Hoshiarpur district

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Hoshiarpur district
Graveyard of todarpur.jpg
Graveyard in Todarpur
Hoshiarpur in Punjab (India).svg
Location in Punjab
Coordinates: 31°35′N75°59′E / 31.583°N 75.983°E / 31.583; 75.983
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
State Punjab
Region Doaba
Headquarters Hoshiarpur [1]
Government
  MPSom Parkash(BJP)
  MLAPandit Bharma Shankar Jimpa(AAP)
  MayorSurinder Shinda (AAP)
  Deputy commissionerKomal Mittal
Area
  Total3,365 km2 (1,299 sq mi)
Population
 (2011) []
  Total1,586,625
  Density470/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
  Sex Ration
961
Languages
  Official Punjabi
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
Literacy85.40%
Website hoshiarpur.nic.in

Hoshiarpur district is a district of Punjab state in northern India. Hoshiarpur, one of the oldest districts of Punjab, is located in the North-east part of the Punjab state and shares common boundaries with Gurdaspur district in the north-west, Jalandhar district and Kapurthala district in south-west, Kangra district and Una district of Himachal Pradesh in the north-east. Hoshiarpur district comprises 4 sub-divisions, 10 community development blocks, 9 urban local bodies and 1417 villages. The district has an area of 3365 km2. and a population of 1,586,625 persons as per census 2011. [2]

Contents

Hoshiarpur, along with the districts of Nawanshehar, Kapurthala and parts of Jalandhar, represents one of the cultural regions of Punjab called Doaba or the Bist Doab - the tract of land between two rivers, namely Beas and Sutlej. The area, along with the Shivalik foothills on the right side of Chandigarh-Pathankot road in Hoshiarpur, is sub mountainous. This part of the district is also known as Kandi area. The two rivers, Sutlej and Beas along with two other seasonal streams, provide drainage to the region. Besides these, the Kandi region is full of seasonal streams.

Hoshiarpur district falls into two nearly equal portions of hill and plain country. Its eastern face consists of the westward slope of the Solar Singhi Hills; parallel with that ridge, a line of lower heights belonging to the Siwalik Range traverses the district from south to north, while between the two chains stretches a valley of uneven width, known as the Jaswan Dun. Its upper portion is crossed by the Sohan torrent, while the Sutlej sweeps into its lower end through a break in the hills, and flows in a southerly direction until it turns the flank of the central range, and debouches westwards upon the plains. This western plain consists of alluvial formation, with a general westerly slope owing to the deposit of silt from the mountain torrents in the sub-montane tract. The Beas has a fringe of lowland, open to moderate but not excessive inundations, and considered very fertile. A considerable area is covered by government woodlands, under the care of the forest department. Rice is largely grown, in the marshy flats along the banks of the Beas. The district, owing to its proximity to the hills, possesses a comparatively cool and humid climate. Cotton fabrics are manufactured, and sugar, rice, other grains and indigo are among the exports. [3]

Hoshiarpur is also known as a City of Saints. There are many deras in this district. Several religious fairs are held, at Anandpur Sahib, Dasuya, Mukerian and Chintpurni, all of which attract an enormous concourse of people. [3]

The District Govt. College was once a campus for Punjab University, and it was predominantly inhabited by Gujjar and Saini, Dogras of Jammu-Punjab Region during the reign of the Sikh Empire.

History

The area of present Hoshiarpur District was also part of Indus Valley Civilization. Recent excavations at various sites in the district have revealed that the entire area near the Shivalik foothills was selected for habitation not only by the early Paleolithic man but also by those in the protohistoric and historic periods. The legends associate several places in the district with Pandavas. Dasuya is mentioned in epic of Mahabharata as the seat of Raja Virata in whose services the Pandavas remained for thirteen years during their exile. Bham, about 11 km west of Mahilpur, is said to be the place where the Pandavas passed their exile. Lasara, about 19 km north of Jaijon, also contains a stone temple stated to date back to the time of Pandavas. According to the Chinese pilgrim, Hieun Tsang, the area of Hoshiarpur was dominated by a tribe of Chandrabansi Rajputs, who maintained an independent existence for centuries before the Muhammadan conquest.

The country around Hoshiarpur formed part of the old kingdom of Katoch in Jalandhar. The state was eventually broken up, and the present district was divided between the, rajas of Datarpur and Jaswan. They retained undisturbed possession of their territories until 1759, when the rising Sikh chieftains commenced a series of encroachments upon the hill tracts. In 1815 Maharaja Ranjit Singh, forced the ruler of Jaswan to resign his territories in exchange for an estate on feudal tenure; three years later the raja of Datarpur met with similar treatment. By the close of the year 1818 the whole country from the Sutlej to the Beas had come under the government of Lahore, and after the First Anglo-Sikh War in 1846 passed to the British government. The deposed rajas of Datarpur and Jaswan received cash pensions from the new rulers, but expressed bitter disappointment at not being restored to their former sovereign position. Accordingly, the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Sikh War, in 1848 found the disaffected chieftains ready for rebellion. They organized a revolt, but the two rajas and the other ringleaders were captured, and their estates confiscated. [3] Hoshiarpur is an ancient centre of Hindu epics and culture itself. In Bajwara (4 km east on Una Road from the present city) ruins of an ancient culture can still be found. Mythologically, Teh Dasuya of this district is estimated to be King Virat's kingdom where Pandavas spent their one-year exile.

