2018 elections in India

Elections in India

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Elections in the Republic of India in 2018 included by-elections to the Lok Sabha, elections to the Rajya Sabha, elections to of eight states and numerous other by-elections to state legislative assemblies, councils and local bodies.

The elections were widely considered crucial to the ruling National Democratic Alliance and the opposition United Progressive Alliance for the upcoming general elections in 2019. In seven of the eight states that went to polls this year, the Bharatiya Janata Party was in direct contest with the Indian National Congress. Further, the election results ^[1] in the states of Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Mizoram and Rajasthan are considered a barometer of the pulse of the public before the general elections. Elections to the upper house where the ruling National Democratic Alliance does not command a majority are by kicking on the part of all the political leaders expected to strengthen its position.

Background

Political System

According to the Constitution of India, elections should take place to the parliament and state legislative assemblies every five years, unless an emergency is under operation. Further, any vacancy caused by death or resignation must be filled through an election within six months of occurrence of such vacancy. The elections to the lower houses (in Parliament and in the states) use first past the post system - the candidate with a plurality of the votes wins the election.

Elections to one-third of the seats of the upper house of the Parliament - the Rajya Sabha are conducted every two years. The members of the upper house are elected indirectly by the state legislative assemblies on the basis of proportional representation. Members to the state legislative councils (in states which have an upper house) are elected indirectly through local bodies. ^[2]

All the elections at the central and state level are conducted by the Election Commission of India while local body elections are conducted by state election commissions. ^[3]

Parliamentary By-election

S.No	Date	Constituency	State/UT	MP before election	Party before election		Elected MP	Party after election
1	29 January 2018	Alwar	Rajasthan	Mahant Chandnath		Bharatiya Janata Party	Karan Singh Yadav		Indian National Congress
2		Ajmer		Sanwar Lal Jat		Bharatiya Janata Party	Raghu Sharma		Indian National Congress
3		Uluberia	West Bengal	Sultan Ahmed		All India Trinamool Congress	Sajda Ahmed		All India Trinamool Congress
4	11 March 2018	Gorakhpur	Uttar Pradesh	Yogi Adityanath		Bharatiya Janata Party	Praveen Kumar Nishad		Samajwadi Party
5		Phulpur		Keshav Prasad Maurya		Bharatiya Janata Party	Nagendra Singh Patel		Samajwadi Party
6		Araria	Bihar	Mohammed Taslimuddin		Rashtriya Janata Dal	Sarfaraz Alam		Rashtriya Janata Dal
7	28 May 2018	Bhandara–Gondiya	Maharashtra	Nana Patole		Bharatiya Janata Party	Madhukar Kukde		Nationalist Congress Party
8		Palghar		Chintaman Vanaga		Bharatiya Janata Party	Rajendra Gavit		Bharatiya Janata Party
9		Nagaland	Nagaland	Neiphiu Rio		Naga People's Front	Tokheho Yepthomi		Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party
10		Kairana	Uttar Pradesh	Hukum Singh		Bharatiya Janata Party	Begum Tabassum Hasan		Rashtriya Lok Dal
11	3 November 2018	Bellary	Karnataka	B. Sriramulu		Bharatiya Janata Party	V. S. Ugrappa		Indian National Congress
12		Shimoga		B. S. Yediyurappa		Bharatiya Janata Party	B. Y. Raghavendra		Bharatiya Janata Party
13		Mandya		C. S. Puttaraju		Janata Dal (Secular)	L. R. Shivarame Gowda		Janata Dal (Secular)

• Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency): Elections were held on 29 January to elect a new member of parliament after the death of the incumbent Mahant Chandnath of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Both the Bharatiya Janata Party and Indian National Congress fielded candidates from the yadav community. 61.77% of the total 18,27,936 voters participated in the election. ^[4] For the first time in the country, election commission has placed candidates' photos next to their name to help voters identify the candidates. In what was seen as a body blow to the state government, the INC wrested control of the seat from the BJP, with its candidate Karan Singh Yadav winning the seat by a margin of 1,96,496 votes. ^{[5] [6]}
• Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency): Elections were held on 29 January to elect a new member of parliament after the death of the incumbent Sanwar Lal Jat of the Bharatiya Janata Party. 65% of the total 18.43 lakh voters participated in the election. ^[4] For the first time in the country, the election commission has placed candidates' photos next to their name to help voters identify the candidates. In what was seen as a body blow to the state government, the INC wrested control of the seat from the BJP, its candidate Raghu Sharma won by a margin of 84,238 votes. ^[7]
• Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency): Elections were held on 29 January to elect a new member of parliament after the death of Mohammedan Sporting Club's president and All India Trinamool Congress M.P Sultan Ahmed. ^[8] Trinamool Congress candidate Sajda Ahmed won Uluberia Lok Sabha seat by defeating BJP candidate Anupam Mallick by 4,74,023 votes. ^[9]

