1998 Indian general election

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1998 Indian general election
Flag of India.svg
  1996 16, 22 and 28 February 1998 1999  

543 of the 545 seats in the Lok Sabha [a]
272 seats needed for a majority
Registered605,880,192
Turnout61.97% (Increase2.svg 4.03pp)
 First partySecond partyThird party
 
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg
Sonia Gandhi (cropped).jpg
Surjith-6.JPG
Leader Atal Bihari Vajpayee Sonia Gandhi Harkishan Singh Surjeet
Party BJP INC CPI(M)
Alliance NDA INC+ LF
Last election20.29%, 161 seats28.80%, 140 seats6.12%, 32 seats
Seats won18214132
Seat changeDecrease2.svg 29Increase2.svg 1Steady2.svg
Popular vote94,266,18895,111,13118,991,867
Percentage25.59%25.82%5.16%
SwingIncrease2.svg 5.30pp Decrease2.svg 2.98pp Decrease2.svg 0.96pp

Wahlergebnisse Indien 1998.svg
Results by constituency

Prime Minister before election

Inder Kumar Gujral
JD

Prime Minister after election

Atal Bihari Vajpayee
BJP

General elections were held in India on 16, 22 and 28 February 1998 to elect the members of the twelfth Lok Sabha. The elections were held three years ahead of schedule after the government led by Inder Kumar Gujral collapsed when the Indian National Congress (INC) withdrew its support in November 1997. [1]

Contents

The result was another hung parliament, with no party or alliance able to muster a majority. However, Atal Bihari Vajpayee of the Bharatiya Janata Party was able to form a coalition government led by the National Democratic Alliance with the outside support of the Telugu Desam Party. He was sworn in as Prime Minister with support from 272 of 543 MPs. However, his government collapsed on 17 April 1999 when the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam withdrew its support, after Vajpayee refused to meet the demands of its leader J. Jayalalithaa, namely halting the corruption cases against her and the sacking of the Tamil Nadu government led by her bete-noire M. Karunanidhi. [2] This led to fresh elections in 1999. [3]

The 1998 general election was the second consecutive election in which the party that received the most votes did not win the most seats.