Gurdwara Sri Garna Sahib Bodal, District Hoshiarpur. Gurdwara Sri Garna Sahib Bodal, District Hoshiarpur.jpg
Gurdwara Sri Garna Sahib Bodal, District Hoshiarpur.

Bhrigu Samhita

Hoshiarpur is also popular for old astrological facts where it is said to be that old documents where past, present and future birth of every person is written in detail, are safely kept at this place. Many people visit Hoshiarpur to find out about their past, present and future in every birth they have or had taken in the past. [4]

Significant cities

Among the numerous ancient cultural centers in Hoshiarpur was town Jaijon. Said to be Founded by Jaijjat rishi around 11th century at the Shivalik foothills, Jaijon was a flourishing trade centre. It was also known as a centre for oriental studies. Noted scholars and exponents of Sanskrit, Astrology, Ayurveda and music visited this place for meeting. Music composers Pandit Husan Lal and Bhagat Ram and noted Pakistani poet Tufail Hoshiarpuri belonged to the same place. Jaijon also have a small old railway station from the British era. [5]

Ayurveda scholar Pandit Govind Ram Vatsyayan and Sanskrit laureate Acharya Vishwanath belonged to Jaijon.

Mahilpur is an ancient village on the feet of Shivalik which was visited by Chinese Hiuen Tsang who wrote this village as Sri Mahipalpur in his notes.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901650,662    
1911603,685−0.75%
1921609,650+0.10%
1931678,526+1.08%
1941769,884+1.27%
1951712,440−0.77%
1961782,483+0.94%
1971948,505+1.94%
19811,116,326+1.64%
19911,299,261+1.53%
20011,481,292+1.32%
20111,586,625+0.69%
source: [6]

According to the 2011 census Hoshiarpur district has a population of 1,586,625, [7] roughly equal to the nation of Gabon [8] or the US state of Idaho. [9] This gives it a ranking of 310th in India (out of a total of 640). [7] The district has a population density of 683 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,770/sq mi). [7] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 17.95%. [7] Hoshiarpur has a sex ratio of 961 females for every 1000 males, [7] and a literacy rate of 85.40%. Scheduled Castes made up 35.14% of the population. [7]

The Hoshiarpur district has one of the highest Scheduled Caste population (34%) population in Punjab. The Hoshiarpur-I and Hoshiarpur-II have 48 percent Scheduled Castes population. In Mahilpur block the proportion of Scheduled Castes population is 44 percent and in Bhunga block it is 41 percent while in the remaining blocks the proportion of Scheduled Castes population is less than 40 percent. [10] [11]

Gender

The table below shows the sex ratio of Hoshiarpur district through decades.

Sex ratio of Hoshiarpur district [12]
Census yearRatio
2011961
2001935
1991924
1981919
1971899
1961902
1951877
1941879
1931867
1921856
1911828
1901878

The table below shows the child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in the rural and urban areas of Hoshiarpur district.

Child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in Hoshiarpur district [13]
YearUrbanRural
2011863865
2001800815

Religion

Religion in Hoshiarpur district (2011) [14]
ReligionPercent
Hinduism
63.07%
Sikhism
33.92%
Islam
1.46%
Christianity
0.94%
Other or not stated
0.61%
Religion in Hoshiarpur District
Religious
group
2011 [14]
Pop. %
Hinduism Om.svg 1,000,743
Sikhism Khanda.svg 538,208
Islam Star and Crescent.svg 23,089
Christianity Christian cross.svg 14,968
Others9,617
Total Population1,586,625

The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Hoshiarpur district.

