Tarn Taran district

Last updated

Tarn Taran district
District of Punjab
The Sarovar besides the GurudwaraTarn Taran Sahib, Punjab, India.jpg
Birds at Harike Wetland.jpg
Top: Gurdwara Sri Tarn Taran Sahib
Bottom: Birds at Harike Wetland
Tarn Taran in Punjab (India).svg
Location in Punjab
Coordinates: 31°27′36″N74°55′48″E / 31.46000°N 74.93000°E / 31.46000; 74.93000
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
State Emblem of Punjab (India) on a white background (1).png Punjab
Region Majha
Named for Pool of salvation
Headquarters Tarn Taran Sahib
Government
 • Administrator of District Harmesh Singh Pabla
Area
 • Total
2,414 km2 (932 sq mi)
Population
 (2011) [‡]
 • Total
1,119,627
 • Density460/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
Languages
 • Official Punjabi
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
Literacy69.4%
Website tarntaran.gov.in

Tarn Taran district is one of the districts in the Majha region of Punjab, India. The main cities are Tarn Taran Sahib, Bhikhiwind, Khadur Sahib and Patti. The City of Tarn Taran Sahib is a holy place for Sikhs. Tarn Taran's Sikh population makes it the most heavily concentrated administrative district of Sikhs in India and the world.

Contents

Tarn Taran district was formed in 2006 out of Amritsar District. The declaration to this effect was made by Captain Amarinder Singh, Chief Minister of Punjab, during the celebrations marking the martyrdom day of Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji. With this, it became the 19th district of Punjab. It has four tehsils, which are Bhikhiwind, Patti, Khadur Sahib and Tarn Taran Sahib. The District Headquarters is headed by the Deputy Commissioner, along with a Senior Superintendent of Police, Civil Surgeon, district Education Officer, Improvement Trust and a Municipal Council. The district judiciary is headed by the District and Session Judge, aided by several Additional District and Sessions Judges, the Chief Judicial Magistrate, and other officials.

Location

Tarn Taran is located in the state of Punjab, in far northern India. It is surrounded by district of Amritsar in the north, district Kapurthala in the east, district Ferozepur in the south and Pakistan in the west. [1]

Coordinates

Taran taran district lies between 31 0 05’, and 31 0 30’ 05 north latitude 74 0 30’ and 75 0 15’ 05“ east longitudes. The area falls in Survey Of India topo sheet Nos 44-I & 44-M. [1]

History

The foundation of Tarn Taran city was laid by fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan Dev in 1596. The area of Tarn Taran Sahib later came under the control of the Bhangi Misl ruled by a powerful Sikh family of Dhillon clan from 1716 to 1810. [1]

During the 1965 India–Pakistan war, the town of Khem Karan was captured by the Pakistan army during early September 1965. The Pakistani forces were later defeated during the battle of Asal Uttar, that was fought from 8 to 10 September. At that time, it was the largest tank battle since the Second World War. [2] [3] [4] Khem Karan remained under Pakistani occupation for about six months till the signing of Tashkent agreement between India and Pakistan on 10 January 1966. [5]

During the war, the people of the area had to leave their houses and go far away. Many houses, crops and railway tracks were destroyed. In the areas occupied by Pakistan, many houses were looted by Pakistani troops. Even the doors and windows were removed. [6]

During the Insurgency in Punjab, India, Tarn Taran was the key stronghold of well-funded and armed Sikh separatist groups. Several key separatist leaders trace their origins to Tarn Taran, including but not limited to Sukhdev Singh Babbar, co-founder of Babbar Khalsa, Avtar Singh Brahma, co-founder of the Khalistan Liberation Force, Labh Singh of the Khalistan Commando Force, and Gurbachan Singh Manochahal founder of the Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan.

In the fall of 1984, the Tarn Taran district was impacted by Operation Woodrose which resulted in the establishment of arms trafficking between Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence and Sikh militants in Tarn Taran, initiated by former Pakistani President Muhammad Zia Ul-Haq. By the end of the 1980s and following Zia's death, Pakistan began to reallocate support for militancy from Punjab toward Jammu and Kashmir. Today, the Tarn Taran district remains one of the most adversely impacted districts for narcotics and arms trafficking from Pakistan.

