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Elections in India in 1977 included Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) elections in several Indian states, including Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal.
| Party | Seats Contested | Seats Won | Seats Change | Vote Share | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Janata Party | 311 | 214 |  214 | 42.7% | |
| Indian National Congress | 286 | 57 |  110 | 23.6% | |
| Independent politician | 2206 | 24 | 7 | 23.7% | |
| Communist Party of India | 73 | 21 | 14 | 7.0% | |
| Communist Party of India | 16 | 4 | 14 | 0.9% | |
| Jharkhand Party | 31 | 2 | 1 | 0.4% | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Shoshit Samaj Dal | 26 | 1 | New | 0.8% | |
| All India Jharkhand Party | 21 | 1 | New | 0.5% | |
| Political Party | Seats contested | Seats won | Number of Votes | % of Votes | Seat change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party | 29 | 15 | 116,339 | 38.49% | 3 | |
| Indian National Congress | 27 | 10 | 87,461 | 28.94% | 9 | |
| Janata Party | 30 | 3 | 69,823 | 23.10% | 3 | |
| Independents | 57 | 2 | 28,022 | 9.27% | 1 | |
| Total | 145 | 30 | 302,237 |
 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
| Janata Party | 1,765,566 | 46.70 | 75 | |
| Indian National Congress | 648,422 | 17.15 | 3 | |
| Vishal Haryana Party | 225,478 | 5.96 | 5 | |
| Communist Party of India | 29,196 | 0.77 | 0 | |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 23,191 | 0.61 | 0 | |
| Socialist Unity Center of India | 2,916 | 0.08 | 0 | |
| Republican Party of India | 2,058 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| Republican Party of India (Khobragade) | 1,150 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| Independents | 1,082,982 | 28.64 | 7 | |
| Total | 3,780,959 | 100.00 | 90 | |
| Valid votes | 3,780,959 | 98.77 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 47,101 | 1.23 | ||
| Total votes | 3,828,060 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 5,938,821 | 64.46 | ||
| Source: ECI: [2] | ||||
| Rank | Party | Seats Contested | Seats won | % votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Janata Party | 68 | 53 | 49.01 |
| 2 | Indian National Congress | 56 | 9 | 27.32 |
| 3 | Independent | 68 | 6 | 21.10 |
| Total | 68 |
Source [3]
Elections for the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir were held in June 1977, [4] which are generally regarded as the first 'free and fair' elections in the state. [5] Jammu & Kashmir National Conference, newly revived from the former Plebiscite Front, won an overwhelming majority and re-elected Sheikh Abdullah as the Chief Minister. [6]
| Party | Seats | Alliance |
|---|---|---|
| Indian National Congress (INC) | 38 | United Front |
| Communist Party of India (CPI) | 23 | |
| Kerala Congress (KEC) | 20 | |
| Indian Union Muslim League (IUML) | 13 | |
| Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP) | 9 | |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) | 17 | Opposition |
| Bhartiya Lok Dal (BLD) | 6 | |
| All India Muslim League (Opposition) (AIML) | 3 | |
| Kerala Congress (Pillai Group) (KCP) | 2 | |
| Independent (IND) | 9 | |
| Total | 140 | |
Source: [7]
| SN | Party | Seats Contested | Seats won | Seats Changed | % Votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Janata Party | 319 | 230 | N/A | 47.28% |
| 2 | Indian National Congress (I) | 320 | 84 | -136 | 35.88% |
| 3 | Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad | 4 | 1 | N/A | 2.88% |
| 4 | Independent | 320 | 5 | -13 | 15.35% |
| Total | 320 |
 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| United Democratic Front | 127,445 | 39.21 | 35 | +10 | |
| Indian National Congress | 65,616 | 20.19 | 15 | New | |
| National Convention of Nagaland | 38,528 | 11.85 | 1 | New | |
| Independents | 93,405 | 28.74 | 9 | –3 | |
| Total | 324,994 | 100.00 | 60 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 324,994 | 98.07 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 6,407 | 1.93 | |||
| Total votes | 331,401 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 403,454 | 82.14 | |||
| Source: ECI [8] | |||||
| Party | No. of candidates | No. of elected | No. of votes | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Janata Party | 147 | 110 | 2527787 | 49.2% |
| Indian National Congress | 146 | 26 | 1594505 | 31.0% |
| Independents | 264 | 9 | 738545 | 14.4% |
| Communist Party of India | 25 | 1 | 183485 | 3.6% |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 4 | 1 | 45219 | 0.9% |
| All India Jharkhand Party | 10 | 0 | 25002 | 0.5% |
| Socialist Unity Centre of India | 6 | 0 | 18773 | 0.4% |
| Jharkhand Party | 2 | 0 | 7233 | 0.1% |
| Party | contested | Seats won | change in seats | popular vote | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shiromani Akali Dal | 70 | 58 | 34 | 17,76,602 | 31.41% | |
| Janata Party | 41 | 25 | (new) | 8,47,718 | 14.99% | |
| Indian National Congress | 96 | 17 | 49 | 18,99,534 | 33.59% | |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 8 | 8 | 7 | 1,98,144 | 3.50% | |
| Communist Party of India | 18 | 7 | 3 | 3,72,711 | 6.59% | |
