Although India is a parliamentary democracy,the country's politics has become dynastic or with high level of nepotism,possibly due to the absence of party organizations,independent civil-society associations which mobilize support for a party,or centralized financing of elections. The dynastic phenomenon is present at the national,state,regional,and district level. The Nehru–Gandhi family has produced three Indian prime ministers,and family members have largely led the Congress party since 1978. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) also has several dynastic leaders. In addition to the major national parties,other national and regional parties such as Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK),Shiromani Akali Dal,Shiv Sena,Samajwadi Party,Rashtriya Janata Dal,Janata Dal Secular,Jharkhand Mukti Morcha,Kerala Congress,Jammu &Kashmir National Conference,Indian Union Muslim League,AIMIM,and the Nationalist Congress Party are all dominated by families,mostly those of the party founders.
Nongthombam Biren Singh is an Indian politician,former footballer and journalist who is currently serving as the 12th Chief Minister of Manipur since 2017,in addition to representing the Heingang Assembly constituency in the Manipur Legislative Assembly since 2002. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Besides being the chairman of Shri Shri Govindaji Temple Board,he is the first incumbent Chief Minister who serves as the president of the Lainingthou Sanamahi Temple Board (LSTB),the temple development board of Lainingthou Sanamahi of the Sanamahi religion since 2021.
Lalduhoma is an Indian politician who serves as the 6th Chief Minister of Mizoram since 8 December 2023. Formerly an Indian Police Service officer,he resigned from the security service to the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi,and was elected as Member of Parliament to the Lok Sabha from Mizoram and President of the Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee in 1984. He however left the party from which he was elected two years later,for which he was disqualified from the Parliament. He became the first MP in India to be discharged based upon its anti-defection law.
Ashok Shankarrao Chavan is an Indian politician from Maharashtra. He is the son of the late former Maharashtra Chief Minister Shankarrao Chavan. He was one of the most influential leaders of Indian National Congress in Maharashtra but joined Bhartiya Janata Party on 13 February 2024. He has served as the Chief Minister of Maharashtra state from 8 December 2008 to 9 November 2010. Also,he has served as Minister for Cultural Affairs,Industries,Mines and Protocol in the Vilasrao Deshmukh government and he is also the former PWD Minister of Maharashtra.
Brigadier Ṭhenphunga Sailo,AVSM (1922–2015) was an Indian military officer and politician who served as the 2nd Chief Minister of Mizoram. He founded the Mizoram People's Conference,one of the major political parties in Mizoram. He was a recipient of Ati Vishisht Seva Medal and Padma Shri for his military service and humanitarian works,and the Mizo Award for his lifetime achievements.
Pu Lal Thanhawla is an Indian politician and former Chief Minister of Mizoram,belonging to the Indian National Congress party. He holds the record for longest-serving Chief Minister of Mizoram,occupying the position for five terms:1984 to 1986,1989 to 1993,1993 to 1998,2008 to 2013,and 2013 to 2018. He served as President of the Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee from 1973 to 2021. His electoral constituencies were Serchhip and Hrangturzo from where he successfully contested the Mizoram Legislative Assembly elections nine times,in 1978,1979,1984,1987,1989,1993,2003,2008,and 2013.
Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee is the wing of Indian National Congress serving in Mizoram. It is responsible for organizing and coordinating the party's activities and campaigns within the state,as well as selecting candidates for local,state,and national elections in Mizoram. The current president of the Mizoram PCC is Lal Thanzara. The committee has been a major political force in Mizoram since the formation of the state in 1987,having won several state elections and held power for long periods of time.
The North-East Democratic Alliance is a political coalition that was formed on May 24,2016,by Bharatiya Janata Party. The motive of the new political front was to unite non-Congress parties in Northeast India. Himanta Biswa Sarma was appointed as the convenor of the front.
Lal Thanzara is an Indian politician from Mizoram. He is currently serving as President of Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee. He was the member of Mizoram Legislative Assembly for Aizawl North 3. He is the former President of Mizoram Football Association.
