Jalandhar | |
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Clockwise from top: Devi Talab Mandir, Gurdwara Sri Singh Sahba, St. Mary's Cathedral, Jalandhar, Guru Gobind Singh Stadium, Haveli, Wonderland, Jalandhar Cantonment, Gandhi Stadium. | |
Coordinates: 31°15′25″N75°26′36″E / 31.2569°N 75.4432°E Coordinates: 31°15′25″N75°26′36″E / 31.2569°N 75.4432°E | |
Country | ![]() |
State | Punjab |
District | Jalandhar |
Named for | In Water |
Government | |
• Divisional Commissioner | Veerendra Kumar Meena, IAS [1] |
• Deputy Commissioner | Jaspreet Singh, IAS [2] |
• Member of Parliament | Santokh Singh Chaudhary, Congress |
• Mayor | Jagdish Raja [3] |
Area | |
• Total | 120 km2 (50 sq mi) |
• Rank | 3rd in Punjab |
Elevation | 228 m (748 ft) |
Population (2022 [5] ) | |
• Total | 1,096,000 |
Demonym | Jalandhariye |
Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
PIN | 144 001 |
Area code | 0181 |
Vehicle registration | PB08,PB90,PB37 PB67,PB33 |
Literacy | 82.3% |
Website | jalandhar |
Jalandhar is the third most-populous city in the Indian state of Punjab and the largest city in Doaba region. Jalandhar lies alongside the Grand Trunk Road and is a well-connected rail and road junction. Jalandhar is 146 km (91 mi) northwest of the state capital Chandigarh, 83.5 km (51.9 mi) south-east of Amritsar and 61.3 km (38.1 mi) north of Ludhiana. Jalandhar is about 381 km (230 miles) from national capital Delhi. The famous road NH1 crosses from Jalandhar.
The history of Jalandhar District comprises three periods — ancient, medieval and modern.
The city may be named after Jalandhara, a Nath Guru, who was from here. [ citation needed ]. The city was founded by Devasya Verma as mentioned in Vedas. Other possibilities include that it was the capital of the kingdom of Lava, son of Rama or that the name derives from the vernacular term Jalandhar, meaning area inside the water, i.e., tract lying between the two rivers Satluj and Beas. [6] The whole of Punjab and the area of present Jalandhar District was part of the Indus Valley Civilization. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro are the sites where remains of the Indus Valley civilization have been found extensively. The archaeological explorations made during recent years have pushed the ancient times of Jalandhar District of Harappa period.
Jalandhar and the Doaba was conquered by the Ghaznavids during the reign of Ibrahim of Ghazni between 1058 and 1089. [7] It later formed part of the province of Lahore during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire. The 18th century saw upheaval in Jalandhar amidst an anarchy caused by the disintegration of the Mughals and power struggles involving Persians, Afghans and Sikhs. It was captured by the Faizullahpuria Misl in 1766, and in 1811 Maharaja Ranjit Singh incorporated it within the Sikh Empire. [8]
In 1849, following the annexation of the Punjab by the East India Company, the city of Jalandhar, written in English as Jullundur by Company officials, became the headquarters of the Division and District of the same name. In 1858 Company rule in India ended and the city became part of the British Raj. In the mid to late 19th century, the Punjab administration regarded Jullundur as too densely populated and farmed to capacity. This led to the district being a chief recruitment area for settlers to colonise the newly irrigated Punjab Canal Colonies in western Punjab. [9]
The Khilafat Movement started in the district in early 1920 to bring pressure on the government to change their policy towards Turkey. Mahatma Gandhi extended sympathy and support to this movement however in response the District was declared a 'Proclaimed Area' under the Seditious Meetings Act. In 1924, Pakistani general and military dictator Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq was born in the city.
Prior to the partition of India, Muslims were in plurality in Jalandhar. According to 1941 census, Muslims made up 45.2% of the population, compared to Hindus and Sikhs being 27.6% and 26.5% respectively. [10] Within a period of 10 years, from 1941 to 1951, Muslim population in Jalandhar reduced from 45.2% to 0.2%. [10]
The city has a humid subtropical climate with cool winters and long, hot summers. Summers last from April to June and winters from November to February. Temperatures in the summer vary from average highs of around 48 °C (118 °F) to average lows of around 25 °C (77 °F). Winter temperatures have highs of 19 °C (66 °F) to lows of −7 °C (19 °F). The climate is dry on the whole, except during the brief southwest monsoon season during July and August. The average annual rainfall is about 70 cm. In 2018, Jalandhar witnessed Heavy rainfall, with over 20% increase from average rainfall. [11] Since it is in the northern plains, it feels really cold during winters and very hot during summers.
