Jalandhar

This article is about the municipality in Punjab. For its namesake district, see Jalandhar district.

Jalandhar
Metropolis
Clockwise from top: Devi Talab Mandir, Gurdwara Sri Singh Sahba, St. Mary's Cathedral, Jalandhar, Guru Gobind Singh Stadium, Haveli, Wonderland, Jalandhar Cantonment, Gandhi Stadium.
Jalandhar Show map of Punjab Jalandhar Show map of India
Coordinates: 31°15′25″N75°26′36″E / 31.2569°N 75.4432°E / 31.2569; 75.4432 Coordinates: 31°15′25″N75°26′36″E / 31.2569°N 75.4432°E / 31.2569; 75.4432
Country	India
State	Punjab
District	Jalandhar
Named for	In Water
Government
• Divisional Commissioner	Veerendra Kumar Meena, IAS [1]
• Deputy Commissioner	Jaspreet Singh, IAS [2]
•  Member of Parliament	Santokh Singh Chaudhary, Congress
• Mayor	Jagdish Raja [3]
Area [4]
• Total	120 km2 (50 sq mi)
• Rank	3rd in Punjab
Elevation	228 m (748 ft)
Population  (2022 [5] )
• Total	1,096,000
Demonym	Jalandhariye
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	144 001
Area code	0181
Vehicle registration	PB08,PB90,PB37 PB67,PB33
Literacy	82.3%
Website	jalandhar.nic.in

Jalandhar is the third most-populous city in the Indian state of Punjab and the largest city in Doaba region. Jalandhar lies alongside the Grand Trunk Road and is a well-connected rail and road junction. Jalandhar is 146 km (91 mi) northwest of the state capital Chandigarh, 83.5 km (51.9 mi) south-east of Amritsar and 61.3 km (38.1 mi) north of Ludhiana. Jalandhar is about 381 km (230 miles) from national capital Delhi. The famous road NH1 crosses from Jalandhar.

History

Kos Minar along Grand Trunk Road in Dakhini near Jalandhar, from Sher Shah Suri period

The history of Jalandhar District comprises three periods — ancient, medieval and modern.

The city may be named after Jalandhara, a Nath Guru, who was from here. ^{[ citation needed ]}. The city was founded by Devasya Verma as mentioned in Vedas. Other possibilities include that it was the capital of the kingdom of Lava, son of Rama or that the name derives from the vernacular term Jalandhar, meaning area inside the water, i.e., tract lying between the two rivers Satluj and Beas. ^[6] The whole of Punjab and the area of present Jalandhar District was part of the Indus Valley Civilization. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro are the sites where remains of the Indus Valley civilization have been found extensively. The archaeological explorations made during recent years have pushed the ancient times of Jalandhar District of Harappa period.

Jalandhar and the Doaba was conquered by the Ghaznavids during the reign of Ibrahim of Ghazni between 1058 and 1089. ^[7] It later formed part of the province of Lahore during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire. The 18th century saw upheaval in Jalandhar amidst an anarchy caused by the disintegration of the Mughals and power struggles involving Persians, Afghans and Sikhs. It was captured by the Faizullahpuria Misl in 1766, and in 1811 Maharaja Ranjit Singh incorporated it within the Sikh Empire. ^[8]

In 1849, following the annexation of the Punjab by the East India Company, the city of Jalandhar, written in English as Jullundur by Company officials, became the headquarters of the Division and District of the same name. In 1858 Company rule in India ended and the city became part of the British Raj. In the mid to late 19th century, the Punjab administration regarded Jullundur as too densely populated and farmed to capacity. This led to the district being a chief recruitment area for settlers to colonise the newly irrigated Punjab Canal Colonies in western Punjab. ^[9]

The Khilafat Movement started in the district in early 1920 to bring pressure on the government to change their policy towards Turkey. Mahatma Gandhi extended sympathy and support to this movement however in response the District was declared a 'Proclaimed Area' under the Seditious Meetings Act. In 1924, Pakistani general and military dictator Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq was born in the city.

Prior to the partition of India, Muslims were in plurality in Jalandhar. According to 1941 census, Muslims made up 45.2% of the population, compared to Hindus and Sikhs being 27.6% and 26.5% respectively. ^[10] Within a period of 10 years, from 1941 to 1951, Muslim population in Jalandhar reduced from 45.2% to 0.2%. ^[10]

Climate

The city has a humid subtropical climate with cool winters and long, hot summers. Summers last from April to June and winters from November to February. Temperatures in the summer vary from average highs of around 48 °C (118 °F) to average lows of around 25 °C (77 °F). Winter temperatures have highs of 19 °C (66 °F) to lows of −7 °C (19 °F). The climate is dry on the whole, except during the brief southwest monsoon season during July and August. The average annual rainfall is about 70 cm. In 2018, Jalandhar witnessed Heavy rainfall, with over 20% increase from average rainfall. ^[11] Since it is in the northern plains, it feels really cold during winters and very hot during summers.

Climate data for Jalandhar
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	19.4 (66.9)	21.6 (70.9)	26.0 (78.8)	34.5 (94.1)	39.4 (102.9)	40.6 (105.1)	34.1 (93.4)	33.1 (91.6)	32.6 (90.7)	31.5 (88.7)	27.2 (81.0)	22.3 (72.1)	30.2 (86.4)
Average low °C (°F)	6.2 (43.2)	8.6 (47.5)	13.2 (55.8)	19.0 (66.2)	23.8 (74.8)	25.6 (78.1)	24.7 (76.5)	25.8 (78.4)	21.8 (71.2)	18.3 (64.9)	12.1 (53.8)	7.2 (45.0)	17.2 (63.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	10.7 (0.42)	16.7 (0.66)	32.8 (1.29)	15.2 (0.60)	20.4 (0.80)	69.7 (2.74)	155.2 (6.11)	183.6 (7.23)	60.0 (2.36)	1.5 (0.06)	6 (0.2)	15 (0.6)	586.8 (23.07)
Source: [12]

Demographics

See also: List of cities in Punjab and Chandigarh

Population

As per provisional data of 2011 census Jalandhar had a population of 873,725, of which 463,975 were male and 409,750 female.

Literacy

The literacy rate was 86.22 per cent. ^[13] For males and females respectively the literacy rate was 88.82% and 83.30%

Religion

Religion in Jalandhar city [14]
Religion			Percent
Hinduism			74.90%
Sikhism			21.39%
Islam			1.47%
Christianity			1.02%
Others			1.22%

As per the census of 2011, Hinduism and Sikhism are the religions of the vast majority of people in Jalandhar.

Religious groups in Jalandhar City (1891−2011) ^{[lower-alpha 1]}

Religious group	1891 [16] : 68		1901 [17] : 44		1911 [18] : 20		1921 [19] : 23		1931 [20] : 26		1941 [15] : 32		2011
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Islam	38,994	58.9%	40,081	59.17%	40,903	58.59%	42,261	59.52%	52,577	59.06%	80,242	59.31%	12,744	1.47%
Hinduism	23,085	34.87%	24,715	36.49%	23,383	33.49%	24,253	34.16%	30,833 [lower-alpha 2]	34.63%	48,375 [lower-alpha 2]	35.76%	650,863	74.9%
Sikhism	2,274	3.43%	901	1.33%	3,636	5.21%	2,686	3.78%	3,003	3.37%	4,676	3.46%	185,869	21.39%
Christianity	1,569	2.37%	1,543	2.28%	1,440	2.06%	1,322	1.86%	1,533	1.72%	977	0.72%	8,889	1.02%
Jainism	347	0.52%	471	0.7%	438	0.63%	477	0.67%	1,014	1.14%	768	0.57%	3,203	0.37%
Zoroastrianism	3	0%	22	0.03%	18	0.03%	9	0.01%	70	0.08%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Buddhism	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	N/A	N/A	1,407	0.16%
Others	0	0%	2	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	245	0.18%	5,954	0.69%
Total population	66,202	100%	67,735	100%	69,818	100%	71,008	100%	89,030	100%	135,283	100%	868,929	100%

Economy

Jalandhar has been selected in the second phase of the smart city project and 200 crores have been allocated to the municipal corporation for initializing the project.

Jalandhar exports goods like furniture and glass to neighboring cities, and is a global hub for the manufacture of sporting equipment. Jalandhar is famous for its sports industry and equipment manufactured in Jalandhar has been used in many international sporting games including Olympics, Commonwealth Games, Asian Games, among others. It is also a hub for manufacturing of hand tools. Jalandhar is also famous for its leather industry, leather for footwear, leather goods, furniture being sold to export houses located at Delhi, Agra, Kanpur and other Indian cities. Together with hand tools it is a major production centre of industrial tool bags being used by workmen in America and Europe.

Many new malls and shopping complexes are being established at a very rapid pace and as such is also a hub of the NRI's many of whom are from the Jalandhar region.

Transport

By air

The nearest airport is Adampur Airport, northwest of Jalandhar which currently handles only scheduled operation on maiden flights of private carrier Spicejet to Delhi, Mumbai and Jaipur. The nearest fully-fledged International Airport is Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport in Amritsar. It is second busiest airport in North India, and is connected to other parts of the country by regular flights. Several airlines operate flights from abroad, including London Stansted, Birmingham, Dubai, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur and Doha. The airport handles as many as 48 flights every week up from the occasional, intermittent ones some years ago.

By rail

Direct train service is available for other major cities like Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Patna, Guwahati, Pune, Haridwar, Varanasi, Jaipur, Jhansi, Gwalior, Bhopal and Jammu Tawi. Some prestigious trains that halt in Jalandhar City railway station are Howrah Mail, Golden Temple Mail (Frontier Mail), New-Delhi Amritsar Shatabdi Express, Paschim Express. Now many trains of Jammu route are extended up to Mata Vaishno Devi-Katra.

Jalandhar City Railway Station is well-connected to other parts of the country, Jalandhar City is a major stop between the Amritsar-Delhi rail link which is serviced by Shatabdi Express, Intercity Express, and others

Direct Service to major cities such as Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Patna, Guwahati, Pune, Haridwar, Varanasi, Jaipur and Jammu Tawi are available. There are prestigious services such as the Howrah Mail, Golden Temple Mail (Frontier Mail), New-Delhi Amritsar Shatabdi Express, Paschim Express.

By road

There is one of the largest networks of bus services of Punjab at Shaheed-e-Azam Sardar Bhagat Singh ISBT (Jalandhar), Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Pepsu, Chandigarh, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttrakhand, Rajasthan State Roadways, apart from private operators.

Religious places

• Gurudwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib
• Guru Ravidass Dham
• Devi talab mandir
• Nakodar Darbar Baba Murad Shah Ji
• Cantonment Church
• Dera Sachkand Ballan
• Gurudwara sahib ji
• Gurdwara Guru Tegh Bahadur Nagar ^[21]
• Geeta Mandir Jalandhar

Leisure

Interior of Viva Collage Mall, Jalandhar

View Of WonderLand's Water Park in the Evening

• Niku Park
• Prithvi's Planet
• Smmash
• Wonder Land ^[22]

Media

Punjab Kesari header with the photos of its founders, Lala Jagat Narain and Romesh Chander.

Jag Bani

Doordarshan Kendra, Jalandhar is an Indian television station in Jalandhar, owned and operated by state-owned Doordarshan, the television network of Prasar Bharati (Broadcasting Corporation of India). ^[23] It was established in 1979 and produces and broadcasts the 24-hour Punjabi language TV channel, DD Punjabi, which was launched in 1998 and covers most of the state of Punjab, India.

The city is the region's headquarters for newspapers, national television and radio stations. These include Daily Ajit, Jagbani, Punjab Kesari, Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagran, Hindustan Times, The Tribune, Truescoop News, Hind Samachar , etc. ^{[24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29]}

State-owned All India Radio has a local station in Jalandhar that transmits programs of mass interest. FM local radio stations include:

• Radio city 91.9 MHz
• BIG FM 92.7 92.7 MHz
• 94.3 FM-My Fm- 94.3 MHz
• Radio Mirchi 98.3 MHz
• All India Radio 102.7 MHz

Healthcare

The Municipal Corporation of Jalandhar claims that the city has over 800 hospitals, ^[30] that makes it the city with the highest number of hospitals in per capita in Asia. Three new Health Centres were set up in Jalandhar on 9 September 2020. ^[31]

Sports

Cricket

Cricket is very popular in grounds and streets of the city. There is an international-standard stadium at Gandhi Stadium formerly known as Burlton Park. The Indian cricket team played a Test Match against the Pakistan cricket team on this ground on 24 September 1983. ^[32]

Kabaddi

Major Kabaddi matches are usually held at Guru Gobind Singh Stadium.

Guru Gobind Singh Stadium

Guru Gobind Singh Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Jalandhar. It is usually used mostly for football matches and served as the home stadium of JCT Mills FC. ^[33] People can be seen jogging, playing soccer, weight-lifting, etc. in the stadium most of the time. The Punjab government has started new projects at the stadium.

Surjit Hockey Stadium

Surjeet Hockey Stadium is a field hockey stadium in Jalandhar, Punjab, India. It is named after Jalandhar-born Olympian Surjit Singh. This stadium is home of the franchise Sher-e-Punjab of the World Series Hockey.

Sports college

There is a Government Sports College in the city and it is a focus for many of the National Sports Councils. In this college, many sports are played like cricket, hockey, swimming, volleyball and basketball.

Education

Main article: List of institutions of higher education in Punjab

Higher education institutions include

Universities

• DAV Institute of Engineering & Technology
• DAV University
• Doaba College
• GNA University
• Guru Nanak Dev University Regional Campus
• Lovely Professional University
• Kanya Maha Vidyalaya
• Lyallpur Khalsa College for Women
• Lyallpur Khalsa College
• Khalsa College
• Mata Gujri Institute of Nursing
• Mehr Chand Polytechnic College
• NIT Jalandhar

  

  Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar

• Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences
• Punjab Technical University
• D.A.V. College, Jalandhar

Schools

• BSF School Jalandhar Cantt
• Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1, Jalandhar Cantonment
• St Joseph's Boys' School, Jalandhar, Defence Colony

• Apeejay School, Mahavir Marg ^[34]
• Apeejay School, Rama Mandi ^[35]
• British Olivia Sr. Sec. School, Jalandhar ^[36]
• Cambridge Innovative School, Urban Estate Phase-II ^[37]
• MGN Public School, Adarsh Nagar ^[38]
• MGN Public School, Urban Estate Phase-II ^[39]
• SD Model School Jalandhar Cantt ^[40]
• Shiv Jyoti Public School ^[41]
• Swami Sant Dass Public School ^[42]

