Shiromani Akali Dal

Last updated

Shiromani Akali Dal
President Balwinder Singh Bhunder
Lok Sabha  Leader Harsimrat Kaur Badal
Founded14 December 1920(103 years ago) (1920-12-14)
HeadquartersBlock #6, Madhya Marg
Sector 28, Chandigarh
NewspaperAkali Awaaz
Student wing Student Organisation of India [1]
Youth wing Youth Akali Dal
Women's wing Istri Akali Dal [2]
Labour wingShiromani Akali Dal SC wing [3]
Peasant's wingShiromani Akali Dal BC wing [4]
Ideology Conservatism [5] [6]
Punjabiyat [7] [8] [9] [10]
Punjabi nationalism [11] [12]
Federalism [13] [14]
Political position Centre-right [15] [16] to right-wing [17]
Colours  Navy Blue & Saffron
ECI StatusState Party [18]
AllianceSAD+BSP (2021-2023)
SAD+INLD (2021-Present) National Democratic Alliance (1998–2020)
Seats in  Lok Sabha
1 / 543
Seats in  Rajya Sabha
0 / 245
Seats in  Punjab Legislative Assembly
2 / 117
Election symbol
Shiromani Akali Dal symbol.svg
Website
www.shiromaniakalidal.com

The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) (translation: Supreme Eternal Party [19] ) is a centre-right Sikh-centric state political party in Punjab, India. The party is the second-oldest in India, after Congress, being founded in 1920. [20] [21] [22] Although there are many parties with the description Akali Dal, the party that is recognized as "Shiromani Akali Dal" by the Election Commission of India is the one led by Sukhbir Singh Badal. The party has a moderate Punjabi agenda. [23] On 26 September 2020, it left the National Democratic Alliance over the farm bills. [24]

Contents

History

British India

Akali Dal was formed on 14 December 1920 as a task force of the Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee, the Sikh religious body. The Akali Dal considers itself the principal representative of Sikhs. Sardar Sarmukh Singh Chubbal was the first president of a unified proper Akali Dal, but it became popular under Master Tara Singh. [25] Akali movement influenced 30 new Punjabi newspapers launched between 1920 and 1925. [26]

In the provincial election of 1937, the Akali Dal won 10 seats. The Khalsa Nationalists won 11 seats and joined the coalition government headed by the Unionist leader Sikander Hyat Khan. The Akalis sat in opposition and made occasional forays into reaching an understanding with the Muslim League, which never reached fruition. [27]

In the provincial election of 1946, the Akali Dal won 22 seats and joined the coalition government headed by the Unionist Khizar Hayat Khan Tiwana, along with the Indian National Congress. The Muslim League was unable to capture power, despite having won the largest number of seats, which perhaps suited it fine as it strengthened its Pakistan demand. The Muslim League launched a civil disobedience campaign, bringing down the Tiwana government by March 1947. The rest of the period till Indian independence was filled by Governor's Rule. [28]

As with other Sikh organisations, Master Tara Singh and his Akali Dal strongly opposed the partition of India, which he thought would create an environment of possible persecution. [29]

Post Independence India

In the 1950s, the party launched the Punjabi Suba movement, demanding a state with majority of Punjabi speaking people, out of undivided East Punjab under the leadership of Sant Fateh Singh. [30] In 1966, the present Punjab was formed. Akali Dal came to power in the new Punjab in March 1967, [31] but early governments didn't live long due to internal conflicts and power struggles within the party. Later, party strengthened and party governments completed full term.

Modern Factions

Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa along with other Akali leaders came together at a Gurdwara in Ludhiana on 7 July 2020 to re-establish SAD (D). Dhindsa was chosen as president of the revived political party. He claimed SAD (D) as the true Shiromani Akali Dal and that the one so called was taken over by the Badal family. [32]

Prior to this in late 2018, expelled senior members of Shiromani Akali Dal Ranjit Singh Brahmpura, Rattan Singh Ajnala, Sewa Singh Sekhwan, their relatives and others had formed SAD (T). [33] The reasoning of the expelling was due to their accusations of the Badal family steering Shiromani Akali Dal in the wrong path.