Climate data for Jalandhar | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | 19.4 (66.9) | 21.6 (70.9) | 26.0 (78.8) | 34.5 (94.1) | 39.4 (102.9) | 40.6 (105.1) | 34.1 (93.4) | 33.1 (91.6) | 32.6 (90.7) | 31.5 (88.7) | 27.2 (81.0) | 22.3 (72.1) | 30.2 (86.4) |
Average low °C (°F) | 6.2 (43.2) | 8.6 (47.5) | 13.2 (55.8) | 19.0 (66.2) | 23.8 (74.8) | 25.6 (78.1) | 24.7 (76.5) | 25.8 (78.4) | 21.8 (71.2) | 18.3 (64.9) | 12.1 (53.8) | 7.2 (45.0) | 17.2 (63.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 10.7 (0.42) | 16.7 (0.66) | 32.8 (1.29) | 15.2 (0.60) | 20.4 (0.80) | 69.7 (2.74) | 155.2 (6.11) | 183.6 (7.23) | 60.0 (2.36) | 1.5 (0.06) | 6 (0.2) | 15 (0.6) | 586.8 (23.07) |
Source: [12] |
As per provisional data of 2011 census Jalandhar had a population of 873,725, of which 463,975 were male and 409,750 female.
The literacy rate was 86.22 per cent. [13] For males and females respectively the literacy rate was 88.82% and 83.30%
As per the census of 2011, Hinduism and Sikhism are the religions of the vast majority of people in Jalandhar.
Religious group | 1891 [16] : 68 | 1901 [17] : 44 | 1911 [18] : 20 | 1921 [19] : 23 | 1931 [20] : 26 | 1941 [15] : 32 | 2011 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Islam ![]() | 38,994 | 58.9% | 40,081 | 59.17% | 40,903 | 58.59% | 42,261 | 59.52% | 52,577 | 59.06% | 80,242 | 59.31% | 12,744 | 1.47% |
Hinduism ![]() | 23,085 | 34.87% | 24,715 | 36.49% | 23,383 | 33.49% | 24,253 | 34.16% | 30,833 [lower-alpha 2] | 34.63% | 48,375 [lower-alpha 2] | 35.76% | 650,863 | 74.9% |
Sikhism ![]() | 2,274 | 3.43% | 901 | 1.33% | 3,636 | 5.21% | 2,686 | 3.78% | 3,003 | 3.37% | 4,676 | 3.46% | 185,869 | 21.39% |
Christianity ![]() | 1,569 | 2.37% | 1,543 | 2.28% | 1,440 | 2.06% | 1,322 | 1.86% | 1,533 | 1.72% | 977 | 0.72% | 8,889 | 1.02% |
Jainism ![]() | 347 | 0.52% | 471 | 0.7% | 438 | 0.63% | 477 | 0.67% | 1,014 | 1.14% | 768 | 0.57% | 3,203 | 0.37% |
Zoroastrianism ![]() | 3 | 0% | 22 | 0.03% | 18 | 0.03% | 9 | 0.01% | 70 | 0.08% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Buddhism ![]() | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | N/A | N/A | 1,407 | 0.16% |
Others | 0 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 245 | 0.18% | 5,954 | 0.69% |
Total population | 66,202 | 100% | 67,735 | 100% | 69,818 | 100% | 71,008 | 100% | 89,030 | 100% | 135,283 | 100% | 868,929 | 100% |
Jalandhar has been selected in the second phase of the smart city project and 200 crores have been allocated to the municipal corporation for initializing the project.
Jalandhar exports goods like furniture and glass to neighboring cities, and is a global hub for the manufacture of sporting equipment. Jalandhar is famous for its sports industry and equipment manufactured in Jalandhar has been used in many international sporting games including Olympics, Commonwealth Games, Asian Games, among others. It is also a hub for manufacturing of hand tools. Jalandhar is also famous for its leather industry, leather for footwear, leather goods, furniture being sold to export houses located at Delhi, Agra, Kanpur and other Indian cities. Together with hand tools it is a major production centre of industrial tool bags being used by workmen in America and Europe.