March

2018 Winner	2014 Winner	State	Constituency	Note
SP	BJP	Uttar Pradesh	Gorakhpur	Elections were held on March 11 to elect a new member of Parliament after the incumbent member Yogi Adityanath resigned from the post after he was appointed the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. [10] [11]
SP	BJP	Uttar Pradesh	Phulpur	Elections were held on March 14 to elect a new member of Parliament after the incumbent member Keshav Prasad Maurya resigned from the post after he was appointed the Deputy Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. [10] [12]
RJD	RJD	Bihar	Araria	The constituency fell vacant after the death of RJD MP Mohammed Taslimuddin. [10]

May

4 parliamentary seats were contested on 28 May 2018. ^{[13] [14]} The counting of votes took place on May 31. ^{[13] [15]} This election saw the ruling BJP party lose their majority in the lower house of the Indian Parliament ^[16]

2018 Winner	2014 Winner	State	Constituency	Note
RLD	BJP	Uttar Pradesh	Kairana	The constituency fell vacant after the death of BJP MP Hukum Singh.
NCP	BJP	Maharashtra	Bhandara-Gondiya	Nana Patole quit as the BJP MP and resigned from the ruling party to return to the Congress earlier this year, necessitating the by-election.
BJP	BJP	Maharashtra	Palghar	Palghar seat in north Konkan fell vacant after sitting BJP MP Chintaman Vanga died on 30 January following a heart attack.
NDPP	NPF	Nagaland	Nagaland	The by-election was necessitated after NDPP's Neiphiu Rio resigned to take on the role of Nagaland chief minister.

November

3 parliamentary seats had been contested on 3 November 2018 in Karnataka. Results were declared on 6 November 2018.

2018 Winner	2014 Winner	State	Constituency	Note
INC	BJP	Karnataka	Bellary	Bellary Lok Sabha constituency was vacated due to Sriramulu being elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly in May 2018.
JDS	JDS	Karnataka	Mandya	This seat was vacated after sitting MP had joined Karnataka Government as Minister for minor irrigation
BJP	BJP	Karnataka	Shivamogga	Shivamogga constituency was vacated B. S. Yeddyurappa has quit after being elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly in May 2018

Legislative assembly elections

2018 Indian Election Result Map

Date(s)	State	Government before		Chief Minister before	Government after		Elected Chief Minister
18 February 2018	Tripura		Communist Party of India (Marxist)	Manik Sarkar		Bharatiya Janata Party	Biplab Kumar Deb
27 February 2018	Meghalaya		Indian National Congress	Mukul Sangma		National People's Party	Conrad Sangma
						United Democratic Party
						People's Democratic Front
						Bharatiya Janata Party
27 February 2018	Nagaland		Naga People's Front	T. R. Zeliang		Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party	Neiphiu Rio
						Bharatiya Janata Party
12 May 2018	Karnataka		Indian National Congress	Siddaramaiah		Indian National Congress	H. D. Kumaraswamy
						Janata Dal (Secular)
12 & 20 November 2018	Chhattisgarh		Bharatiya Janata Party	Raman Singh		Indian National Congress	Bhupesh Baghel
28 November 2018	Madhya Pradesh		Bharatiya Janata Party	Shivraj Singh Chouhan		Indian National Congress	Kamal Nath [17]
28 November 2018	Mizoram		Indian National Congress	Lal Thanhawla		Mizo National Front	Zoramthanga
7 December 2018	Rajasthan		Bharatiya Janata Party	Vasundhra Raje		Indian National Congress	Ashok Gehlot
7 December 2018	Telangana		Telangana Rashtra Samithi	K. Chandrasekhar Rao		Telangana Rashtra Samithi	K. Chandrashekar Rao