Ahead of the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, both SAD (T) and SAD (D) were dissolved to be merged together into a new political party by the name of Shiromani Akali Dal (Sanyukt). This party entered into the National Democratic Alliance to contest the Punjab elections alongside the candidates of Bharatiya Janata Party.[ citation needed ]

Ideology

Shiromani Akali Dal's main goals are the protection of Sikh rights, Punjab's waters, and opposition to the Sutlej Yamuna link canal. [34]

1996 Moga Conference

In 1996, at a historic conference in Moga, Shiromani Akali Dal adopted a moderate Punjabi agenda and shifted party headquarters from Amritsar to Chandigarh. [35]

Party Presidents

Following is the list of presidents of the party as given on the party website.

S. No.NamePortraitTerm StartTerm EndDuration
1Sarmukh Singh Jhabal--17 February 196927 March 19701 year, 1 month, 10 days
405 days
2 Kharak Singh Baba Kharak Singh 1988 stamp of India.jpg ------
3 Master Tara Singh Master Tara Singh.png ------
4 Gopal Singh Qaumi Jathedar Gopal Singh Qaumi.jpg ------
5Tara Singh Thethar------
6 Teja Singh Akarpuri Jathedar Teja Singh Akarpuri.jpg ------
7 Babu Labh Singh ------
8 Udham Singh Nagoke Udham Singh Nagoke.jpg ------
9Giani Kartar Singh------
10Pritam Singh Gojran (Gujjran Sangrur)------
11 Hukam Singh ------
12 Fateh Singh ------
13Achar Singh------
14Bhupinder Singh------
15 Mohan Singh Tur Mohan Singh Tur Official portrait 1977.gif ------
16 Jagdev Singh Talwandi Jagdev Singh Talwandi.jpg ------
17 Harchand Singh Longowal Harchand Singh Longowal 1987 stamp of India.jpg --20 August 1985--
18 Surjit Singh Barnala H E Shri Surjit Singh Barnala.jpg 27 September 1985199611 years, 9 months, 15 days
4,291 days
19 Parkash Singh Badal PRAKASH SINGH BADAL.JPG 1996200812 years
4,383 days
20 Sukhbir Singh Badal Sukhbir Singh Badal.JPG 2008202416 years, 2 months
5,927 days
21 Balwinder Singh Bhunder 2024Present

Current Members in Houses

HouseCurrent MembersLeader
Union Parliament
Lok Sabha 1 Harsimrat Kaur Badal
State Legislature
Punjab Legislative Assembly 3 / 117 Manpreet Singh Ayali

List of Union Leaders

No.PortraitNameTerm in officeDurationPortfolioPrime Minister
1 Parkash Singh Badal 2014.jpg Parkash Singh Badal 26 March 197727 March 19771 day Minister of Communications Morarji Desai
28 March 197717 June 197781 days Minister of Agriculture and Irrigation
2 Surjit Singh Barnala, 2008.png Surjit Singh Barnala 18 June 197728 July 19792 years, 40 days
19 March 199813 October 19991 year, 208 days Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Minister of Food and Consumer Affairs
3 Sukhbir Singh Badal.JPG Sukhbir Singh Badal 20 March 199813 October 19991 year, 207 days Minister of State in the Ministry of Industry
4 Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa.jpg Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa 22 November 199926 November 19994 days Minister of Works and Estates
(Merged with Ministry of Urban Development)
7 November 200022 May 20043 years, 197 days Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers
27 May 20007 November 2000164 days Minister of Mines
2 February 20007 November 2000279 days Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports
5 Harsimrat Kaur Badal.jpg Harsimrat Kaur Badal 27 May 201430 May 20195 years, 3 days Minister of Food Processing Industries Narendra Modi
31 May 201918 September 20201 year, 110 days

Punjab Chief Ministers Belonging to Akali Dal

Sr. No.PortraitChief MinisterConstituencyIn OfficeDuration
FromTo
1 Gurnam Singh
(1899-1973)		 Qila Raipur 17 February 196927 March 19701 year, 38 days
2 Surjit Singh Barnala, 2008.png Surjit Singh Barnala
(1925-2017)		 Barnala 29 September 198511 June 19871 year, 255 days
3 Parkash Singh Badal 2014.jpg Parkash Singh Badal
(1927-2023)		 Gidderbaha 27 March 197014 June 19711 year, 79 days
20 June 197717 February 19802 years, 242 days
Lambi 12 February 199726 February 20025 years, 14 days
1 March 200716 March 201710 years, 15 days

