Lal Thanhawla | |
---|---|
3rd Chief Minister of Mizoram | |
In office 11 December 2008 –14 December 2018 | |
Preceded by | Zoramthanga |
Succeeded by | Zoramthanga |
In office 24 January 1989 –3 December 1998 | |
Preceded by | President's rule |
Succeeded by | Zoramthanga |
In office 5 May 1984 –20 August 1986 | |
Preceded by | T. Sailo |
Succeeded by | Laldenga |
Deputy Chief Minister of Mizoram | |
In office 1986 - 1987 | |
Preceded by | position established |
Succeeded by | Lalhmingthanga |
President of Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee | |
In office 12 June 1973 –5 December 2021 | |
Preceded by | C. L. Ruala |
Succeeded by | Lalsawta |
Personal details | |
Born | Aizawl,Assam Province,British India (now in Mizoram,India) | 19 May 1938
Political party | Indian National Congress |
Spouse | Lal Riliani |
Children | Zauva Sailo (L) Lal Thankhumi |
Residence(s) | Zarkawt,Aizawl,Mizoram |
Alma mater | Pachhunga University College |
Pu Lal Thanhawla (born 19 May 1938 [1] [2] or 1942 [3] [4] ) is an Indian politician and former Chief Minister of Mizoram,belonging to the Indian National Congress party. He holds the record for longest-serving Chief Minister of Mizoram,occupying the position for five terms:1984 to 1986,1989 to 1993,1993 to 1998,2008 to 2013,and 2013 to 2018. [3] [5] He served as President of the Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee from 1973 to 2021. [6] His electoral constituencies were Serchhip and Hrangturzo from where he successfully contested the Mizoram Legislative Assembly elections nine times,in 1978,1979,1984,1987,1989,1993,2003,2008,and 2013. [7]
Lal Thanhawla is the son of Hmartawnphunga Sailo and Lalsawmliani Chawngthu. He completed matriculation in 1958. He passed his intermediate examination (higher secondary) in arts in 1961. Thereafter,he studied BA at Pachhunga University College (then Aijal College),which was then affiliated to Gauhati University. He graduated in 1964. [4] [8]
Lal Thanhawla started his career as Recorder in the office of Inspector of Schools under the Mizoram District Council,which was in turn under the Government of Assam. After that,he joined the Assam Co-operative Apex Bank as Assistant. In 1966,he joined the underground movement called Mizo National Front (MNF) as Foreign Secretary. He was captured and imprisoned at Silchar jail. After his release in 1967 he joined the Indian National Congress (INC) party. He was immediately appointed to the Chief Organiser of the Aizawl District Congress Committee. In 1973 he was elected President of the Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee (MPCC),a branch of the Indian National Congress,and continued to win the presidency in every election till date. In 1978 and 1979 he was elected as a Legislator in Union Territory Elections. [9] [10]
In 1984,under his leadership,the Congress party swept the Union Territory and Thanhawla became the Chief Minister. In 1986,when the Mizoram Peace Accord was signed between India and MNF,he stepped down from his office to make way for Laldenga,the leader of MNF,to become the Chief Minister. This was part of the negotiation and settlement of the accord,and he was designated Deputy Chief Minister. Then Mizoram was declared a full state of India. In the first Mizoram Legislative Assembly election held in 1987,he was elected and after Laldenga was toppled through defections,became the Chief Minister in 1988. He continued the office after being re-elected in the 1989 and 1993 elections. In 1998 he lost the election. He eventually reclaimed in the 2003 elections. [8] [9] [11] [10]
In the 2013 Mizoram Assembly Elections,Thanhawla led the ruling Congress party to a victory winning 34 seats in the 40-member legislative assembly,two seats more than in the 2008 election. The major opposition party Mizo National Front (MNF) barely won five seats,while Mizoram People's Conference (MPC) won just one seat. In the 2018 Mizoram Assembly Elections,he lost the election for the second time. [3] [12]
In November 2021,Thanhawla announced his voluntary retirement from party leadership,saying to The Indian Express :"Politics is in my blood and I can never shrug it off. But I do think it is high time that I make way for someone younger. I am a grand old man now." [6] President of INC,Sonia Gandhi formally accepted his resignation on 4 December. The next day,Gandhi appointed him as a member of the Congress Working Committee,and Lalsawta as the new President of MPCC. [13] [14]
Lal Thanhawla is actively involved in sports and voluntary services. Major roles he's held in these areas include: [7] [11]
In addition he served as:
In 1995,officials of the Income Tax Department investigated a case of tax evasion by the Baid Group,which operated a travel agency Capital Travels (Capital Tours (India) Pvt. Ltd.),in northeast India. On 13 September,they found evidence of government funds swindled between Jodhraj Baid,head of the Baid group operating in Mizoram,Lal Thanhawla,the Chief Minister,and Santosh Mohan Dev,the Union Minister. [23] [24] Based on this evidence,two social workers,Zairema and Bualhranga,filed a public interest litigation action with the Supreme Court of India in 1996. [25] [26] The case file accused Thanhawla,along with Baid and Pushpa Sharma (an accountant employed by Baid),of corruption arising from disproportionate income and assets.