Results

Lok Sabha Zusammensetzung 1998.svg
PartyVotes%Seats
Indian National Congress 95,111,13125.82141
Bharatiya Janata Party 94,266,18825.59182
Communist Party of India (Marxist) 18,991,8675.1632
Samajwadi Party 18,167,6404.9320
Bahujan Samaj Party 17,186,7794.675
Janata Dal 11,930,2093.246
Rashtriya Janata Dal 10,229,9712.7817
Telugu Desam Party 10,199,4632.7712
West Bengal Trinamool Congress 8,920,5832.427
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 6,731,5501.8318
Shiv Sena 6,528,5661.776
Samata Party 6,491,6391.7612
Communist Party of India 6,429,5691.759
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 5,308,3881.446
Tamil Maanila Congress 5,169,1831.403
Biju Janata Dal 3,669,8251.009
Shiromani Akali Dal 3,001,7690.818
Lok Shakti 2,548,7250.693
All India Rashtriya Janata Party 2,071,6430.561
Revolutionary Socialist Party 2,032,5850.555
Haryana Lok Dal (Rashtriya) 1,956,0870.534
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 1,602,5040.443
Pattali Makkal Katchi 1,548,9760.424
Republican Party of India 1,351,0190.374
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 1,324,5480.360
All India Forward Bloc 1,213,9650.332
Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) 1,181,0830.321
Asom Gana Parishad 1,064,9770.290
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation 912,6980.250
Haryana Vikas Party 875,8030.241
Muslim League Kerala State Committee 800,7650.222
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 784,6690.213
Bharatiya Kisan Kamgar Party711,0800.190
Apna Dal 562,9460.150
All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen 485,7850.131
All India Indira Congress (Secular) 457,5100.121
Puthiya Tamilagam 446,5830.120
Janata Party 444,3050.121
NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi) 384,2110.100
Karnataka Vikas Party 371,3460.100
United Minorities Front, Assam 357,7590.101
Kerala Congress (M) 356,1680.101
Kerala Congress 327,6490.090
MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 278,3240.080
Forward Bloc (Socialist) 272,9740.070
Peasants and Workers Party of India 269,6090.071
Marxist Co-ordination Committee 263,9010.070
Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann) 248,5290.070
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (Mardi)240,8970.070
Bihar Jana Congress222,3710.060
United Democratic Party 213,9240.060
Gondwana Ganatantra Party 196,6620.050
Manipur State Congress Party 190,3580.051
Autonomous State Demand Committee 184,2410.051
Jharkhand Party (Naren)181,0180.050
Arunachal Congress 172,4960.052
Ajeya Bharat Party 157,8540.040
United Reservation Movement Council of Assam151,5430.040
National Loktantrik Party 147,7060.040
United Goans Democratic Party 132,5580.040
Mahabharat People's Party115,7850.030
Sikkim Democratic Front 102,4400.031
Peoples Democratic Party 92,0830.020
Akhil Bharatiya Sena 90,0350.020
Indian National League 86,6970.020
Himachal Vikas Congress 85,0460.020
Mizo National Front 82,0470.020
Savarn Samaj Party76,9800.020
Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party 70,1910.020
Jharkhand Party 63,8360.020
Hill State People's Democratic Party 62,1440.020
Loktantrik Samajwadi Party 43,7700.010
Bahujan Samaj Party (Ambedkar) 43,4020.010
Indian Congress (Socialist) 36,6770.010
Uttarakhand Kranti Dal 30,6540.010
Akhil Bartiya Manav Seva Dal26,0270.010
National Panthers Party24,6380.010
Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava) 24,4170.010
Shoshit Samaj Dal24,3030.010
Proutist Sarva Samaj Samiti23,0290.010
Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha 20,9280.010
Jammu and Kashmir Awami League 20,8430.010
Amra Bangali 20,3720.010
Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha 19,2020.010
Garo National Council 16,2800.000
Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh 14,2840.000
Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha 14,1600.000
Plain Tribals Council of Assam 12,9520.000
Bharatiya Vikash Party11,8810.000
United Tribal Nationalist Liberation Front 11,2870.000
Rajasthan Vikas Party 11,2670.000
Karnataka Rajya Ryota Sangha10,0640.000
United Communist Party of India 10,0180.000
Bharti Lok Lehar Party 9,9590.000
Samajwadi Jan Parishad 9,8480.000
Hindustan Janata Party 9,4760.000
Bharatiya Jantantrik Parishad9,3670.000
Maharashtra Rashtravadi Congress 8,6230.000
Jharkhand People's Party 7,1110.000
Sarvadharam Party (Madhya Pradesh)6,6710.000
Akhil Bharatiya Rajivwadi Congress (Dubey)6,4550.000
Bharatiya Rajiv Congress6,1220.000
Kisan Vikas Party 5,9050.000
Jai Telengana Party5,8470.000
Akhil Bharatiya Bhrastachar Normoolan Sena5,7180.000
All India Rajiv Krantikari Congress5,5880.000
Pragtisheel Manav Samaj Party5,4950.000
Bharatiya Krantikari Kammand Party4,8520.000
Shoshit Samaj Party4,7220.000
Rashtriya Aikta Manch4,5960.000
Bahujan Kranti Dal (JAI)4,5250.000
The Humanist Party of India4,4390.000
Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Rasik Bhatt) 4,4200.000
Rashtriya Ali Sena4,3710.000
Sanatan Samaj Party4,2380.000
Orissa Congress4,0480.000
Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)3,7630.000
Rastreeya Praja Parishat3,6880.000
Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh 3,0300.000
Golden India Party3,0020.000
Adarsh Lok Dal2,9090.000
Manava Party2,9030.000
Krantikari Manuwadi Morcha 2,7230.000
Religion of Man Revolving Political Party of India2,5030.000
All India Minorities Front 2,4800.000
Bahujan Kranti Dal2,4660.000
Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena2,3920.000
Republican Party of India (Khobragade) 2,1670.000
Gareebjan Samaj Party2,0090.000
Andhra Nadu Party1,9150.000
All India Muslim Forum 1,8660.000
Bahujan Vikas Party1,8330.000
Pragati Sheel Party1,8280.000
Rashtriya Janandholan Paksha1,7080.000
Tamilaga Janata1,6970.000
Akhil Bharatiya Berozgaar Party1,6090.000
Prism1,5950.000
United Citizens Party1,5910.000
Bharatiya Jan Sabha1,4250.000
Rashtriya Unnatsheel Das1,3940.000
Socialist Party (Lohia)1,3210.000
Akhil Bharatiya Revolutionary Shoshit Samaj Dal1,2770.000
Agrajan Party1,2690.000
Ekta Krandi Dal U.P.1,2460.000
All India Gareeb Congress1,2220.000
Republican Presidium Party of India1,2150.000
Akhil Bharatiya Garib Mazdoor Kisan Party1,1990.000
Indian Bahujan Samajwadi Party1,1620.000
Bharatiya Parivartan Morcha1,1110.000
Nagaland Peoples Party1,0660.000
Bharatiya Momin Front1,0450.000
Manav Samaj Party1,0360.000
Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party9460.000
Hindustan Inqualab Party8830.000
Jan Samanta Party8280.000
Bhrishtachar Virodhi Dal7540.000
Akhil Bharatiya Janata Congress7510.000
Ambedkarbadi Party7360.000
Rashtriya Muslim Mujhahid Party7100.000
Akhil Bharatiya Shivsena Rashtrawadi7030.000
National Republican Party6940.000
Hind Kisan Mazdoor Party6140.000
Akhil Bhartiya Loktantra Party6090.000
Hind Morcha5900.000
Punjab Pradesh Vikash Party5760.000
Uttar Pradesh Republican Party5520.000
Kranti Dal5010.000
Bharatiya Jan Jagruti Party4940.000
Akhil Bharatiya General Labour Party4120.000
Bharatiya Asht Jan Party3630.000
Telangana Praja Party3440.000
Rashtriya Rajdhani Congress Delhi3430.000
Akhil Bharatiya Rashtriya Azad Hind Party3060.000
Rashtriya Janta Congress2970.000
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad (Prem Vallabh Vyas)1500.000
Indian Republican Front1180.000
Independents8,719,9522.376
Nominated Anglo-Indians 2
Total368,376,700100.00545
Valid votes368,376,70098.12
Invalid/blank votes7,065,0391.88
Total votes375,441,739100.00
Registered voters/turnout605,880,19261.97
Source: ECI