Many new malls and shopping complexes are being established at a very rapid pace and as such is also a hub of the NRI's many of whom are from the Jalandhar region.
The nearest airport is Adampur Airport, northwest of Jalandhar which currently handles only scheduled operation on maiden flights of private carrier Spicejet to Delhi, Mumbai and Jaipur. The nearest fully-fledged International Airport is Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport in Amritsar. It is second busiest airport in North India, and is connected to other parts of the country by regular flights. Several airlines operate flights from abroad, including London Stansted, Birmingham, Dubai, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur and Doha. The airport handles as many as 48 flights every week up from the occasional, intermittent ones some years ago.
Direct train service is available for other major cities like Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Patna, Guwahati, Pune, Haridwar, Varanasi, Jaipur, Jhansi, Gwalior, Bhopal and Jammu Tawi. Some prestigious trains that halt in Jalandhar City railway station are Howrah Mail, Golden Temple Mail (Frontier Mail), New-Delhi Amritsar Shatabdi Express, Paschim Express. Now many trains of Jammu route are extended up to Mata Vaishno Devi-Katra.
Jalandhar City Railway Station is well-connected to other parts of the country, Jalandhar City is a major stop between the Amritsar-Delhi rail link which is serviced by Shatabdi Express, Intercity Express, and others
Direct Service to major cities such as Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Patna, Guwahati, Pune, Haridwar, Varanasi, Jaipur and Jammu Tawi are available. There are prestigious services such as the Howrah Mail, Golden Temple Mail (Frontier Mail), New-Delhi Amritsar Shatabdi Express, Paschim Express.
There is one of the largest networks of bus services of Punjab at Shaheed-e-Azam Sardar Bhagat Singh ISBT (Jalandhar), Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Pepsu, Chandigarh, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttrakhand, Rajasthan State Roadways, apart from private operators.
Doordarshan Kendra, Jalandhar is an Indian television station in Jalandhar, owned and operated by state-owned Doordarshan, the television network of Prasar Bharati (Broadcasting Corporation of India). [23] It was established in 1979 and produces and broadcasts the 24-hour Punjabi language TV channel, DD Punjabi, which was launched in 1998 and covers most of the state of Punjab, India.
The city is the region's headquarters for newspapers, national television and radio stations. These include Daily Ajit, Jagbani, Punjab Kesari, Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagran, Hindustan Times, The Tribune, Truescoop News, Hind Samachar , etc. [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29]
State-owned All India Radio has a local station in Jalandhar that transmits programs of mass interest. FM local radio stations include:
The Municipal Corporation of Jalandhar claims that the city has over 800 hospitals, [30] that makes it the city with the highest number of hospitals in per capita in Asia. Three new Health Centres were set up in Jalandhar on 9 September 2020. [31]
Cricket is very popular in grounds and streets of the city. There is an international-standard stadium at Gandhi Stadium formerly known as Burlton Park. The Indian cricket team played a Test Match against the Pakistan cricket team on this ground on 24 September 1983. [32]
Major Kabaddi matches are usually held at Guru Gobind Singh Stadium.
Guru Gobind Singh Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Jalandhar. It is usually used mostly for football matches and served as the home stadium of JCT Mills FC. [33] People can be seen jogging, playing soccer, weight-lifting, etc. in the stadium most of the time. The Punjab government has started new projects at the stadium.
Surjeet Hockey Stadium is a field hockey stadium in Jalandhar, Punjab, India. It is named after Jalandhar-born Olympian Surjit Singh. This stadium is home of the franchise Sher-e-Punjab of the World Series Hockey.
There is a Government Sports College in the city and it is a focus for many of the National Sports Councils. In this college, many sports are played like cricket, hockey, swimming, volleyball and basketball.
