Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

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Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
Jharkhand Liberation Front
AbbreviationJMM
President Shibu Soren
Chairman Hemant Soren
Secretary Supriya Bhattacharya
Lok Sabha  Leader Vijay Kumar Hansda
Rajya Sabha  Leader Shibu Soren
Founder Binod Bihari Mahato, Shibu Soren, A. K. Roy
Founded15 November 1972;52 years ago (1972-11-15)
HeadquartersBariatu Road, Ranchi, Jharkhand – 834008
Student wing Jharkhand Chhatra Morcha
Youth wing Jharkhand Yuva Morcha
Women's wing Jharkhand Mahila Morcha
Ideology Socialism [1]
Regionalism [2]
Indigenous rights [3]
Left-wing populism [4]
Political position Left-wing [5]
Colours  Green
ECI StatusState Party [6]
Alliance I.N.D.I.A. (2023–present)
Mahagathbandhan (2019–present)
UPA (2004–2023) [7]
Seats in  Lok Sabha
3 / 543
Seats in  Rajya Sabha
3 / 245
Seats in  Jharkhand Legislative Assembly
34 / 81
Number of states and union territories in government
1 / 31
Election symbol
Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.svg
Party flag
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha flag.svg

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (lit. Jharkhand Liberation Front; abbr.JMM) is a political party in the Indian state of Jharkhand which was founded by Binod Bihari Mahato. [8] Shibu Soren is the president of the JMM. JMM is also an influential political party in the state of Odisha and parts of neighbouring of states. Its election symbol for Jharkhand is Bow and Arrow. [9]

Contents

The party was officially created on the birthday of Birsa Munda, the 19th century tribal warrior of Jharkhand, who fought against the British rule in present-day Jharkhand. [10] The State of Jharkhand also came into existence on Birsa Munda's birthday in 2000. [11]

Formation

For almost six decades the movement to separate Jharkhand from Bihar had been attempting to gain a foothold. The Jharkhand Party gained political strength but commissions examining the demands for a separate Jharkhand State consistently rejected its demands. Before 1962, the Jharkhand Party held between 23 and 32 seats in the Bihar Legislative Assembly. In 1962, it won 20 seats. Jaipal Singh Munda merged the Jharkhand Party with the Indian National Congress in 1963 and became a minister in Vinodanand Jha's government in Bihar. But other members did not join the Congress. [12]

In the 1967 general election, the party had a very poor showing with only eight Assembly seats. The party soon split into several splinter parties each claiming to be the real Jharkhand Party. [13] These included the Jharkhand Party led by N. E. Horo, the Jharkhand Party led by Naren, and the All India Jharkhand Party led by Bagun Sumroi. There was also the Hul Jharkhand Party led by Justin Richard, which further fragmented and became the Bihar Progressive Hul Jharkhand Party led by Shibu Soren.

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha was founded by Soren, Binod Bihari Mahato and Marxist Co-ordination Committee leader A. K. Roy. The party was officially created on the birthday of Birsa Munda, a 19th-century tribal warrior from Jharkhand, who fought against British rule in the region. [14]

On 4 February 1973, Mahato became president of the party and Soren became its general secretary. Prominent party leaders at that time included Roy, Nirmal Mahto and Tek Lal Mahto, among others.

Early years

In its early years, the JMM under Soren's leadership brought industrial and mining workers who were mainly non-tribals belonging to the Dalit and backward communities such as Surdis, Doms, Dusadh, Kurmi, Koiri, Gowala, and Teli into its fold. However Soren's association with the late politician Gyanranjan brought him close to the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. He won the Dumka Lok Sabha seat in 1972. Irked by Soren's association with the Indian National Congress, a few younger members of the JMM banded together in Jamshedpur and set up the All Jharkhand Students Union (AJSU). This did not affect the growth of the JMM in the 1991 Indian general election, where the party won six seats.

Ram Dayal Munda reignited the movement for Jharkhand by unifying splinter groups among the tribals. Under his guidance the Jharkhand Coordination Committee was constituted in June 1987, comprising 48 organisations and group including the JMM factions. Due to Munda, Shibu Soren, Suraj Mandal, Simon Marandi, Shailendra Mahato, and AJSU leaders like Surya Singh Besra and Prabhakar Tirkey briefly shared a political platform, but the JMM pulled out of JCC as it felt that "the collective leadership was a farce". In 1988 and 1989, the JMM, AJSU and JPP successfully orchestrated so-called bandhs, economic blockades.

Jharkhand Yuva Morcha

Jharkhand Yuva Morcha (Jharkhand Youth Front) and Jharkhand Chhatra Morcha (Jharkhand Student Front), the youth and student wings of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, were constituted at a conference in Ranchi 16 October 1991.