In the post-independence era, Partap Singh Kairon is among Tarn Taran's most well known residents. Kairon was a freedom fighter during British rule and served as the 3rd Chief Minister of Punjab from 1956-1964. He was assassinated in Sonipat district, now within Haryana, on February 8th, 1965.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901422,024—    
1911363,045−1.49%
1921383,090+0.54%
1931460,470+1.86%
1941576,325+2.27%
1951485,947−1.69%
1961524,117+0.76%
1971626,166+1.79%
1981728,142+1.52%
1991806,944+1.03%
2001939,057+1.53%
20111,119,627+1.77%
source: [7]

According to the 2011 census Tarn Taran district has a population of 1,119,627, [8] roughly equal to the nation of Cyprus [9] or the US state of Rhode Island. [10] This gives it a ranking of 413th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 464 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,200/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.28%. Tarn Taran has a sex ratio of 898 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 69.4%. Scheduled Castes made up 33.71% of the population. [8]

Religion in Tarn Taran District (2011)

   Sikhism (93.33%)
   Hinduism (5.40%)
   Christianity (0.54%)
   Islam (0.34%)
  Others (0.38%)

Languages of Tarn Taran District (2011) [11]

   Punjabi (98.95%)
  Others (1.05%)

Religion

Religion in Tarn Taran district (2011) [12]
ReligionPercent
Sikhism
 
93.33%
Hinduism
 
5.40%
Christianity
 
0.54%
Other
 
0.73%

The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Tarn Taran district.

Absolute numbers of different religious groups in Tarn Taran district [13]
ReligionUrban (2022)Rural (2022)Urban (2001)Rural (2001)
Sikh1,63,97610,15,8761,04,7289,40,175
Hindu44,87612,78634,14626,358
Christian1,7102,5351,6754,420
Muslim5604,6584955,051
Other religions9202,9807513,519

Tarn Taran district has the highest % share of Sikhs among all the districts of Punjab followed by Moga district (as of 2011 census). [14]

Health

As of 2018, the number of registered doctors in Taran Taran district were 84 and registered nurses were 3,378. [15] [16] That means that the average population served per doctor in the district was 15,210 in that year, which was the highest in the state. [17]

The table below shows the data from the district nutrition profile of children below the age of 5 years, in Taran Taran, as of year 2020.

District nutrition profile of children under 5 years of age in Taran Taran, year 2020 [18]
IndicatorsNumber of children (<5 years)Percent (2020)Percent (2016)
Stunted22,37224%23%
Wasted10,62611%10%
Severely wasted3,4264%4%
Underweight13,52514%14%
Overweight/obesity4,2545%3%
Anemia59,64071%53%
Total children94,120

The table below shows the district nutrition profile of Taran Taran of women between the ages of 15 and 49 years, as of year 2020.

District nutritional profile of Taran Taran of women of 15–49 years, in 2020 [18]
IndicatorsNumber of women (15–49 years)Percent (2020)Percent (2016)
Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m^2)43,75613%14%
Overweight/obesity136,62439%30%
Hypertension109,00531%18%
Diabetes42,70612%NA
Anemia (non-preg)216,50662%47%
Anemia (preg)NANA34%
Total women (preg)18,109
Total women350,049

The table below shows the current use of family planning methods by currently married women between the age of 15 and 49 years, in Taran Taran district.

Family planning methods used by women between the ages of 15 and 49 years, in Taran Taran district [19]
MethodTotal (2015–16)Rural (2015–16)
Female sterilization49.6%50.2%
Male sterilization0.8%0.9%
IUD/PPIUD7.1%8.1%
Pill1.9%1.7%
Condom17.3%15.9%
Any modern method76.8%76.9%
Any method80.8%80.3%
Total unmet need3.5%3.8%
Unmet need for spacing1.6%1.8%

The table below shows the number of road accidents and people affected in Taran Taran district by year.

Road accidents and people affected in Taran Taran district by year [20]
YearAccidentsKilledInjuredVehicles Involved
202212611096183
20211231263785
2020979335122
201913412187119

Economy

The income of Municipalities and Municipal corporations in Taran Taran district from municipal rates and taxes in the year 2018 was 54,566 thousand rupees. [21]

As of 2014–15, there were 452 registered Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) units in the Taran Taran district, which provided employment to 2,717 people. There were 6 Medium and Large industrial units, which provided employment to 609 people. [22]

Politics

Kashmir Singh Sohal from Aam Admi Party is the MLA from Tarn Taran Assembly Constituency. He was elected in 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election. [23]

No.ConstituencyName of MLAPartyBench
21 Sri Tarn Taran Sahib Dr. Kashmir Singh Sohal Aam Aadmi Party Government
22 Khemkaran Sarvan Singh Dhun Aam Aadmi Party Government
23 Patti Laljit Singh Bhullar Aam Aadmi Party Government
24 Sri Khadoor Sahib Manjinder Singh Lalpura Aam Aadmi Party Government

Transport

Air

There is no commercial airport in the district. The nearest airport is Amritsar International Airport. Direct International flights are available to key cities around the world in the likes of London, Birmingham, Dubai, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Doha, Tashkent and Ashgabat. Domestic connections are available to almost every major city of India.