Tripura

Main article: 2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election

Elections were held in Tripura on 18 February 2018 in 59 out of 60 constituencies of the Legislative Assembly. ^[18] The Left Front led by Manik Sarkar sought re-election, having governed Tripura since the 1998 election. The region in general had been under the political control of the Communist Party for 25 years prior to the election, leading to the region being dubbed a "red holdout". ^[19] The incumbent Left Front government was defeated after 25 years of office, with the Bharatiya Janata Party and Indigenous Peoples Front of Tripura winning a large majority of seats. The Indian National Congress, which was the second largest party in the 2013 election, lost all its seats and most of its vote share.

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Won	+/−
	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	999,093	43.0		36	36
	Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM)	992,575	42.7		16	33
	Indigenous Peoples Front of Tripura (IPFT)	173,603	7.5		8	8
	Indian National Congress (INC)	41,325	1.8		0	10
	Communist Party of India (CPI)	19,352	0.8		0	1
	Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP)	17,568	0.8		0
	Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra (INPT)	16,255	0.7		0
	All India Forward Bloc (AIFB)	13,115	0.6		0
	All India Trinamool Congress (AITC)	6,989	0.3		0
	Independents (IND)				0
	Other parties and coalitions				0
	None of the Above (NOTA)
Vacant seat					1	1
Total			100.00		60	±0

Meghalaya

Main article: 2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election

Elections were held in Meghalaya on 27 February 2018 to elect 59 of 60 members to the Legislative Assembly. The incumbent Indian National Congress government controlled the state in a coalition with smaller parties prior to the election, and sought to retain office. The elections resulted in a hung assembly with no single party or alliance getting the requisite majority of 31 seats in the Vidhan Sabha. ^[20] Conrad Sangma, leader of the National People's Party, announced that he would form a government with the support of the United Democratic Party and other regional parties. ^{[21] [22]} He was sworn in as the Chief Minister, along with eleven other ministers. ^[23]

Party		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Contested	Won	+/−
	Indian National Congress (INC)	447,472	28.5		59	21	8
	National People's Party (NPP)	323,500	20.6		52	19	17
	United Democratic Party (UDP)	182,491	11.6		27	6	2
	Independents (IND)	170,249	10.8			3	10
	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	151,217	9.6		47	2	2
	People's Democratic Front (PDF)	128,413	8.2		8	4	4
	Hill State People's Democratic Party (HSPDP)	84,011	5.3		15	2	1
	Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)	25,247	1.6		6	1	1
	Garo National Council (GNC)	21,679	1.4		7	0	1
	Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement (KHNAM)	14,164	0.9		6	1	1
	All India Trinamool Congress (AITC)	5,544	0.4			0
	None of the Above (NOTA)	14,631	0.9
Vacant seat						1	1
Total			100.00		297	60	±0

Nagaland

Main article: 2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election

Elections were held in Nagaland on 27 February 2018 in 59 out of 60 constituencies of the Legislative Assembly. The scheduled election in Northern Angami II constituency did not take place as only incumbent MLA Neiphiu Rio was nominated and was therefore declared elected unopposed. ^{[24] [25]} The ruling Naga People's Front was challenged by the newly established Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party (NDPP), an ally of the Bharatiya Janata Party. The NDPP and its allies won a majority, with former Chief Minister Neiphiu Rio returning to government.

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	± pp	Candidates	Won	+/−
	Nagaland People's Front (NPF)	389,912	38.8		58	26	12
	Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party (NDPP)	253,090	25.2		40	18	18
	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	153,864	15.3		20	12	11
	National People's Party (NPP)	69,506	6.9		25	2	2
	Janata Dal (United) (JD(U))	45,089	4.5		13	1
	Independents (IND)	43,008	4.3		11	1	7
	Indian National Congress (INC)	20,752	2.1		18	0	8
	Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)	10,693	1.1		6	0	4
	Aam Aadmi Party (AAP)	7,491	0.7		3	0
	Lok Janshakti Party (LJP)	2,765	0.3		2	0
	None of the Above (NOTA)
Total			100.00		196	60	±0