List of Deputy Chief Ministers

Sr. No.Name
(constituency)
(birth-death)		PortraitTerm of officeChief MinisterAppointed by
1 Sukhbir Singh Badal
( - )
(b.1962)		 Sukhbir Singh Badal.png 21 January 20091 July 2009161 days Prakash Singh Badal S. F. Rodrigues
2 Sukhbir Singh Badal
(Jalalabad)
(b.1962)		10 August 200914 March 20122 years, 217 days
14 March 201216 March 20175 years, 2 days Shivraj Patil

General Elections

General Elections Results
YearGeneral ElectionSeats WonChange in # of SeatsPercentage of VoteVote Swing
19456th Central Legislative Assembly2Steady2.svg——
19511st Lok Sabha4Increase2.svg 20.99%—
19572nd Lok Sabha0Decrease2.svg 4——
19623rd Lok Sabha3Increase2.svg 30.72%—
19674th Lok Sabha3Steady2.svg——
19715th Lok Sabha1Decrease2.svg 20.87%—
19776th Lok Sabha9Increase2.svg 81.26%—
19807th Lok Sabha1Decrease2.svg 80.71%—
19848th Lok Sabha7Increase2.svg 617.9%—
19899th Lok Sabha0Decrease2.svg 7——
199110th Lok Sabha0Steady2.svg——
199611th Lok Sabha8Increase2.svg 80.76%—
199812th Lok Sabha8Steady2.svg0.81%—
199913th Lok Sabha2Decrease2.svg 625.58%—
200414th Lok Sabha8Increase2.svg 634.28%—
200915th Lok Sabha4Decrease2.svg 40.96%—
201416th Lok Sabha4Steady2.svg20.30%Decrease2.svg 13.55%
201917th Lok Sabha2Decrease2.svg 227.45%Increase2.svg 13.9%
202418th Lok Sabha1Decrease2.svg 113.42%Decrease2.svg 14.03%

In state elections

Punjab Provincial Assembly Elections

Legislative Assembly elections
Election YearLeaderseats contestedseats won+/- in seatsOverall votes % of overall votes+/- in vote shareSitting side
1937 Master Tara Singh 81
11 / 175
Steady2.svg1,788,8565.58Steady2.svgOthers
1946 Master Tara Singh 81
20 / 175
Increase2.svg 93,550,21210.94Increase2.svg 5.36Others

Punjab Legislative Assembly Elections

Legislative Assembly elections
Election YearLeaderseats contestedseats won+/- in seatsOverall votes % of overall votes+/- in vote shareSitting side
1952 Gopal Singh Khalsa 48
13 / 126
Increase2.svg 13620,45512.44Increase2.svg 12.44Opposition
1957 Contested with Congress and 28 Akali leaders won. [36]
1962 Gurnam Singh 46
16 / 154
Increase2.svg 16799,92511.87Increase2.svg 11.87Opposition
1967 Sant Fateh Singh (SFSG)59
24 / 104
Increase2.svg 24871,74220.48Increase2.svg 20.48Opposition
Master Tara Singh (MTSG)61
2 / 104
Increase2.svg 2178,7464.20Increase2.svg 4.20
1969 Gurnam Singh 65
43 / 104
Increase2.svg 431,381,91629.36Increase2.svg 29.36Government
1972 Jaswinder Singh Brar 72
24 / 104
Decrease2.svg 191,344,43727.64Decrease2.svg 1.72Opposition
1977 Parkash Singh Badal 70
58 / 117
Increase2.svg 341,776,60231.41Increase2.svg 3.8Government
1980 Harchand Singh Longowal 73
37 / 117
Decrease2.svg 211,683,26626.92Decrease2.svg 4.49Opposition
1985 Surjit Singh Barnala 100
73 / 117
Increase2.svg 232,630,27038.01Increase2.svg 11.09Government
1992 Boycotted the elections [37] [38] [39]
1997 Parkash Singh Badal 92
75 / 117
Increase2.svg 753,873,09937.64Increase2.svg 37.64Government
2002
41 / 117
Decrease2.svg 343,196,92431.08Decrease2.svg 6.56Opposition
2007 93
48 / 117
Increase2.svg 74,689,01837.09Increase2.svg 6.01Government
2012 94
56 / 117
Increase2.svg 84,828,61234.73Decrease2.svg 2.36Government
2017
15 / 117
Decrease2.svg 413,898,16125.2Decrease2.svg 9.4Others
2022 Sukhbir Singh Badal 97
3 / 117
Decrease2.svg 122,861,28618.38Decrease2.svg 6.86Others

