government
Mansa 96 Mansa Vijay Singla Aam Aadmi Party Government
97 Sardulgarh Gurpreet Singh Banawali Aam Aadmi Party Government
98 Budhlada (SC) Budhram Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
Sangrur 99 Lehragaga Barinder Kumar Goyal Aam Aadmi Party Government
100 Dirba (SC) Harpal Singh Cheema Aam Aadmi Party Government
101 Sunam Aman Arora Aam Aadmi Party Government
102 Malerkotla Mohammad Jamil Ur Rehman Aam Aadmi Party Government
103 Amargarh Jaswant Singh Gajjan Majra Aam Aadmi Party Government
104 Dhuri Bhagwant Mann Aam Aadmi Party Government
105 Sangrur Narinder Kaur Bharaj Aam Aadmi Party Government
Barnala 106 Bhadaur (SC) Labh Singh Ugoke Aam Aadmi Party Government
107 Barnala Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer Aam Aadmi Party Government
Vacant
108 Mehal Kalan (SC) Kulwant Singh Pandori Aam Aadmi Party Government
Patiala 109 Nabha (SC) Gurdev Singh Dev Maan Aam Aadmi Party Government
110 Patiala Rural Balbir Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
111 Rajpura Neena Mittal Aam Aadmi Party Government
Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 112 Dera Bassi Kuljit Singh Randhawa Aam Aadmi Party Government
Patiala 113 Ghanaur Gurlal Ghanaur Aam Aadmi Party Government
114 Sanour Harmit Singh Pathanmajra Aam Aadmi Party Government
115. Patiala Ajit Pal Singh Kohli Aam Aadmi Party Government
116 Samana Chetan Singh Jaura Majra Aam Aadmi Party Government
117 Shutrana (SC) Kulwant Singh Bazigar Aam Aadmi Party Government

Past election results

YearsOthersTotal
INC SAD AAP BJP IND
1952 9613~~98126
1957 120^1321154
1962 90191827
1967 48^947104
1969 3843417
1972 6624311
1977 1758240117
1980 63371214
1985 3273642
1992 8736420
1997 14751864
2002 6241392
2007 44491950
2012 46561230
2017 771520302
2022 18392211

List of Punjab Legislative Assemblies

Punjab Provincial Assembly (1937-1947)
AssemblyTenurePremierParty formed governmentNote
First sittingDate of dissolution
15 April 193719 March 1945 Sikandar Hayat Khan Unionist Party Assembly tenure extended due to World War II
Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana Assembly dissolved to conduct fresh and Impartial election
221 March 19464 July 1947Malik Khizar Hayat TiwanaAssembly dissolved since government resigned against Partition
Punjab Legislative Assembly (1947–present)
AssemblyTenureChief MinisterParty formed governmentNote
First sittingDate of dissolution
Interim 1 November 194720 June 1951 Gopi Chand Bhargava Indian National Congress Interim Assembly
Bhim Sen Sachar
Gopi Chand Bhargava
1st 3 May 195231 March 1957Bhim Sen Sachar
Partap Singh Kairon
2nd 24 April 19571 March 1962Partap Singh Kairon
3rd 13 March 196228 February 1967Partap Singh KaironAssembly under suspension from 5 July 1966 to 1 November 1966
Gopi Chand Bhargava
Ram Kishan
Gurmukh Singh Musafir
4th 20 March 196723 August 1968 Gurnam Singh Akali Dal - Sant Fateh Singh Assembly dissolved prematurely
Lachhman Singh Gill Punjab Janta Party
5th 13 March 196914 June 1971Gurnam Singh Shiromani Akali Dal Assembly dissolved prematurely
Parkash Singh Badal
6th 21 March 197230 April 1977 Zail Singh Indian National Congress Assembly tenure extended by one month due to Emergency
7th 30 June 197717 February 1980Parkash Singh Badal Shiromani Akali Dal Assembly dissolved prematurely
8th 23 June 198026 June 1985 Darbara Singh Indian National Congress Assembly suspended from 6 October 1983 and later dissolved due to Insurgency
9th 14 October 198511 May 1987 Surjit Singh Barnala Shiromani Akali Dal Assembly dissolved prematurely due to Insurgency
1016 March 199211 February 1997 Beant Singh Indian National Congress -
Harcharan Singh Brar
Rajinder Kaur Bhattal
11 3 March 199726 February 2002 Parkash Singh Badal Shiromani Akali Dal
1221 March 200227 February 2007 Amarinder Singh Indian National Congress
13 1 March 20076 March 2012 Parkash Singh Badal Shiromani Akali Dal
14 19 March 201211 March 2017 Parkash Singh Badal
15 24 March 201711 March 2022 Amarinder Singh Indian National Congress
Charanjit Singh Channi
16 17 March 2022 Bhagwant Mann Aam Aadmi Party

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Two members were suspended by congress because of their anti-party activities. These are Sandeep Jakhar [1] and Vikramjit Chaudhary, [2] thus they are not bound by the decisions of the legislative party in assembly, however, officially they are still member of the congress as their party affiliation is yet to be decided by the speaker.
  2. ↑ One of the three SAD MLAs, Sukhwinder Sukhi joined AAP on 14 August 2024. [3] As per Anti-defection law his membership will be decided by Speaker of Punjab Assembly. [4]

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References

  1. 1 2 "Congress suspends Abohar MLA Sandeep Jakhar for 'anti-party' activities". Hindustan Times. 20 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  2. ↑ "Congress suspends Phillaur MLA Vikramjit Chaudhary for anti-party activities". Indian Express. 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  3. ↑ Punjab lawyer sends notice to banga mla seeks his resignation for defection from sad to aap.
  4. ↑ No resignation yet banga mla sukhi in wait and watch mode.
  5. ↑ "Punjab Legislative Assembly". legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  6. ↑ "Raj Kumar Chabbewal Resigns from Congress Primary Membership and MLA Position". Lokmat Times. 15 March 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  7. ↑ "Kerala Government – Legislature". Kerala Niyamasabha. Archived from the original on 8 December 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  8. ↑ "Punjab Cabinet swearing-in Live Updates: From uprooting corruption to tackling drug addiction in Punjab — newly-inducted Ministers set targets". The Indian Express. 19 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  9. ↑ "In Punjab Cabinet, Bhagwant Mann Keeps Home, Harpal Cheema Gets Finance". NDTV.com. 21 March 2022. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
  10. ↑ Service, Tribune News (22 June 2022). "All Zero Hour questions to be answered: Punjab Speaker Kultar Singh Sandhwan". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  11. ↑ "AAP nominates party MLA Kultar Singh Sandhwan as next Punjab assembly speaker". Hindustan Times. 18 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  12. ↑ "Jai Krishan Singh Rouri is new Deputy Speaker of Punjab assembly". The Indian Express. 30 June 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  13. ↑ "Punjab speaker appoints heads of House committees". Hindustan Times. 22 May 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  14. ↑ "Committees". punjabassembly.nic.in. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  15. ↑ "Punjab Results Live". results.eci.gov.in. Election Commission of India. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  16. ↑ Bhagwant Mann elected leader of legislative party leader
  17. ↑ SAD appoints its new leader of legislative party
  18. ↑ "Congress suspends Phillaur MLA Vikramjit Chaudhary for anti-party activities". Indian Express. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
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