Karnataka

Main article: 2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election

Elections were held in Karnataka on 12 May 2018 in 222 out of 224 constituencies of the Legislative Assembly. The incumbent Indian National Congress (INC) was seeking re-election, having governed the state since elections in 2013. ^[26] The opposition Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Janata Dal (Secular) (JD(S)) sought to regain office. The election led to a hung assembly, with the Bharatiya Janata Party emerging as the single largest party, with 104 seats, but failing to win a majority of seats and popular votes. The Indian National Congress (INC) won the popular vote. ^[27] Following the election, B. S. Yeddyurappa was appointed Chief Minister and tasked with forming a minority BJP government, but resigned two days later on being unable to prove majority in the assembly. Thereafter the INC and JD(S) which had entered into a post-poll agreement formed a majority coalition government. H.D. Kumaraswamy of Janata Dal (Secular) was subsequently appointed Chief Minister.

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Won	+/−
	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	1,31,85,384	36.2	16.3	104	64
	Indian National Congress (INC)	1,39,32,069	38.0	1.4	80	44
	Janata Dal (Secular) (JDS)	66,66,307	18.3	1.9	37	3
	Independents (IND)	14,37,045	3.9	3.5	1	8
	Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)	1,08,592	0.3		1	1
	Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party (KPJP)	74,229	0.2		1	1
	Other parties and candidates	6,83,632	2.2		0	13
	None of the Above (NOTA)	3,22,841	0.9
Total			100.00		224	±0

Madhya Pradesh

Main article: 2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Won	+/−
	INC +	15,595,153	40.9%	4.59%	114	56
	BJP	15,642,980	41%	3.88%	109	56
	BSP	1,911,642	5%	1.29%	2	2
	SP	496,025	1.3%	0.1%	1	1
	Independents	2,218,230	5.8%	0.42%	4	1
	None of the Above	542,295	1.4%
Total			100.00		230	±0

Chhatishgarh

Main article: 2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Won	+/−
	Indian National Congress (INC)	61,36,429	43.0%	2.71%	68	29
	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	47,01,530	33.0%	8.04%	15	34
	Janta Congress Chhattisgarh (JCC)	10,81,760	7.6%	7.6%	5	5
	Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)	5,51,687	3.9%	0.37%	2	1
	None of the Above (NOTA)	2,82,588	2.0%
Total					90	±0

Mizoram

Main article: 2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Won	+/−
	Mizo National Front	237,305	37.6%	8.9pp	26	21
	Indian National Congress	190,412	30.1%	14.5pp	5	29
	Zoram People's Movement	144,925	22.9%	1.5pp	8	5
	Bharatiya Janata Party	50,744	8%	7.6pp	1	1
	Others	8,211	1.3%	0.7pp	0	0
Total		631,597	100.00		40	±0

Rajasthan

Main article: 2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election

The seat and vote share was as follows: ^{[28] [29]}

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Won	+/−
	Indian National Congress	1,39,35,201	39.3%	6.23	100	79
	Bharatiya Janata Party	1,37,57,502	38.8%	6.37	73	92
	Bahujan Samaj Party	14,10,995	4.0%	0.63	6	3
	Independents	33,72,206	9.5%	1.29	13	6
	Rashtriya Loktantrik Party	8,56,038	2.4%	New	3	New
	Communist Party of India (Marxist)	4,34,210	1.2%	0.33	2	2
	Bharatiya Tribal Party	2,55,100	0.7%	New	2	New
	Rashtriya Lok Dal	1,16,320	0.3%	0.29	1	1
	Other parties and candidates (OTH)	8,87,317	2.5%	0.00	0	0
	None of the Above	4,67,781	1.3%
Total		3,54,92,670	100.00		199	±0

Telangana

Main article: 2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election

Parties and coalitions		2018 Votes & Seats
		Votes	%	Won	+/-
	Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS)	9,700,749	46.9%	88	25
	Indian National Congress (INC)	5,883,111	28.4%	19	2
	All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM)	561,089	2.7%	7
	Telugu Desam Party (TDP)	725,845	3.5%	2	13
	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	1,450,456	7.1%	1	4
	All India Forward Bloc (AIFB)	159,141	1.8%	1	1
	Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)	428,430	2.1%	0	2
	Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM)	91,099	0.4%	0	1
	Communist Party of India (CPI)	83,215	0.4%	0	1
	Independents (IND)	673,694	3.3%	1
	None of the above (India) (NOTA)	224,709	1.1%
Total				119