Haryana Legislative Assembly Elections

Legislative Assembly elections
Election YearLeaderseats contestedseats won+/- in seatsOverall votes % of overall votes+/- in vote shareSitting side
2009 Charanjeet Kaur Mallour2
1 / 90
Steady2.svg9,490,0920.98Steady2.svgOpposition
2014 Balkaur Singh 5
1 / 90
Steady2.svg12,426,9680.6Decrease2.svg 0.38Others
2019 Rajinder Singh Desujodha3
0 / 90
Decrease2.svg 112,520,1770.38Decrease2.svg 0.22Others

Delhi Legislative Assembly Elections

Legislative Assembly elections
Election YearLeaderseats contestedseats won+/- in seatsOverall votes % of overall votes+/- in vote shareSitting side
2013 Manjinder Singh Sirsa 4
1 / 70
Steady2.svg7,699,8001Steady2.svgGovernment
2015 Manjinder Singh Sirsa 1
0 / 90
Decrease2.svg 18,978,2690.5Decrease2.svg 0.5Opposition

See also

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References

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  2. ↑ Pioneer, The. "Istri Akali Dal protests in front of CM residence". The Pioneer. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  3. ↑ "SAD's SC wing feels 'powerless' in Pathankot". The Indian Express. 21 May 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  4. ↑ Jerath, Arati R (14 January 2017). "SAD activists seek BC candidate". The Tribune. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  5. ↑ Grover, Verinder (1996). Encyclopaedia of India and Her States: Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Punjab, Volume 4. Deep & Deep. p. 578.
  6. ↑ "Akali Dal Slams Amritpal Singh Crackdown, Offers Help To Those Arrested". NDTV. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  7. ↑ Narang, Amarjit Singh (1 March 2014). "The Shiromani Akali Dal". The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199699308.013.020. ISBN   978-0-19-969930-8.
  8. ↑ Kumar, Ashutosh (2004). "Electoral Politics in Punjab: Study of Akali Dal". Economic and Political Weekly. 39 (14/15): 1515–1520. ISSN   0012-9976. JSTOR   4414869.
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  10. ↑ I P Singh (28 July 2014). ""Panth in danger" – Badal's politics shifts back from Chandigarh to Amritsar". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  11. ↑ "SAD aims to widen reach, to contest UP poll". The Tribune. Chandigarh. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  12. ↑ Pandher, Sarabjit (3 September 2013). "In post-Independence India, the SAD launched the Punjabi Suba morcha in the 1960s, seeking the re-organisation of Punjab on linguistic basis". The Hindu. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  13. ↑ "Parkash Singh Badal calls for 'genuinely federal structure' for country". The Economic Times. 7 December 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  14. ↑ Bharti, Vishav (6 August 2019). "Article 370: SAD 'dumps' its core ideology of federalism". The Tribune. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  15. ↑ Roy, Meenu (1996). India Votes, Elections 1996: A Critical Analysis. Deep & Deep Publications. ISBN   978-81-7100-900-8.
  16. ↑ Chum, B. K. (1 December 2013). Behind Closed Doors: Politics of Punjab, Haryana and the Emergency. Hay House, Inc. ISBN   978-93-81398-62-3.
  17. ↑ Singh, Mahendra Prasad (1981). Split in a Predominant Party: The Indian National Congress in 1969. Abhinav publications. p. 69. ISBN   9788170171409 . Retrieved 18 July 2024. The Bharatiya Kranti Dal(BKD) and the Akali Dal, two other right-wing parties...
  18. ↑ "List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013" (PDF). India: Election Commission of India. 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
  19. ↑ Pletcher, Kenneth. "Akali". Britannica.com. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