Rail

The rail network provides good connectivity across the district. Amritsar-Khemkaran and Beas-Tarn Taran railway lines pass through Tarn Taran district. Tarn Taran Junction railway station provides cross connectivity between these two lines. A new project of rail line from Patti to Makhu has been approved by railways since 2013 but not started till date due to delay by state government on land acquisition. [24]

Road

The district is well connected through national highways to rest of Punjab state and nationally. Following national highways pass through the district.

Towns and villages

The villages and towns of Tarn Taran District include:

Notable people

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gurdwara</span> Place of worship in Sikhism

A gurdwara or gurudwara is a place of assembly and worship in Sikhism, but its normal meaning is "place of guru" or "Home of guru". Sikhs also refer to gurdwaras as Gurdwara Sahib. People from all faiths and religions are welcomed in gurdwaras. Each gurdwara has a Darbar Sahib where the Guru Granth Sahib is placed on a takht in a prominent central position. Any congregant may recite, sing, and explain the verses from the Guru Granth Sahib, in the presence of the rest of the congregation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guru Angad</span> Second Sikh guru from 1539 to 1552

Guru Angad was the second of the ten Sikh gurus of Sikhism. After meeting Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, becoming a Sikh, and serving and working with Nanak for many years, Nanak gave Lehna the name Angad, and chose Angad as the second Sikh Guru.

The following outline is provides an overview of Sikhism, or Sikhi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gurdwara Sri Tarn Taran Sahib</span> Sikh gurdwara in Tarn Taran Sahib, India

Gurdwara Sri Tarn Taran Sahib, officially Gurdwara Sri Darbar Sahib, is a gurdwara established by the fifth guru, Guru Arjan Dev, in the city of Tarn Taran Sahib, Punjab, India. The site has the distinction of having the largest sarovar of all the gurdwaras. It is famous for the monthly gathering of pilgrims on the day of Amavas. It is near Harmandir Sahib, Amritsar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tarn Taran Sahib</span> City in Punjab, India

Tarn Taran Sahib is a city in the Majha region of the state of Punjab, in northern India. It is the district headquarters and hosts the municipal council of Tarn Taran district. Gurdwara Sri Tarn Taran Sahib, a prominent Sikh shrine, is located in the central part of the city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amritsar district</span> District in Punjab, India

Amritsar district is one of the twenty three districts that make up the Indian state of Punjab. Located in the Majha region of Punjab, the city of Amritsar is the headquarters of this district.

Khem Karan is a town and a nagar panchayat in Tarn Taran district of Patti tehsil of the Majha region of the Indian state of Punjab.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Goindwal</span> Town in Punjab, India

Goindwal, also known as Goindwal Sahib and alternatively transliterated as Goindval, is located in the Taran Taran district of the Majha region of Punjab, India about 23 km (14 mi) from Tarn Taran Sahib. In the 16th century it became an important center for the Sikh religion during the Guruship of the Guru Amar Das Ji. Goindwal is on the banks of the Beas River and is one of the focal points of small scale industries of Tarn Taran district.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sri Muktsar Sahib district</span> District of Punjab in India

Sri Muktsar Sahib district is one of the 23 districts in the Indian state of Punjab. The capital city of district is Sri Muktsar Sahib. The district itself was historically referred to as Khidrane Di Dhaab. There are four tehsils in the district, which consists of a total of 234 villages. The tehsils are Sri Muktsar Sahib, Lambi, Giddarbaha and Malout.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Majha</span> Region in the central parts of the historical Punjab region

Majha is a region located in the central parts of the historical Punjab region, currently split between the republics of Pakistan and India. It extends north from the right banks of the river Beas, and reaches as far north as the river Jhelum. People of the Majha region are given the demonym "Mājhī" or "Majhail". Most inhabitants of the region speak the Majhi dialect, which is the basis of the standard register of the Punjabi language. The most populous city in the area is Lahore on the Pakistani side, and Amritsar on the Indian side of the border.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kartarpur, Pakistan</span> Town in Punjab, Pakistan and a holy site in Sikhism

Kartarpur is a town located, just 102 km from Lahore city in the Shakargarh Tehsil, Narowal District in Punjab, Pakistan. Located on the right bank of the Ravi River, it is said to have been founded by the first guru of Sikhism, Guru Nanak, where he established the first Sikh commune.