Higher education institutions include
![]() | This section contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined, unverified or indiscriminate .(October 2021) |
Name | Occupation |
---|---|
Yash Chopra | Producer/Director [43] |
Anurag Singh (director) | Director, Producer, Writer |
Diljit Dosanjh | Actor, Singer |
Karambir Singh | 24th Chief of Naval Staff of Indian Navy |
Dr. Ranbir Singh Kanwar | Sugarcane Researcher, Director of Research (Agriculture) PAU, Director of Research Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University [44] |
Lawrence Durrell | Expatriate British novelist, poet, dramatist, and travel writer [45] |
Vanya Mishra | Winner of Miss India Femina 2012 |
Sunil Dutt | Actor [46] |
Kundan Lal Saigal | Actor/Singer [47] |
Amrish Puri | Actor [48] |
Jazzy B | Singer |
Sukhwinder Panchhi | Singer |
Apache Indian | Singer |
Sarbjit Cheema | Singer |
Kanth Kaler | Singer |
Karan Mehra | Actor |
Nooran Sisters | Singers |
Master Saleem | Singer |
Hans Raj Hans | Singer |
Jagjit Singh | Singer |
Bahadur Singh | Indian former shot putter who won gold medal |
General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq | Chief of Army Staff, fourth Chief Martial Law Administrator and the sixth President of Pakistan |
Diwan Bhai Abdul Hamid | Revenue and Chief Minister of Kapurthala State |
Hafeez Jullundhri | Writer and poet |
Baba Kashmira Singh | Head of Sidhant Sant Samaj or Gurbani |
Paul Nischal | NRI President, first Indian candidate for the British Political Party |
Col. Balbir Singh Kular | Hockey Player |
Varinder Singh Ghuman | Bodybuilder, Wrestler and Punjabi Film Actor |
Ajit Pal Singh | Hockey Player |
Surjit Singh | Hockey Player |
Pargat Singh | Hockey Player |
Inder Kumar Gujral | Former Prime Minister of India |
Harbhajan Singh | Cricketer |
Wasim Sajjad | Two-time Acting President of Pakistan, Ex-Chairman of Senate |
Sheikh Anwarul Haq | Former Chief Justice |
Mian Mohammed Sharif | Surveyor General |
Lala Amarnath | Cricketer |
Sushil Kohli | Swimmer |
Lala Jagat Narain | Freedom fighter and founder of Punjab Kesri |
Basheer Hussain Najafi | One of the six Grand Ayatollahs |
Taruwar Kohli | Cricketer |
Sardar Swaran Singh | Politician |
Udham Singh (field hockey) | Hockey Player |
Avneet Kaur | Actress |
Darshan Singh (field hockey) | Hockey Player |
Salma Mumtaz | Actress |
Saurav Mandal Football player | |
Ashwini Kumar Chopra | Journalist, Politician (MP-Karnal) |
Kartar Singh Duggal | Writer |
Kulwant Singh Virk | Writer |
Ishar Singh (poet) | Poet |
Sadhu Singh Hamdard | Freedom fighter and Writer |
Prem Parkash | Writer |
Ajit Saini | Writer and Army General |
Hasrat | Writer |
Gurbachan Singh Talib | Writer |
Gurdial Singh | Writer and novelist |
Chaudhry Muhammad Ali | Former Prime Minister of Pakistan |
Swami Shraddhanand | Indian educationist and an Arya Samaj missionary |
Wazir Ali | Cricketer |
R. Paul Dhillon | Indo-Canadian journalist |
Arun Shourie | Politician, author, and journalist |
Amanjot Singh | Social Worker |
Agha Sadiq | Writer and poet |
Fateh Ali Khan | Singer. Father of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan |
Dharam Singh Uppal | Athlete |
Balbir Singh Sr. | Hockey Player |
Mandeep Singh | Cricketer |
Vimi | Actress |
Ranvir Shorey | Actor |
Sugandha Mishra | Singer, Anchor, Comedian |
Nalini Priyadarshni | Poet, Writer |
Vijay Sampla | State Minister in Union Govt |
Bhagat Chunni Lal | Minister in Punjab Govt |
Ram Kapoor | Indian Actor |
Sardar Buta Singh | Ex-Home Minister of India |
Sukhbir Singh | Punjabi Musician, Singer |
Amarjit Kaypee | Former highest run scorer in Ranji Trophy (Cricket) |
Akshaye Khanna | Indian Actor |
Surbhi Jyoti | Indian Actress |
Jyotica Tangri | Playback singer, appeared in several reality TV shows |
Lord Wilberforce | British Judge |
Jass Manak | Singer |
Manpreet Singh | Hockey Player |
Garry Sandhu | Singer |
Akhil | Singer |
Jasmine Sandlas | Singer |
Amritsar, historically also known as Rāmdāspur and colloquially as Ambarsar, is the second largest city in the Indian state of Punjab, after Ludhiana. It is a major cultural, transportation and economic centre, located in the Majha region of Punjab. The city is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district.