By state and alliance

State
(# of seats)
Alliance/partySeats contestedSeats wonVote %
Andhra Pradesh (42) Congress+ Indian National Congress 422242.79
Third Front Telugu Desam Party 351232
Communist Party Of India (CPI)322.6
Janata Dal 110.9
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM)302.9
NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)38418.3
NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi) 301.2
-- All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen 111.5
Arunachal Pradesh (2)-- Arunachal Congress 2252.5
Congress+ Indian National Congress 2023.9
NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)2021.7
Assam (14) Congress+ Indian National Congress 131039.0
NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)14124.5
-- Asom Gana Parishad 10012.7
-- Autonomous State Demand Committee 112.2
-- United Minorities Front, Assam 3110.46
-- Independent 4519.5
Bihar (54) NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)322024
Samata Party 211015.77
Congress+ Rashtriya Janata Dal 381726.6
Indian National Congress 1156.3
Third Front Janata Dal 2817.3
Communist Party of India (CPI)1503.4
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM)400.4
All India Forward Bloc (AIFB)100
-- All India Rashtriya Janata Party 310.9
Goa (2) Congress+ Indian National Congress 2231.6
NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)2030
Gujarat (26) NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)261948.3
Congress+ Indian National Congress 26738
Haryana (10)-- Haryana Lok Dal (Rashtriya) 7425.9
Congress+ Indian National Congress 10326.0
NDA Haryana Vikas Party 4111.6
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)6118.9
-- Bahujan Samaj Party 317.7
Himachal Pradesh (4) NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)4351.4
Congress+ Indian National Congress 4141.9
-- Himachal Vikas Congress 403.6
Jammu & Kashmir (6)-- Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 6336.4
NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)6228.6
Congress+ Indian National Congress 6119.2
Karnataka (28) NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)181326.9
Lok Shakti 10311.5
Congress+ Indian National Congress 28936.2
-- Janata Dal 28321.7
Kerala (20) Congress+ Indian National Congress 17838.7
Kerala Congress 112.4
Muslim League Kerala State Committee 225
Third Front Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM)9621
Communist Party of India (CPI)428.3
Revolutionary Socialist Party 112.7
Kerala Congress 112.2
Janata Dal 203.9
NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)2008
Madhya Pradesh (40) NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)403045.7
Congress+ Indian National Congress 401039.4
-- Bahujan Samaj Party 3508.7
Maharashtra (48) Congress+ Indian National Congress 413343.6
Republican Party of India 444.1
Samajwadi Party 201.5
NDA Shiv Sena 22619.7
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)25422.5
Independent 101.1
-- Peasants And Workers Party of India 210.9
Manipur (2)-- Communist Party Of India (CPI)2120.5
-- Manipur State Congress Party 2125.4
NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)1012.6
Lok Shakti 100.2
Orissa (21) NDA Biju Janata Dal 12927.5
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)9721.2
Congress+ Indian National Congress 21541
Punjab (13)
NDA Shiromani Akali Dal 8832.9
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)3311.7
Janata Dal 114.2
Independent 113.8
Congress+ Indian National Congress 8025.8
Communist Party of India (CPI)103.4
Bahujan Samaj Party 4012.6
Rajasthan (25) Congress+ Indian National Congress 251844.5
NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)25541.7
-- All India Indira Congress (Secular) 911.9
-- Independent 5013.8
Tamil Nadu (39)
NDA All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 221825.9
Pattali Makkal Katchi 546
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)536.9
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 536.3
Janata Party 111.5
Independent 113.62
Congress+ Indian National Congress 3504.8
MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 301.1
United Communist Party Of India 100
Third Front Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 16418.5
Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) 19319.2
Communist Party Of India (CPI)212.5
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM)200.6
Uttar Pradesh (85)
NDA Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)825736.5
Samata Party 220.8
Shiv Sena 100.1
Congress+ Indian National Congress 7606
-- Bahujan Samaj Party 85420.9
-- Samajwadi Party 812028.7
-- Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) 110.5
-- Independent 49112.8
West Bengal (42)
Third Front Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM)322435.4
Communist Party Of India (CPI)333.6
Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP)444.5
All India Forward Bloc (AIFB)323.3
NDA All India Trinamool Congress (AITC)28724.1
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)14210.2
UPA Indian National Congress (INC)39115.2

Support for the New Government

Political PartySeatsAlliance
Bharatiya Janata Party 182 National Democratic Alliance
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 18
Samata Party 12
Biju Janata Dal 9
Shiromani Akali Dal 8
All India Trinamool Congress 7
Shiv Sena 6
Pattali Makkal Katchi 4
Lok Shakti 3
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 3
Janata Dal
(out of 6 M.Ps)
2
Arunachal Congress 2
Janata Party 1
Haryana Vikas Party 1
Sikkim Democratic Front 1
Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress
(As Independent)
1
Manipur State Congress Party 1
Bahujan Samaj Morcha
(As Independent)
1
Independent 2
Telugu Desam Party 12
Total276

Notes

  1. Two seats were reserved for Anglo-Indians and filled by presidential nomination

See also

References

  1. "Government Falls, Indian Premier Quits; Coalition Splits Amid Gandhi Assassination Debate". The Washington Post. 29 November 1997. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  2. "BJP's one-vote defeat in 1999 was narrowest in history". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 25 December 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  3. "The 1999 No-Trust Motion That Former PM Vajpayee Lost by One Vote". The Quint. 20 July 2018. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.