Patti is an old city, near Tarn Taran Sahib city and a municipal council of the Tarn Taran district in the Majha region of Indian state of Punjab, located 47 Kilometres from Amritsar. Patti city is situated close to the Pakistani border. It is connected through a rail network starting from Amritsar station to Khem Karan station, with Khem Karan being its last station of India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Education in Punjab, India</span>

Punjab has a long history of education.

Sarhali is a town and a municipal council in Patti subdivision of Tarn Taran district in the Indian state of Punjab.

Fatehabad is a small town in the Tarn Taran district of Punjab State. in India, located about 20 km from Tarn Taran Sahib

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chabhal Kalan</span> Town in Punjab, India

Chabhal Kalan is a town in the Tarn Taran district of Punjab, India and is located 13 miles (21 km) away from Amritsar city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khalra</span> Village in Punjab, India

Khalra village is located in Patti Tehsil of Tarn Taran district in Punjab, India. It is situated 27 km away from sub-district headquarter Patti and 35 km away from district headquarter Tarn Taran. According to Census 2011 information the village code of Khalra village is 038051.

Chung is a historical village in (Bhikhiwind), just 33 km from Tarn Taran Sahib in Patti tehsil of Tarn Taran district in the Indian state of Punjab. Before 1947, it was part of Kasur tehsil of Lahore district. Rice and wheat are the most cultivated crops.

Khadur Sahib is a town and a nagar panchayat in Tarn Taran district of Khadur Sahib tehsil of the Majha region of Indian state of Punjab. Khadur Sahib is a historical place in view of eight out of ten sikh gurus having visited this place. The postal index number of Khadur Sahib is 143117.

The Amritsar–Khem Karan line is a railway route on the Northern Railway zone of Indian Railways. This route plays an important role in rail transportation in Punjab state.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "History | Welcome to District Tarn Taran,Govt. Of Punjab | India".
  2. ↑ Pradhan, S. D. "Battle of Asal Uttar 1965: Annihilation of the Pak Army – Times of India". The Times of India., by SD Pradhan, September 8, 2022
  3. ↑ "Battle of Asal Uttar: When Indian troops took on mighty Pattons of Pakistan and won". www.firstpost.com. Firstpost. 10 September 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
  4. ↑ Man Aman Singh Chhina (23 August 2015). "Big Picture: Key Battles – Memorials, war stories keep Asal Uttar alive". The Indian Express. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
  5. ↑ Dr.Ashwani Kumar (January 2023). "TRANSFORMATION AND DYNAMICS: A SOCIAL HISTORY OF KHEM KARAN TOWN-A STUDY AFTER 1965 INDO-PAK WAR". www.academia.edu. History Research Journal. Volume: 29, Issue: 06, No.3, November – December : 2023
  6. ↑ Dr.Ashwani Kumar (January 2023). "INDO-PAK WAR 1965: A STUDY OF KHEM KARAN TOWN OF PUNJAB". www.academia.edu. History Research Journal. Retrieved 22 June 2024. Volume: 29, Issue: 01, January – February : 2023
  7. ↑ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  8. 1 2 "District Census Hand Book – Tarn Taran" (PDF). Census of India . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  9. ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Cyprus 1,120,489, July 2011 est.
  10. ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Rhode Island 1,052,567
  11. ↑ "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Punjab". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  12. ↑ "Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Punjab". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  13. ↑ "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India". 21 January 2022.
  14. ↑ "Welcome to District Tarn Taran,Govt. Of Punjab | An effort of District Administration Tarn Taran to provide updated information | India".
  15. ↑ "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India". 21 January 2022.
  16. ↑ "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India". 21 January 2022.
  17. ↑ "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India". 21 January 2022.
  18. 1 2 "Tarn Taran | Punjab" (PDF). www.niti.gov.in.
  19. ↑ "National Family Health Survey - 4 2015 -16, District Fact Sheet, Gurdaspur" (PDF). p. 2.
  20. ↑ "Road Accidents in Punjab". punjab.data.gov.in. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
  21. ↑ "District-wise Income of Municipalities/Corporations in Punjab from Municipal Rates and Taxes in Punjab from 1968 to 2018 (As on March)". 8 July 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
  22. ↑ "Brief Industrial Profile of District TARN-TARAN". Ministry of MSME. p. 6.
  23. ↑ "Punjab Assembly: 12 doctors make it to House". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  24. ↑ "Patti-Makhu rail link hanging fire for 7 years". The Hindustan Times . 22 June 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  25. ↑ "Kapurthala-Taran Taran road declared as NH- 703 A A named as Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji Marg". All India Radio News. 17 October 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2020.

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