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Hoshiarpur district is a district of Punjab state in northern India. Hoshiarpur, one of the oldest districts of Punjab, is located in the North-east part of the Punjab state and shares common boundaries with Gurdaspur district in the north-west, Jalandhar district and Kapurthala district in south-west, Kangra district and Una district of Himachal Pradesh in the north-east. Hoshiarpur district comprises 4 sub-divisions, 10 community development blocks, 9 urban local bodies and 1417 villages. The district has an area of 3365 km2. and a population of 1,586,625 persons as per census 2011.
Pathankot is a city and the district headquarters of the Pathankot district in Punjab, India. Pathankot is the 6th most populous city of Punjab, after Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Patiala and Bathinda. Its local government is a municipal corporation.
The university is Entitled by University Grants Commission to offer higher studies degree courses online. Guru Nanak Dev University's campus is spread over 500 acres (200 ha) near village of Kot Khalsa, nearly eight km (5.0 mi) west of the Amritsar, next to Khalsa College, Amritsar.
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. District headquarters is Jalandhar city.
Nawanshahr is a municipal council in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was previously a town that became a district in 1995.
Rahon is a city and a municipal council in the district Shaheed Bhagat Singh of the Indian state of Punjab. Rahon is in Doaba region of Punjab. Doaba also known as Bist Doab, is the region of Punjab, India that lies between the Beas River and the Sutlej River. A famous battle was fought here between Sikhs and Mughals i.e Battle of Rahon (1710).
Banga is a town and Municipal council in the Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab, India. Banga is also one of the sub-division (tehsil) headquarters of the district. Banga located on Phagwara-Rupnagar section of National Highway 344A. It is currently estimated to have a population of about 23,000 and is classified as a class 2 Municipality. The town also incorporates the former village of Jindowal apart from Banga town.
Kartarpur is a town, near the city of Jalandhar in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab and is located in the Doaba region of the state. It was founded by the fifth Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Arjan.
Punjab has a long history of education.
Bundala, also spelt as Bandala, is a large village in Jalandhar zillah situated in Tehsil Phillaur within the Indian state of Punjab and is located in the centre of the Doaba region of Punjab.
Punjab is a state in northern India. Forming part of the larger Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, the state is bordered by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh to the north and northeast, Haryana to the south and southeast, and Rajasthan to the southwest; by the Indian union territories of Chandigarh to the east and Jammu and Kashmir to the north. It shares an international border with Punjab, a province of Pakistan to the west. The state covers an area of 50,362 square kilometres, which is 1.53% of India's total geographical area, making it the 19th-largest Indian state by area out of 28 Indian states. With over 27 million inhabitants, Punjab is the 16th-largest Indian state by population, comprising 23 districts. Punjabi, written in the Gurmukhi script, is the most widely spoken and the official language of the state. The main ethnic groups are the Punjabis, with Sikhs and Hindus as the dominant religious groups. The state capital is Chandigarh, a union territory and also the capital of the neighbouring state of Haryana. The five tributary rivers of the Indus River from which the region takes its name are the Sutlej, the Beas, the Ravi, the Chenab and the Jhelum. Of these, the first three flow through Indian Punjab.
Vijay Kumar Chopra is the chief executive officer and editor in chief of the Punjab Kesari print news organisation. He is involved in social welfare work and has received a Padma Shri award. In August 2009, he was elected by the Chairman of the Press Trust of India.
Gobindpur is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of in the Indian state of Punjab. it was originally known as Salaimpur, but later had its name changed to Gobindpur after Guru Hargobind visited it in the 17th century. It is located 3.8 kilometres (2.4 mi) away from City Banga, 19.7 kilometres (12.2 mi) from district headquarter Nawanshahr and 110 kilometres (68 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.