Assembly By-elections

Bihar

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
1	11 March 2018	Bhabua	Anand Bhushan Pandey		Bharatiya Janata Party	Rinki Rani Pandey		Bharatiya Janata Party
2		Jehanabad	Mudrika Singh Yadav		Rashtriya Janata Dal	Suday Yadav		Rashtriya Janata Dal
3	28 May 2018	Jokihat	Sarfaraz Alam		Janata Dal (United)	Shahnawaz Alam		Rashtriya Janata Dal

Gujarat

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
1	20 December 2018	Jasdan	Kunwarjibhai Bavaliya		Indian National Congress	Kunwarjibhai Bavaliya		Bharatiya Janata Party

Jharkhand

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
1	28 May 2018	Gomia	Yogendra Prasad		Jharkhand Mukti Morcha	Babita Devi		Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
2		Silli	Amit Kumar		Jharkhand Mukti Morcha	Seema Devi		Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
3	20 December 2018	Kolebira	Anosh Ekka		Jharkhand Party	Naman Bixal Kongari		Indian National Congress

Karnataka

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
1	6 November 2018	Ramanagara	H. D. Kumaraswamy		Janata Dal (Secular)	Anitha Kumaraswamy		Janata Dal (Secular)
2		Jamkhandi	Siddu Nyamagouda		Indian National Congress	Anand Nyamagouda		Indian National Congress

Kerala

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
1	28 May 2018	Chengannur	K. K. Ramachandran Nair		Communist Party of India (Marxist)	Saji Cherian		Communist Party of India (Marxist)

Madhya Pradesh

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
1	24 February 2018	Kolaras	Ram Singh Yadav		Indian National Congress	Mahendra Singh Yadav		Indian National Congress
2		Mungaoli	Mahendra Singh Kalukheda		Indian National Congress	Brajendra Singh Yadav		Indian National Congress

Maharashtra

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
1	28 May 2018	Palus-Kadegaon	Patangrao Kadam		Indian National Congress	Vishwajeet Kadam		Indian National Congress

Meghalaya

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
1	23 August 2018	South Tura	Agatha Sangma		National People's Party	Conrad Sangma		National People's Party
2		Ranikor	Martin Danggo		Indian National Congress	Piyus Marwein		United Democratic Party

Odisha

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
1	24 February 2018	Bijepur	Subal Sahu		Indian National Congress	Rita Sahu		Biju Janata Dal

Punjab

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
1	28 May 2018	Shahkot	Ajit Singh Kohar		Shiromani Akali Dal	Hardev Singh Ladi		Indian National Congress

Rajasthan

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
1	29 January 2018	Mandalgarh	Kirti Kumari		Bharatiya Janata Party	Vivek Dhakar		Indian National Congress

Uttar Pradesh

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
1	28 May 2018	Noorpur	Lokendra Singh		Bharatiya Janata Party	Naim Ul Hasan		Samajwadi Party

Uttarakhand

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
1	28 May 2018	Tharali	Maganlal Shah		Bharatiya Janata Party	Munni Devi Shah		Bharatiya Janata Party

West Bengal

S.No	Date	Constituency	MLA before election	Party before election		Elected MLA	Party after election
1	29 January 2018	Noapara	Madhusudan Ghose		Indian National Congress	Sunil Singh		All India Trinamool Congress
2	28 May 2018	Maheshtala	Kasturi Das		All India Trinamool Congress	Dulal Chandra Das		All India Trinamool Congress

Local body elections

Jammu and Kashmir

Main article: Elections in Jammu and Kashmir

Panchayat elections and municipal elections were held in Jammu and Kashmir in 2018 from October 8 till December 11. ^[30] The last time Panchayat elections were held in the state were in 2011 and the last time municipal elections were held were in 2005. ^{[31] [32]}

Uttarakhand

Main article: 2018 Uttarakhand local body elections

On 18 November, elections to the local bodies were held in Uttarakhand.

Rural elections

Assam

• 2018 Assam panchayat election ^[33]

West Bengal

• 2018 West Bengal local elections ^[34]

See also

• 2017 elections in India
• 2019 elections in India

References

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External links

• Lok Sabha Elections Website
• Election Commission of India