Absolute numbers of different religious groups in Hoshiarpur district [15]
ReligionUrban (2011)Rural (2011)Urban (2001)Rural (2001)Urban (1991)Rural (1991)
Hindu2,52,6677,48,0762,15,9346,55,9891,35,3376,03,892
Sikh74,0514,64,15769,9545,04,90841,2404,45,807
Muslim2,82820,2612,08113,3133526,090
Christian2,13312,8351,56111,1656258,081
Other religions3,2906,3272,5443,2872,066317
Religious groups in Hoshiarpur District (British Punjab province era)
Religious
group
1901 [16] 1911 [17] [18] 1921 [19] 1931 [20] 1941 [21]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
Hinduism Om.svg [lower-alpha 1] 603,710498,642500,339526,182584,080
Islam Star and Crescent.svg 312,958281,805289,298328,078380,759
Sikhism Khanda.svg 71,126134,146132,958173,147198,194
Jainism Jain Prateek Chihna.svg 1,1739981,0791,0161,125
Christianity Christian cross.svg 8132,9783,7453,7646,165
Judaism Star of David.svg 20000
Zoroastrianism Faravahar.svg 00000
Buddhism Dharma Wheel (2).svg 00000
Others00000
Total population989,782918,569927,4191,032,1871,170,323
Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in the Tehsils of Hoshiarpur District (1941) [21]
Tehsil Hinduism Om.svg [lower-alpha 1] Islam Star and Crescent.svg Sikhism Khanda.svg Christianity Christian cross.svg Jainism Jain Prateek Chihna.svg Others [lower-alpha 2] Total
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
Hoshiarpur Tehsil113,680145,98562,51795351095323,740
Dasuya Tehsil95,572132,10540,5094,7293283273,246
Garh Shankar Tehsil150,99167,58470,3103632847289,539
Una Tehsil223,83735,08524,8581530283,798
Note1: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Note2: Tehsil religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labeled as "Indian Christians" on census. Does not include Anglo-Indian Christians or British Christians, who were classified under "Other" category.

Language

Languages of Hoshiarpur district (2011) [22]

   Punjabi (93.74%)
   Hindi (5.27%)
  Others (0.99%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 93.74% of the population spoke Punjabi and 5.27% Hindi as their first language. [22]

Health

The table below shows the data from the district nutrition profile of children below the age of 5 years, in Hoshiarpur, as of year 2020.

District nutrition profile of children under 5 years of age in Hoshiarpur, year 2020 [23]
IndicatorsNumber of children (<5 years)Percent (2020)Percent (2016)
Low-birth weight20,18817%22%
Stunted22,40319%26%
Wasted13,37912%17%
Severely wasted2,8452%7%
Underweight14,41312%21%
Overweight/obesity4,4374%4%
Anemia72,60270%60%
Total children116,139

The table below shows the district nutrition profile of Hoshiarpur of women between the ages of 15 to 49 years, as of year 2020.

District nutritional profile of Hoshiarpur of women of 15-49 years, in 2020 [24]
IndicatorsNumber of women (15-49 years)Percent (2020)Percent (2016)
Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m^2)56,08911%14%
Overweight/obesity211,47741%31%
Hypertension186,65236%18%
Diabetes66,73613%NA
Anemia (non-preg)281,58954%62%
Anemia (preg)NANA38%
Total women (preg)24,123
Total women519,345

Economy

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Hoshiarpur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). [25] It is the only district in Punjab currently receiving funds from the Backward regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). [25]

Hoshiarpur has 6,480 registered industrial units, which employ more than 31 thousand employees. There are 24 large and medium industries, where more than 15,000 people work. [26]

Government and politics

Politics

No.ConstituencyName of MLAPartyBench
39 Mukerian Jangi Lal Mahajan Bharatiya Janata Party Opposition
40 Dasuya Karambir Singh Ghuman Aam Aadmi Party Government
41 Urmar Jasvir Singh Raja Gill Aam Aadmi Party
42 Sham Chaurasi (SC)Dr. Ravjot Singh Aam Aadmi Party
43 Hoshiarpur Bram Shanker Aam Aadmi Party
44 Chabbewal (SC)Dr. Raj Kumar Chabbewal Indian National Congress Opposition
45 Garhshankar Jai Krishan Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government

District administration

Sub-Divisions

The District of Hoshiarpur comprises four sub-divisions, ten development blocks, eight municipal councils and one notified area committee, as listed below:

Administrative Divisions

  • Hoshiarpur
  • Dasuya
  • Mukerian
  • Garhshankar
Development Blocks
  • Hoshiarpur-I
  • Hoshiarpur-II
  • Bhunga
  • Tanda
  • Dasuya
  • Mukerian
  • Talwara
  • Hajipur
  • Garhshankar
Center of Excellence for Fruits, Khanaura, District Hoshiarpur CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR FRUITS.jpg
Center of Excellence for Fruits, Khanaura, District Hoshiarpur
Municipal Corporation
Municipal Councils
  • Garhdiwala
  • Hariana
  • Tanda
  • Mahilpur
  • Garhshankar
  • Dasuya'
  • Mukerian
  • Sham Chaurasi
  • Talwara
Notified Area Committee
  • Mahilpur
  • Hoshiarpur
  • Shamchurasi Kadiana
Villages

Notable people

Science

Business

Sports

Politics

Arts and entertainment

Monica Bedi is from the city Monica Bedi at the 8th Aap Ki Awaz Media Excellence Awards.jpg
Monica Bedi is from the city
Simran Kaur Mundi Simran Kaur Mundi at Marc Cains preview (2).jpg
Simran Kaur Mundi

Military

Other

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  31. http://pbplanning.gov.in/pdf/MPLAD%20MPR%2031-5-2010.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
  1. 1 2 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis
  2. Including Anglo-Indian Christians, British Christians, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated