List of chief ministers of Punjab, India

Last updated
Chief Minister of Punjab
Seal of the Government Of Punjab (Black On White).svg
Bhagwant Mann.png
Incumbent
Bhagwant Mann
since 16 March 2022 (2022-03-16)
Government of Punjab
Style The Honourable (Formal)
Mr. Chief Minister (Informal)
Status Head of government
AbbreviationCM
Member of
Reports to Governor of Punjab
Residence House Number 7, Sector 2, Chandigarh, Punjab
Seat Punjab Civil Secretariat, Capitol Complex, Chandigarh
Appointer Governor of Punjab
Term length At the confidence of the assembly
Chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits. [1]
Precursor Premier of the Punjab
Chief Minister of PEPSU
Inaugural holder Gopi Chand Bhargava
Formation5 April 1937
(87 years ago)
 (1937-04-05)
Deputy Deputy Chief Minister
Salary
  • 230,000 (US$2,600)/monthly [2]
  • 2,760,000 (US$32,000)/annually

The chief minister of Punjab is the head of the government of Punjab. As per the Constitution of India, the Governor of Punjab is the state's head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the Punjab Legislative Assembly, the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits. [1]

Contents

History

Punjab Province (1937-1947)

The province of Punjab was then headquartered in Lahore.Under the Government of India Act 1935, a bicameral legislature was set up with a legislative assembly and a legislative council with a government headed by the Prime Minister. The Unionist Party won the Punjab Provincial Assembly elections, 1937 and Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan became the Premier of Punjab and hold the position up to his death in 1942. Khan was succeeded by Sir Khizar Tiwana. In 1946 elections were held the Unionist Party stood fourth place but with the support of Indian National Congress and Shiromani Akali Dal formed the government under Sir Khizar Tiwana. Tiwana later resigned on 2 March 1947 against the decision of Partition of India.

Patiala and East Punjab States Union (1948-1956)

Patiala and East Punjab States Union or PEPSU was an Indian state formed by the union of the post-partition province of Punjab on the Indian side of the border with eight princely states, which were allowed to maintain their native monarchs. The state was inaugurated on 15 July 1948 and formally became a state in 1950. Among these princely states, six were salute states:- Patiala, Jind, Kapurthala, Nabha, Faridkot and Malerkotla. The other two states were Nalagarh and Kalsia. PEPSU was earlier headed by the Premier, from 1952 the chief minister become the head of the government. On 1 November 1956, PEPSU was merged mostly into East Punjab (Punjab from 1950) following the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.

East Punjab (1947-1966)

The state of East Punjab was formed in 1947 later it was renamed Punjab in 1950. It consisted of the parts of the Punjab Province of British India that went to India following the partition of India. Since 1947, Punjab has had fifteen chief ministers. The first was Gopi Chand Bhargava of the Indian National Congress party, who was sworn in on 15 August 1947, when India gained independence from the British. He was succeeded by fellow Congressman Bhim Sen Sachar, who was then subsequently replaced after 188 days by former Chief Minister Gopi Chand Bhargava. After a brief term, President Rajendra Prasad placed the Punjab Legislative Assembly under suspension for ninth months to help the state government gets its act together. In 1952, the first state elections took place for the Legislative Assembly. The results of the election saw the return of the Congress government with former Chief Minister Bhim Sen Sachar as its leader. After he resigned in 1956, Partap Singh Kairon became chief minister. Serving until 1964, Kairon remains one of Punjab's longest-serving chief ministers. He was followed by the returning Chief Minister Gopi Chand Bhargava, who briefly held office as acting chief minister for only 15 days. In July 1964, Ram Kishan assumed the office and served for two years. His tenure was followed by the President's rule which lasted for 119 days. On 1 November 1966, the state of Haryana was partitioned from Punjab and some other districts were given to the state of Himachal Pradesh.

Punjab (Since 1966)

The first chief minister of the newly re-configured state was Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir who led a Congress government from the Vidhan Parishad, one of only two to have done so. In the 1967 elections, he was voted out of power in favour of the Akali Das Sant Fateh Singh Group whose leader Gurnam Singh became the first non-Congress chief minister. Gurnam Singh's government was succeeded by three short-lived Akali Dal governments—Lachhman Singh Gill's government for less than a year and a little more than a year under the returning Gurnam Singh and Parkash Singh Badal. After 272 days under President's rule, the Congress party returned to power under the future President Zail Singh. In 1977, Parkash Singh Badal became the chief minister for the second time. Darbara Singh became chief minister in 1980 and remained in office for three years before a long period under President's rule. A brief interlude under Surjit Singh Barnala followed, after which three Congress-led governments took office—led by Beant Singh from 1992 to 1995, Harcharan Singh Brar from 1995 to 1996 and Rajinder Kaur Bhattal from 1996 to 1997. Upon taking office, Rajinder Kaur Bhattal became the first female chief minister of Punjab and overall the 8th female chief minister in India.

Parkash Singh Badal assumed office for the third time in 1997 and became the first chief minister, since Kairon's resignation in 1964, to serve a full term. Badal was succeeded by Congressman Amarinder Singh, who also successfully served a full term. In 2017 he became CM for the second time but failed to complete his tenure due to internal political factionalism and Charanjit Singh Channi became the first Dalit chief minister of Punjab just 6 months before the expiry of the 15th assembly.

Office

The office of the chief minister of Punjab is located at Punjab Civil Secretariat, Sector – 1, Chandigarh. [3]

Leader of the House

A Minister designated by the Government to supervise the management of government business in the Legislative Assembly is known as the Leader of the House. The Rules of Procedure of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha define "Leader of the House". In both Houses, the leader of the house is a crucial official who directly affects how business is done. A House deputy leader may also be appointed by him. Government meeting scheduling and House business are under the purview of the Leader of the House. In addition, the Leader of the House serves as the legislative chair of the majority party. Rather than the Constitution, the Rules of the House specify the duties of the head of the house.

Role and Function

One important parliamentary official who has direct authority over the way the Legislative assembly operates is the Leader of the House. All of the government's policies are centered around him, particularly as they relate to the House's internal operations and measures pertaining to the conduct of its business. The Chief Whip resolves the specifics with the Leader of the House's agreement, although the Leader of the House is ultimately in charge of how government activity is organized. The Leader of the House suggests dates for the House's summons and prorogation with the Chair's approval. He is in charge of organizing the formal proceedings of the Parliamentary Session, including the introduction of legislation and motions.

Leader of House of Punjab Assembly

Since the formation of the Punjab Legislative assembly, the leader of the house of assembly is served by the Chief minister of Punjab. However there were two certain occasions when the Chief minister was the not the member of the house of legislative assembly and thus during that period of time, the role of the leader of house is served by person other than the chief minister. When Gopi Chand Bhargava became the acting chief minister of the Punjab in the year of 1964 after the resignation of the then chief minister Partap Singh Kairon, the role of the leader of the house was fulfilled by the Kairon even after his resignation. Second time, when Gurmukh Singh Musafir become the chief minister after the reorganization of Punjab in 1966, the predecessor chief minister Ram Kishan served as the leader of the house during the chief minister-ship of the Musaffir. In all other cases, the chief minister of Punjab also serves as the Leader of the House.

Key

Precursors

Punjab Province (1937-1947)

Color key

Patiala and East Punjab States Union (1948-1956)

Color key

NoPortraitName

(Birth–Death)
(Constituency)

Term of officeTime in officeParty
(Alliance/ Partner)
Assembly
(Election)
Appointed by
(Rajpramukh)
Took officeLeft office
Premier (1948–1952)
- Gian Singh Rarewala ex CM.png Gian Singh Rarewala
(1901-1979)
( – )
15 July 194813 January 1949182 days IND Not Yet Created Yadavindra Singh
1 Gian Singh Rarewala ex CM.png Gian Singh Rarewala
(1901-1979)
( – )
13 January 194923 May 1951 [R] 2 years, 130 days
2 Col. Raghbir Singh.jpg Raghbir Singh
(1895-1955)
( – )
23 May 195121 April 19521 year, 333 days Indian National Congress
Chief Minister (1952–1956)
1 Col. Raghbir Singh.jpg Raghbir Singh
(1895-1955)
(Patiala Sadar)
21 April 195222 April 1952 [R] 1 day Indian National Congress 1st
(1952)
Yadavindra Singh
2 Gian Singh Rarewala ex CM.png Gian Singh Rarewala
(1901-1979)
(Amloh)
22 April 19525 March 1953317 days IND
(UDF)
(i) Emblem of India.svg Vacant [a]
(President's rule)
5 March 19538 March 19541 year, 3 days- Rajendra Prasad
(1) Col. Raghbir Singh.jpg Raghbir Singh
(1895-1955)
(Patiala Sadar)
8 March 195412 January 1955 [d] 310 days Indian National Congress 2nd
(1954)
Yadavindra Singh
3 Brish Bhan.png Brish Bhan
(1908-1988)
(Kalayat)
12 January 19551 November 1956 [pd] 1 year, 294 days

Chief ministers of Punjab

Color keys for the party of the chief minister

S.No.PortraitName
(birth-death)
(Constituency)
TenureParty
(Coalition)
ElectionAssemblyAppointed by (Governor)
Took officeLeft officeTerm in office
Before reorganisation of Punjab (1947–1966)
1 Gopi Chand Bhargava1.jpg Gopi Chand Bhargava
(1889-1966)
(University)
15 August 194713 April 1949 [R] 1 year, 241 days Indian National Congress 1946 Interim Assembly C M Trivedi
2 Bhim Sen Sachar.png Bhim Sen Sachar
(1894-1978)
(Lahore City)
13 April 1949 [b] 18 October 1949 [R] 188 days
(1) Gopi Chand Bhargava1.jpg Gopi Chand Bhargava
(1889-1966)
(University)
18 October 194920 June 19511 year, 245 days
(i) Emblem of India.svg Vacant [a]
(President's rule)
20 June 195117 April 1952302 days-
(2) Bhim Sen Sachar.png Bhim Sen Sachar
(1894-1978)
(Ludhiana City South)
17 April 195222 July 1953 [R] 3 years, 281 days Indian National Congress 1952 First C M Trivedi
22 July 1953 [c] 23 January 1956 [R] C P N Singh
3 Partap Singh Kairon.png Partap Singh Kairon
(1901-1965)
(Sujanpur)
23 January 19569 April 19578 years, 150 days
9 April 195711 March 1962 1957 Second
12 March 196221 June 1964 [R] 1962 Third N V Gadgil
- Gopi Chand Bhargava1.jpg Gopi Chand Bhargava
(1889-1966)
(MLC)
(Acting)
21 June 1964 [d] 6 July 196415 days P T A Pillai
4 Ram Kishan panjab digital library (Cropped).jpg Ram Kishan
(1913-1971)
(Jalandhar North East)
7 July 19645 July 19661 year, 363 days
(ii) Emblem of India.svg Vacant [a]
(President's rule)
5 July 19661 November 1966119 days-
After reorganisation of Punjab (Since 1966)
5 Gurmukh Singh Musafir. 1899-1976. c 1970.jpg Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir
(1899-1976)
(MLC)
11 November 19668 March 1967127 days Indian National Congress 1962 Third Dharma Vira
6 Justice Gurnam Singh (cropped).jpg Gurnam Singh
(1899-1973)
(Qila Raipur)
8 March 196725 November 1967 [R] 262 days Akali Dal Sant Fateh Singh Group
(PUF)
1967 Fourth
7 Lachhman Singh Gill.png Lachhman Singh Gill
(1917-1969)
(Dharamkot)
25 November 196723 August 1968 [R] 272 days Punjab Janata Party
(INC)
D C Pavate
(iii) Emblem of India.svg Vacant [a]
(President's rule)
23 August 196817 February 1969178 days-
(6) Justice Gurnam Singh (cropped).jpg Gurnam Singh
(1899-1973)
(Qila Raipur)
17 February 196927 March 1970 [R] 1 year, 38 days Shiromani Akali Dal
(UFP
till 1970)

(BJS
1970-71)
1969 Fifth D C Pavate
8 Prakash Singh Badal 1977.jpg Parkash Singh Badal
(1927-2023)
(Gidderbaha)
27 March 197014 June 19711 year, 79 days
(iv) Emblem of India.svg Vacant [a]
(President's rule)
14 June 197117 March 1972277 days-
9 Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India (cropped).png Zail Singh
(1916-1994)
(Anandpur Sahib)
17 March 197230 April 19775 years, 44 days Indian National Congress
(CPI)
1972 Sixth M M Chaudhary
(v) Emblem of India.svg Vacant [a]
(President's rule)
30 April 197720 June 197751 days-
(8) Prakash Singh Badal 1977.jpg Parkash Singh Badal
(1927-2023)
(Gidderbaha)
20 June 197717 February 19802 years, 242 days Shiromani Akali Dal
(JP & CPI)
1977 Seventh M M Chaudhary
(vi) Emblem of India.svg Vacant [a]
(President's rule)
17 February 19806 June 1980110 days-
10 Darbara Singh.png Darbara Singh
(1916-1990)
(Nakodar)
6 June 19806 October 19833 years, 122 days Indian National Congress 1980 Eighth J L Hathi
(vii) Emblem of India.svg Vacant [a]
(President's rule)
6 October 198329 September 19851 year, 358 days-
11 The Vice President, Shri Mohd. Hamid Ansari with the Governor of Tamil Nadu, Shri Surjit Singh Barnala and the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Dr. Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi (cropped) (Surjit Singh Barnala).png Surjit Singh Barnala
(1925-2017)
(Barnala)
29 September 198511 June 19871 year, 255 days Shiromani Akali Dal 1985 Ninth Arjun Singh
(viii) Emblem of India.svg Vacant [a]
(President's rule)
11 June 198725 February 19924 years, 259 days-
12 Beant Singh 2013 stamp of India (cropped).png Beant Singh
(1922-1995)
(Jalandhar Cantonment)
25 February 199231 August 1995
[†]
3 years, 187 days Indian National Congress 1992 Tenth Surendra Nath
13 Harcharan Singh Brar ex CM.png Harcharan Singh Brar
(1922-2009)
(Muktsar)
31 August 199521 November 1996 [R] 1 year, 82 days B K N Chhibber
14 Rajinder Kaur Bhattal.jpg Rajinder Kaur Bhattal
(b. 1945)
(Lehra)
21 November 199611 February 199782 days
(8) Parkash Singh Badal 2014.jpg Parkash Singh Badal
(1927-2023)
(Lambi)
12 February 199726 February 20025 years, 14 days Shiromani Akali Dal
(BJP)
1997 Eleventh
15 Capt. Amarinder Singh.png Amarinder Singh
(b. 1942)
(Patiala Urban)
26 February 20021 March 20075 years, 3 days Indian National Congress 2002 Twelfth J F R Jacob
(8) Parkash Singh Badal 2014.jpg Parkash Singh Badal
(1927-2023)
(Lambi)
1 March 200714 March 201210 years, 15 days Shiromani Akali Dal
(BJP)
2007 Thirteen S F Rodrigues
14 March 201216 March 2017 2012 Fourteenth Shivraj Patil
(15) Amarinder Singh.jpg Amarinder Singh
(b. 1942)
(Patiala Urban)
16 March 201720 September 2021 [R] 4 years, 188 days Indian National Congress 2017 Fifteenth V P S Badnore
16 Channi.jpg Charanjit Singh Channi
(b. 1963)
(Chamkaur Sahib)
20 September 202116 March 2022177 days Banwarilal Purohit
17 Bhagwant Mann.png Bhagwant Mann
(b. 1973)
(Dhuri)
16 March 2022Incumbent2 years, 352 days Aam Aadmi Party 2022 Sixteenth

Statistics

List of chief minister by their tenure

#Chief MinisterTotal termsPartyTerm of office
Longest continuous termTotal duration of chief ministership
1 Parkash Singh Badal 5 SAD 10 years, 15 days18 years, 350 days
2 Amarinder Singh 2 INC 5 years, 3 days9 years, 191 days
3 Partap Singh Kairon 3 INC 8 years, 150 days8 years, 150 days
4 Zail Singh 1 INC 5 years, 44 days5 years, 44 days
5 Bhim Sen Sachar 3 INC 3 years, 281 days4 years, 104 days
6 Beant Singh 1 INC 3 years, 187 days3 years, 187 days
7 Gopi Chand Bhargava 3 INC 1 year, 241 days3 years, 136 days
8 Darbara Singh 1 INC 3 years, 122 days3 years, 122 days
9 Bhagwant Mann *1* AAP*2 years, 352 days*2 years, 352 days*
10 Ram Kishan 1 INC 1 year, 363 days1 year, 363 days
11 Gurnam Singh 2 SAD/ADSFG 1 years, 38 days1 year, 300 days
12 Surjit Singh Barnala 1 SAD 1 year, 255 days1 year, 255 days
13 Harcharan Singh Brar 1 INC 1 year, 82 days1 year, 82 days
14 Lachhman Singh Gill 1 PJP 272 days272 days
15 Charanjit Singh Channi 1 INC 177 days177 days
16 Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir 1 INC 127 days127 days
17 Rajinder Kaur Bhattal 1 INC 82 days82 days
- President rule 8-4 years, 259 days9 years, 223 days

Timeline


Bhagwant MannCharanjit Singh ChanniAmarinder SinghRajinder Kaur BhattalHarcharan Singh BrarBeant Singh (politician)Surjit Singh BarnalaDarbara SinghZail SinghParkash Singh BadalLachhman Singh GillGurnam SinghGiani Gurmukh Singh MusafirRam KishanPratap Singh KaironPresident's ruleBhim Sen SacharGopi Chand BhargavaList of chief ministers of Punjab, India

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 President's rule may be imposed when the "government in a state is not able to function as per the Constitution", which often happens because no party or coalition has a majority in the assembly. When President's rule is in force in a state, its council of ministers stands dissolved. The office of chief minister thus lies vacant, and the administration is taken over by the governor, who functions on behalf of the central government. At times, the legislative assembly also stands dissolved. [5]
  2. Bhargava resigned from the post of chief minister on 6 April 1949 but hold the office until Sachar succeeded him on 13 April.
  3. Sachar resigned from the post of Chief Minister due to the differences with cabinet minister Sri Ram Sharma, but on same day re-sworn as Chief Minister.
  4. Bhargava was also the only caretaker Chief Minister who served for a few days due to the resignation of Partap Singh Kairon.

References

  1. 1 2 Durga Das Basu. Introduction to the Constitution of India. 1960. 20th Edition, 2011 Reprint. pp. 241, 245. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. ISBN   978-81-8038-559-9. Note: although the text talks about Indian state governments in general, it applies for the specific case of Punjab as well.
  2. Bhagwant Mann. Pay Check. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  3. "Chief Minister, Punjab Office" . Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  4. World statesman - British India
  5. Amberish K. Diwanji. "A dummy's guide to President's rule". Rediff.com. 15 March 2005.