Electoral Performance

General election results

Election YearLok SabhaSeats contestedSeats won+/- seatsOverall VotesPercentage of votes
1984 8th Lok Sabha 100Steady2.svg332,4030.14
1984 8th Lok Sabha 100Steady2.svg332,4030.14
1984 8th Lok Sabha 100Steady2.svg332,4030.14
1989 9th Lok Sabha 123Increase2.svg31,032,2760.34
1991 10th Lok Sabha 146Increase2.svg31,481,9000.54
1996 11th Lok Sabha 291Decrease2.svg51,287,0720.38
1998 12th Lok Sabha 160Decrease2.svg11,324,5480.36
1999 13th Lok Sabha 230Steady2.svg974,6090.27
2004 14th Lok Sabha 95Increase2.svg51,846,8430.47
2009 15th Lok Sabha 422Decrease2.svg31,665,1730.40
2014 16th Lok Sabha 212Steady2.svg1,637,9940.30
2019 17th Lok Sabha 131Decrease2.svg11,901,9760.31
2024 18th Lok Sabha 63Increase2.svg22,652,9550.41

Legislative Assembly election results

Election YearSeats contestedSeats won+/- seatsOverall VotesPercentage of votes
2005 4917Increase2.svg 51,447,77414.29
2009 7818Increase2.svg 11,562,06015.20
2014 7919Increase2.svg 12,832,92120.43
2019 4330Increase2.svg 112,817,44218.72
2024 4334Increase2.svg 44,183,28123.44

List of chief ministers

No.Chief MinisterPortraitTerm in OfficeAssembly
(election)		Constituency
StartEndTenure
1 Shibu Soren Shibu Soren.jpg 2 March 200512 March 2005308 days 2nd Assembly
(2005 election)		did not contest
27 August 200819 January 2009
30 December 20091 June 2010 3rd Assembly
(2009 election)		 Jamtara
3 Champai Soren Champai Soren.jpg 2 February 20243 July 2024153 days 5th Assembly
(2019 election)		 Seraikella
2 Hemant Soren Hemant Soren 2024.jpg 13 July 201328 December 20146 years 3rd Assembly
(2009 election)		 Dumka
29 December 20192 February 2024 5th Assembly
(2019 election)		 Barhait
4 July 202428 November 2024
28 November 2024Incumbent 6th Assembly
(2024 election)

List of Union Ministers

No.PortraitMinisterPortfolioTerm in OfficeConstituency
(House)		Prime Minister
Assumed OfficeLeft OfficeTime in Office
1 Shibu Soren.jpg Shibu Soren
(born 1944)		 Minister of Coal 23 May 200424 July 200462 days Dumka
(Lok Sabha)		 Manmohan Singh
27 November 20042 March 200595 days
29 January 200629 November 2006304 days
Minister of Mines and Minerals 23 May 200424 July 200462 days

List of deputy chief ministers

No.Deputy Chief Minister
(Constituency)		PortraitTerm in OfficeAssembly
(election)		Chief Minister
StartEndTenure
1 Sudhir Mahato

(Silli)

14 September 200623 August 20081 year, 344 days 2nd Assembly
(2005 election)		 Madhu Koda
2 Hemant Soren
(Dumka)		 Chief Minister of Jharkhand Shri Hemant Soren.jpg 11 September 201018 January 20132 years, 129 days 3rd Assembly
(2009 election)		 Arjun Munda

List of leaders of opposition

No.Leader of Opposition
(Constituency)		PortraitTerm in OfficeAssembly
(election)
StartEndTenure
1 Stephen Marandi
(Dumka)		24 November 200010 July 20043 years, 229 days 1st Assembly
(2000 election)
2 Haji Hussain Ansari
(Madhupur)		2 August 20041 March 2005211 days
3 Sudhir Mahato
(Silli)		16 March 200518 September 20061 year, 186 days 2nd Assembly
(2005 election)
4 Hemant Soren
(Barhait)		 Chief Minister of Jharkhand Shri Hemant Soren.jpg 7 January 201528 December 20194 years, 355 days 4th Assembly
(2014 election)

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. ↑ Ghosh, Arunabha (1993). "Ideology and Politics of Jharkhand Movement: An Overview". Economic and Political Weekly. 28 (35): 1788–1790. JSTOR   4400070.
  2. ↑ Ghosh, Arunabha (1993). "Ideology and Politics of Jharkhand Movement: An Overview". Economic and Political Weekly. 28 (35): 1788–1790. JSTOR   4400070.
  3. ↑ "Soren writes to Assam chief minister Sarma, seeks ST status for tea tribes".
  4. ↑ Minj, Nolina (26 May 2024). "How Kalpana Soren filled a political void in Jharkhand – with ease". Scroll.in. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  5. ↑ Ghosh, Arunabha (1993). "Ideology and Politics of Jharkhand Movement: An Overview". Economic and Political Weekly. 28 (35): 1788–1790. JSTOR   4400070.
  6. ↑ "List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013" (PDF). India: Election Commission of India. 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
  7. ↑ "Congress, JMM seal pre-poll pact in Jharkhand | Ranchi News - Times of India". The Times of India . 6 March 2018.
  8. ↑ "Saffron Munda loves everything green - BJP cries neglect as chief minister warms up to old JMM associates". www.telegraphindia.com.
  9. ↑ Pradeep Kaushal (28 September 2015). "Shiv Sena finds Jharkhand Mukti Morcha has first right to symbol". indianexpress.com. New Delhi: The Indian Express. Retrieved 28 April 2020. Shivsena's bow-and-arrow symbol is the same as that of the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha.
  10. ↑ P. 522 Lok Sabha debates by India. Parliament. House of the People, India. Parliament. Lok Sabha
  11. ↑ P. 200 Basic Facts of General Knowledge By Sura College of Competition, V.V.K.Subburaj
  12. ↑ Kumāra, Braja Bihārī (1998). Small States Syndrome in India. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN   9788170226918.
  13. ↑ "Separate state yet to fulfil aspirations of tribals". The Times of India. 5 August 2013. ISSN   0971-8257 . Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  14. ↑ P. 522 Lok Sabha debates by India. Parliament. House of the People, India. Parliament. Lok Sabha
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