An investigation was carried out by the anti-corruption wing of the Mizoram police from 1998, [24] and P. Singthanga,Special Judge of the Prevention of Corruption Act,was appointed as the prosecutor. [27] On 25 April 2003,a chargesheet was submitted by John Neihlaia,Commandant of the First Battalion of the Mizoram Armed Police,upon which the court ordered an arrest. Thanhawla evaded jail,as he had already obtained anticipatory bail the previous December. Baid and Sharma were detained in jail for a day until they obtained bail as well. The first trial,held in August 2003,found evidence of corruption. [28]
In June 2006,Jodhraj Baid submitted a petition regarding the incompetency of Singthanga to the Gauhati High Court,and subsequently to the Supreme Court,both of which dismissed the petitions. [27] Thanhawla appeared before Singthanga in September and was again charge-sheeted. [24] After several court hearings,T. Saikunga,Special Judge of a District and Sessions Court,dissolved Thanhawla's case on 26 February 2010 on the grounds that "there was no clear evidence" of money laundering. [25]
When Lal Thanhawla filed candidature for the 2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly from two constituencies,Serchhip and Champhai South,he failed to declare an immovable property in the filing. [29] As his Chief Minister term was closing in 2018,his nomination papers were re-examined by Lalhriatrenga Chhangte,Deputy Controller of Mines at Indian Bureau of Mines in Kolkata. Chhangte knew that Thanhawla owned a plot of land in this jurisdiction which did not appear in the property declaration. [30] By this time,Thanhawla had begun to construct a building on the property.
Chhangte submitted corruption charges regarding Thanhawla under Section 125 A of the Representation of the People Act,1951 to the Chief Judicial Magistrate of Serchhip District on 17 January 2018. [31] The accusation also included an inconsistent date of birth declared by Thanhawla in the election papers. [32] Thanhawla made excuses and did not appear before the court in the first two summons in March and April 2018, [33] as his counsel Remsanga Nghaka reported "personal problems." [34] Chhangte also filed a case to the Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB) of Mizoram Police on 20 May 2018. The Vigilance Department,which was under Thanhawla,failed to issue permission for investigation. [30]
On his first appearance before the court on 26 May,the Chief Judicial Magistrate Lalngaihmawia Zote acquitted Thanhawla regarding the age issue,as the period of verification for election had lapsed. [32] [35] On the case of land ownership,Thanhawla claimed that it was allotted to him by the Bengal government as a gift when Kolkata's New Town was expanded in 2011,and that ownership deeds were still officially uncertain in 2013 due to legal issues in that area. [36] He then evaded several court summons under various excuses. [30] On 3 October 2019,he appeared before the court again,and the case was dismissed due to lack of "evidence of mens rea ." The court gave him the benefit of the doubt regarding the improper declaration of ownership as originally charged,but also declared that he was the legal owner of the land. [36]
The Mizo National Front is a regional political party in Mizoram,India. MNF emerged from the Mizo National Famine Front,which was formed by Pu Laldenga to protest against the inaction of the Government of India towards the famine situation in the Mizo areas of the Assam state in 1959. It staged a major uprising in 1966,followed by years of underground activities. In 1986,it signed the Mizoram Accord with the Government of India,renouncing secession and violence. The MNF then began contesting elections and has formed state government in Mizoram three times. It is currently the state's opposition party,with its president,Zoramthanga,as the Former Chief Minister of Mizoram.
Laldenga was a Mizo separatist and politician from Mizoram in northeast India. He was the founder of the Mizo National Front,a social organisation turned political party. He was the first Chief Minister of Mizoram as a federated state,the office of which he held from 1986 to 1988.
Pachhunga University College (PUC) is a public institute in Aizawl,Mizoram,and the only constituent college of Mizoram University,a central university established by an Act of Parliament of India. Founded in 1958 as Aijal College,it is the oldest and largest college in Mizoram,by enrolment and campus size. It started with intermediate of arts courses,and later expanded to bachelor's degrees in arts,commerce and science. With the opening of master's degree courses in Mizo,philosophy and life sciences,it became the first postgraduate college in Mizoram.
Lalduhoma is an Indian politician who serves as the 6th Chief Minister of Mizoram since 8 December 2023. Formerly an Indian Police Service officer,he resigned from the security service to the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi,and was elected as Member of Parliament to the Lok Sabha from Mizoram and President of the Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee in 1984. He however left the party from which he was elected two years later,for which he was disqualified from the Parliament. He became the first MP in India to be discharged based upon its anti-defection law.
Brigadier Ṭhenphunga Sailo,AVSM (1922–2015) was an Indian military officer and politician who served as the 2nd Chief Minister of Mizoram. He founded the Mizoram People's Conference,one of the major political parties in Mizoram. He was a recipient of Ati Vishisht Seva Medal and Padma Shri for his military service and humanitarian works,and the Mizo Award for his lifetime achievements.
Vanglaini is a daily newspaper in Mizoram,northeast India,published in the Mizo language. It is registered with the Registrar of Newspapers for India. It is owned,edited,and published by K. Sapdanga. It remains the newspaper in Mizoram with the largest circulation.