Jalandhar Cantonment

Main article: Jalandhar Cantonment

Notable people

Diljit Dosanjh

I. K. Gujral

Sugandha Mishra

Amrish Puri

Harbhajan Singh

Rannvijay Singh

Dharam Singh Uppal

Name	Occupation
Yash Chopra	Producer/Director [43]
Anurag Singh (director)	Director, Producer, Writer
Diljit Dosanjh	Actor, Singer
Karambir Singh	24th Chief of Naval Staff of Indian Navy
Dr. Ranbir Singh Kanwar	Sugarcane Researcher, Director of Research (Agriculture) PAU, Director of Research Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University [44]
Lawrence Durrell	Expatriate British novelist, poet, dramatist, and travel writer [45]
Vanya Mishra	Winner of Miss India Femina 2012
Sunil Dutt	Actor [46]
Kundan Lal Saigal	Actor/Singer [47]
Amrish Puri	Actor [48]
Jazzy B	Singer
Sukhwinder Panchhi	Singer
Apache Indian	Singer
Sarbjit Cheema	Singer
Kanth Kaler	Singer
Karan Mehra	Actor
Nooran Sisters	Singers
Master Saleem	Singer
Hans Raj Hans	Singer
Jagjit Singh	Singer
Bahadur Singh	Indian former shot putter who won gold medal
General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq	Chief of Army Staff, fourth Chief Martial Law Administrator and the sixth President of Pakistan
Diwan Bhai Abdul Hamid	Revenue and Chief Minister of Kapurthala State
Hafeez Jullundhri	Writer and poet
Baba Kashmira Singh	Head of Sidhant Sant Samaj or Gurbani
Paul Nischal	NRI President, first Indian candidate for the British Political Party
Col. Balbir Singh Kular	Hockey Player
Varinder Singh Ghuman	Bodybuilder, Wrestler and Punjabi Film Actor
Ajit Pal Singh	Hockey Player
Surjit Singh	Hockey Player
Pargat Singh	Hockey Player
Inder Kumar Gujral	Former Prime Minister of India
Harbhajan Singh	Cricketer
Wasim Sajjad	Two-time Acting President of Pakistan, Ex-Chairman of Senate
Sheikh Anwarul Haq	Former Chief Justice
Mian Mohammed Sharif	Surveyor General
Lala Amarnath	Cricketer
Sushil Kohli	Swimmer
Lala Jagat Narain	Freedom fighter and founder of Punjab Kesri
Basheer Hussain Najafi	One of the six Grand Ayatollahs
Taruwar Kohli	Cricketer
Sardar Swaran Singh	Politician
Udham Singh (field hockey)	Hockey Player
Avneet Kaur	Actress
Darshan Singh (field hockey)	Hockey Player
Salma Mumtaz	Actress
Saurav Mandal Football player
Ashwini Kumar Chopra	Journalist, Politician (MP-Karnal)
Kartar Singh Duggal	Writer
Kulwant Singh Virk	Writer
Ishar Singh (poet)	Poet
Sadhu Singh Hamdard	Freedom fighter and Writer
Prem Parkash	Writer
Ajit Saini	Writer and Army General
Hasrat	Writer
Gurbachan Singh Talib	Writer
Gurdial Singh	Writer and novelist
Chaudhry Muhammad Ali	Former Prime Minister of Pakistan
Swami Shraddhanand	Indian educationist and an Arya Samaj missionary
Wazir Ali	Cricketer
R. Paul Dhillon	Indo-Canadian journalist
Arun Shourie	Politician, author, and journalist
Amanjot Singh	Social Worker
Agha Sadiq	Writer and poet
Fateh Ali Khan	Singer. Father of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
Dharam Singh Uppal	Athlete
Balbir Singh Sr.	Hockey Player
Mandeep Singh	Cricketer
Vimi	Actress
Ranvir Shorey	Actor
Sugandha Mishra	Singer, Anchor, Comedian
Nalini Priyadarshni	Poet, Writer
Vijay Sampla	State Minister in Union Govt
Bhagat Chunni Lal	Minister in Punjab Govt
Ram Kapoor	Indian Actor
Sardar Buta Singh	Ex-Home Minister of India
Sukhbir Singh	Punjabi Musician, Singer
Amarjit Kaypee	Former highest run scorer in Ranji Trophy (Cricket)
Akshaye Khanna	Indian Actor
Surbhi Jyoti	Indian Actress
Jyotica Tangri	Playback singer, appeared in several reality TV shows
Lord Wilberforce	British Judge
Jass Manak	Singer
Manpreet Singh	Hockey Player
Garry Sandhu	Singer
Akhil	Singer
Jasmine Sandlas	Singer

Notes

1. 1891-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Jalandhar, which included Jalandhar Municipality and Jalandhar Cantonment. ^{[15] : 32}
2. 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis

References

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30. "Jalandhar City Hospitals | Asia".
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33. Bhattal, Amardeep (11 February 2000). "Mahindras trounce JCT 3–0". tribuneindia.com. Ludhiana, Punjab: The Tribune Online. Tribune News Service. Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
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36. "Best CBSE School in Jalandhar". British Olivia School. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
37. "Cambridge Innovative School Jalandhar - Best CBSE Schools in Jalandhar".
38. "MGN Public School, Adarsh Nagar, Jalandhar". MGN Public School, Adarsh Nagar, Jalandhar. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
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40. "SD MODEL SCHOOL | An English Medium Co-Educational Institution" . Retrieved 25 October 2019.
41. "Home". Shiv Jyoti Public School.
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43. "King Khan salutes Yash Chopra's alma mater". Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
44. Ranbir Singh Kanwar
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46. "village khurd in jalandhar". Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
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48. "veethi". Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.

External links

• Official website
• Jalandhar travel guide from Wikivoyage