He won Aizawl North 3 by winning 6,175 of the 10,916 votes polled. He is the brother of the former Chief Minister of Mizoram Lal Thanhawla. Touted by many as the Chief Minister in waiting,he was the Cabinet Minister for Health &Family Welfare,Information &Communication Technology,Information &Public Relations and assisted his brother the Chief Minister in Public Works Department and Power and Electricity Department in Government of Mizoram till 2018 when the General Assembly Elections were held and lost his seat in Aizawl North 3 to C. Lalmuanpuia from MNF party.
Arif Aqueel was an Indian politician and a member of the Indian National Congress party. He was the Muslim MLA from Bhopal Uttar in the state of Madhya Pradesh. He served as a Cabinet Minister,Ministry of Minority Affairs and Backward Classes,Ministry of Bhopal Gas Relief and Distribution,Ministry of Medium and Small Enterprises,Government of Madhya Pradesh. He is the only Muslim minister in Madhya Pradesh to hold this post after a gap of 15 years.
Chaudhary Rakesh Singh Chaturvedi is an Indian politician of the Indian National Congress party from Madhya Pradesh. Hailing from the Chambal region,he has been a four-time Member of Legislative Assembly of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Bhind constituency since 1990. Previously,he had served the 13th Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly as the deputy leader of the opposition and as the leader of the opposition. Prior to that,he was a minister in Chief Minister Digvijaya Singh's cabinet between 1998 and 2003.
Ashish Butail is an Indian politician,tea planter and entrepreneur. He belongs to the Indian National Congress party,and has been elected to the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Palampur since 2018. He currently serves as Chief Parliamentary Secretary in Chief Minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu’s cabinet.
Elections to the Mizoram Legislative Assembly were held in April 1984 to elect members of the 30 constituencies in Mizoram,India. The Indian National Congress emerged as the single largest party and Lal Thanhawla was appointed as the Chief Minister of Mizoram.
Elections to the Mizoram Legislative Assembly were held in November 1989 to elect members of the 40 constituencies in Mizoram,India. The Indian National Congress won the majority of seats and its leader in Mizoram,Lal Thanhawla was appointed as the Chief Minister of Mizoram;his second time in the role.
Elections to the Mizoram Legislative Assembly were held in November 1993 to elect members of the 40 constituencies in Mizoram,India. The Indian National Congress won the most seats and formed a coalition with Mizo Janata Dal,whose MLAs contested as independent candidates. The leader of Indian National Congress in Mizoram,Lal Thanhawla was appointed as the Chief Minister of Mizoram for the third time. Mizo National Front won the popular vote.
Mizoram Lokayukta is the Parliamentary Ombudsman for the state of Mizoram (India). It is a high level statutory functionary, created to address grievances of the public against ministers,legislators,administration and public servants in issues related to misuse of power,mal-administration and corruption. It was first formed under the Mizoram Lokayukta and Deputy Lokayukta Act-2014 and approved by the president of India. The passage of Lokpal and Lokayukta's Act,2013 in Parliament had become law from 16 January 2014,and requires each state to appoint its Lokayukta within a year. A bench of Lokayukta should consist of judicial and non-judicial members. An Upa-Lokayukta is a deputy to Lokayukta and assists him in his work and acts in-charge Lokayukta in case the position fells vacant before time.
The 1962 Punjab Legislative Assembly election was the Third Vidhan Sabha election of the state when the Indian National Congress emerged as the largest party with 90 seats in the 154-seat legislature in the election. The Shiromani Akali Dal became the official opposition,holding 16 seats. From 5 July 1966 to 1 November 1966,Assembly was under suspension.
Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu is an Indian politician. He is serving as the Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh. As a member of Indian National Congress,he is a 4-time and incumbent MLA from Nadaun assembly constituency of Himachal Pradesh. He was the president of the Himachal Pradesh Congress Committee from 2013 to 2019.