The Mizo National Front uprising was a revolt against the government of India aimed at establishing a sovereign nation state for the Mizo people,which started on 28 February 1966. On 1 March 1966,the Mizo National Front (MNF) made a declaration of independence,after launching coordinated attacks on the Government offices and security forces post in different parts of the Mizo district in Assam. The government retaliated and recaptured all the places seized by the MNF by 25 March 1966.
Mizo Zirlai Pawl is a Mizo multinational student organization and apex students body in Mizoram state. Established on 27 October 1935 in Shillong by Mizo earlier educated students. Originally as the Lushai Students Association (LSA),which was later replaced with the "Mizo Zirlai Pawl" on 1 September 1946. As Mizoram State government notified MZP raising day 27 October was observed as "Zirlaite Ni" from 2008 in Mizoram. It was registered as SR No. 35 of 1969–70 under Indian Societies Registration Act. Its general headquarters is in the state capital of Mizoram,Aizawl. And it has 12 headquarters inside and outside of Mizoram state,such as Churachandpur,Behliangchhip,and in Mizoram state - Serchhip,Biate,Champhai,Darlawn,Kolasib,Mamit,Zawlnuam,Saitual,Lunglei and Khawzawl. It has 50 Sub-Headquarters and many branches.
Synod Hospital,Durtlang is a general hospital and nursing school in Aizawl,Mizoram,India. The hospital is widely known among Mizo people as "Durtlang Hospital". It is managed and governed by the Mizoram Presbyterian Church Synod. The hospital was established in 1928 by the Calvinistic Methodist Church as a nursing institute. It is the second hospital established,and the largest non-governmental hospital in Mizoram. It has a registered capacity of 355 beds.
Rajiv Gandhi Stadium is an athletic stadium in Mualpui,Salem Veng,Aizawl,Mizoram,India. It is used mainly for football and athletics. This stadium is named after Rajiv Gandhi,6th Prime Minister of India and currently it is the home stadium of I-League side Aizawl FC. The stadium is also used by clubs of the Mizoram Premier League.
Zairema was a Presbyterian minister,and a pioneer in theology and literature among the Mizo people of northeast India. He was the first Mizo to obtain the degrees of BSc and BD. He died of cardiac problem on the morning of 17 December 2008 at his residence in Aizawl at the age of 91. He is best remembered as the "father of Mizoram Synod".
Zoramthanga is an Indian politician and former Chief Minister of Mizoram from 1998 to 2008 and 2018 to 2023. He is also the president of Mizo National Front (MNF) party. He represents the Aizawl East I constituency in the Mizoram Legislative Assembly since 2018 and Champhai constituency from 1998 to 2008.
Lal Thanzara is an Indian politician from Mizoram. He is currently serving as President of Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee. He was the member of Mizoram Legislative Assembly for Aizawl North 3. He is the former President of Mizoram Football Association.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mizoram:
The legislative assembly election was held on 28 November 2018 to elect members of the 40 constituencies in Mizoram. Mizo National Front won 26 seats in the election. This was the first time that Congress does not have any government in any of the states in Northeast India.
The Mizoram Peace Accord,1986 was an official agreement between the Government of India and the Mizo National Front (MNF) to end insurgency and violence in Mizoram,India,that started in 1966. The Mizo National Front was an organisation of Mizo secessionists led by Laldenga to fight for independence from India. The movement was basically due to lack of support from the government during the great famine in Mizoram in the late 1950s. Political insurgency and social unrest ensued in the next decades. After a number of negotiations,the document titled Mizoram Accord,1986:Memorandum of Settlement was finally signed on 30 June 1986. It was signed by Laldenga for MNF,R.D. Pradhan,Home Secretary,Government of India,and Lalkhama,Chief Secretary,Government of Mizoram. It is remarked as the most and only successful peace agreement in India after its independence from British Empire in 1947.
Aizawl,formerly known as Aijal,is the capital city and the most populous city of Mizoram,India. It is also the fourth largest city in northeast India,after Agartala and Imphal. It is situated atop a series of ridges,with an average elevation of around 1,132 metres above sea level. In 2024,the city has an estimated population of 405,000 people.
Hnahthial district is one of the eleven districts of Mizoram state in India. The creation of Hnahthial District was first notified on 12 September 2008 but until 2020,it remained non-functional despite a number of promises made by top political leaders and an all-out effort by Hnahthial District Function Demand Committee to let the state government make it functional. Hnahthial district was made functional only 12 years later on 3 June 2019 with the creation of the office of the Deputy Commissioner.
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Mizoram on 7 November 2023 to elect all 40 members of Mizoram Legislative Assembly,which had 174 candidates and saw 80.66% voter turnout. The votes were counted on 4 December 2023 which showed the Zoram People's Movement's victory winning 27 seats out of 40.
Pu Lalsawta is an Indian politician from Mizoram of the Indian National Congress and former President of the Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee when he succeeded former Chief Minister Lal Thanhawla,who retired after leading the Congress for four decades.
Media related to Lal Thanhawla at Wikimedia Commons