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  21. ↑ "Glorious past, but Shiromani Akali Dal faces serious crisis of identity, popularity & credibility". The Times of India. 14 December 2020. ISSN   0971-8257 . Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  22. ↑ D'Souza, Shanthie Mariet (9 April 2014). "Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD)". Britannica. Retrieved 14 July 2023. The precursor to the present-day SAD was an organization established in December 1920 to help guide the quasi-militant Akali movement of the early 1920s, in which Sikhs demanded and (through the Sikh Gurdwara Act of 1925) won from the ruling British authorities in India control over the gurdwaras (Sikh houses of worship). The present-day SAD, which has claimed to be the oldest regional political party in India, has also controlled Sikh religious institutions such as the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (SGPC) and, more recently, the Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee.
  23. ↑ VINAYAK, RAMESH (31 March 1996). "Akali Dal led by Parkash Singh Badal break from the past to forge a moderate agenda". India Today. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  24. ↑ "Punjab's Akali Dal Quits BJP-Led Alliance Over Controversial Farm Bills". NDTV.com. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  25. ↑ "Punjab Ke Dangal Mein Kiska Mangal?". NewsClick. 23 January 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  26. ↑ Bharti, Vishav. "How it became Punjabi journalism's finest hour". The Tribune. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  27. ↑ Jalal, The Sole Spokesman 1994, p. 23, 97.
  28. ↑ Talbot, Pakistan: A Modern History 1998, p. 74.
  29. ↑ Kudaisya, Gyanesh; Yong, Tan Tai (2004). The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia. Routledge. p. 100. ISBN   978-1-134-44048-1. No sooner was it made public than the Sikhs launched a virulent campaign against the Lahore Resolution. Pakistan was portrayed as a possible return to an unhappy past when Sikhs were persecuted and Muslims the persecutor. Public speeches by various Sikh political leaders on the subject of Pakistan invariably raised images of atrocities committed by Muslims on Sikhs and of the martyrdom of their gurus and heroes. Reactions to the Lahore Resolution were uniformly negative and Sikh leaders of all political persuasions made it clear that Pakistan would be 'wholeheartedly resisted'. The Shiromani Akali Dal, the party with a substantial following amongst the rural Sikhs, organized several well-attended conferences in Lahore to condemn the Muslim League. Master Tara Singh, leader of the Akali Dal, declared that his party would fight Pakistan 'tooth and nail'. Not be outdone, other Sikh political organizations, rival to the Akali Dal, namely the Central Khalsa Young Men Union and the moderate and loyalist Chief Khalsa Dewan, declared in equally strong language their unequivocal opposition to the Pakistan scheme.
  30. ↑ Service, Tribune News. "Shiromani Akali Dal, since 1920". The Tribune. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  31. ↑ Singh, I. P. (22 December 2019). "Being Badals". The Times of India. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  32. ↑ "Akali Dal split official — Dhindsas move election-commission for registration of SAD (D)". Financial Express. 22 September 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  33. ↑ "Expelled Akali leaders launch SAD (T)". Tribune India. 17 December 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  34. ↑ Bariana, Sanjeev Singh. "'We've sacrificed a lot in the long journey of making party relevant in Indian polity'". The Tribune. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  35. ↑ ""Panth in danger" – Badal's politics shifts back from Chandigarh to Amritsar". Times of India Blog. 28 July 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  36. ↑ Electoral politics in Punjab. (Pdf) P. 38. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
  37. ↑ "Sikhs to boycott Punjab elections - UPI Archives". UPI. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  38. ↑ Hazarika, Sanjoy (19 February 1992). "Sikh Militants in Punjab Impose Boycotts on Work and on Voting". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  39. ↑ Fineman, Mark (20 February 1992). "Few Defy Sikhs to Vote in Punjab : India: The 25% turnout clouds New Delhi's hopes of ending the anarchy and restoring the elected government". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 20 April 2024.

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