| Independents | 435 | 2 | 1 | 5,41,958 | 9.58% | |
| Others | 14 | 0 | - | 18,686 | 0.33% | |
| Total [9] | 682 | 117 | 56,55,353 | |||
 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Janata Party | 4,160,373 | 50.39 | 152 | New | |
| Indian National Congress | 2,599,772 | 31.49 | 41 | –104 | |
| Communist Party of India | 91,640 | 1.11 | 1 | –3 | |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 61,682 | 0.75 | 1 | +1 | |
| Indian Union Muslim League | 21,889 | 0.27 | 0 | New | |
| Vishal Haryana Party | 1,290 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad | 320 | 0.00 | 0 | New | |
| Independents | 1,319,053 | 15.98 | 5 | –6 | |
| Total | 8,256,019 | 100.00 | 200 | +16 | |
| Valid votes | 8,256,019 | 97.89 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 177,653 | 2.11 | |||
| Total votes | 8,433,672 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 15,494,289 | 54.43 | |||
| Source: ECI [10] | |||||
The sixth legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held on June 10, 1977. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) won the election defeating its rival Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R), the AIADMK founder and a leading Tamil film actor, was sworn in as Chief Minister for the first time. The election was a four cornered contest between the AIADMK, DMK, the Indian National Congress (INC) and the Janata Party. Earlier on 17 October 1972, M.G.R had founded the AIADMK following his expulsion from the DMK after differences arose between him and DMK leader M. Karunanidhi. On 31 January 1976, Karunanidhi's government was dismissed by the central government of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi citing corruption charges against Karunanidhi and President's rule was imposed on the state. Karunanidhi had been at odds with Indira Gandhi over his opposition to Emergency and allied with Janata Party founded by Jayaprakash Narayan. Meanwhile, M.G.R had developed a close relationship with Indira Gandhi and supported the Emergency. M.G.R remained as Chief Minister until his death in 1987, winning the next two elections held in 1980 and 1984.
| Alliance/Party | Seats won | Change | Popular Vote | Vote % | Adj. %‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AIADMK+ alliance | 144 | +142 | 5,734,692 | 33.5% | ||
| AIADMK | 130 | +130 | 5,194,876 | 30.4% | 35.4% | |
| CPI(M) | 12 | +12 | 477,835 | 2.8% | 33.0% | |
| FBL | 1 | – | 35,361 | 0.2% | 62.0% | |
| IND | 1 | – | 26,620 | 0.2% | 42.9% | |
| DMK | 48 | -136 | 4,258,771 | 24.9% | ||
| DMK | 48 | -136 | 4,258,771 | 24.9% | 25.3% | |
| Congress alliance | 32 | +24 | 3,491,490 | 20.4% | ||
| INC | 27 | +27 | 2,994,535 | 17.5% | 20.8% | |
| CPI | 5 | -3 | 496,955 | 2.9% | 20.4% | |
| Janata | 10 | +10 | 2,851,884 | 16.7% | ||
| JNP | 10 | +10 | 2,851,884 | 16.7% | 16.8% | |
| Others | 1 | -7 | 751,712 | 4.4% | ||
| IND | 1 | -7 | 751,712 | 4.4% | – | |
| Total | 234 | – | 17,108,146 | 100% | – | |
‡: Vote % reflects the percentage of votes the party received compared to the entire electorate that voted in this election. Adjusted (Adj.) Vote %, reflects the % of votes the party received per constituency that they contested.
Sources: Election Commission of India [11]
| Party | Seats Contested | Seats Won | No. of Votes | % of Votes | 1972 Seats |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Communist Party of India | 10 | 0 | 6,266 | 0.84% | 1 |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 55 | 51 | 352,652 | 47.00% | 16 |
| Indian National Congress | 60 | 0 | 133,240 | 17.76% | 41 |
| Janata Party | 59 | 0 | 78,479 | 10.46% | - |
| All India Forward Bloc | 1 | 1 | 7,800 | 1.04% | 0 |
| Revolutionary Socialist Party | 2 | 2 | 12,446 | 1.66% | - |
| Proutist Bloc of India | 6 | 0 | 2,139 | 0.29% | - |
| Congress for Democracy | 59 | 0 | 66,913 | 9.08% | - |
| Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti | 28 | 4 | 59,474 | 7.93% | 0 |
| Independents | 48 | 2 | 30,862 | 4.11% | 2 |
| Total | 328 | 60 | 750,271 |
 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Janata Party | 11,351,359 | 47.76 | 352 | New | |
| Indian National Congress | 7,592,107 | 31.94 | 47 | –168 | |
| Communist Party of India | 611,450 | 2.57 | 9 | –7 | |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 136,850 | 0.58 | 1 | –1 | |
| Others | 241,821 | 1.02 | 0 | 0 | |
| Independents | 3,832,832 | 16.13 | 16 | +12 | |
| Total | 23,766,419 | 100.00 | 425 | +1 | |
| Valid votes | 23,766,419 | 98.40 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 386,237 | 1.60 | |||
| Total votes | 24,152,656 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 52,345,606 | 46.14 | |||
| Source: ECI [13] | |||||
Legislative Assembly elections were held in the Indian state of West Bengal on 14 June 1977. [14] The polls took place after the ousting of Indira Gandhi's government at the Centre. The Left Front won a landslide victory, much to the surprise of the left parties themselves. The 1977 election marked the beginning of the 34-year Left Front rule in West Bengal, with Communist Party of India (Marxist) leader Jyoti Basu leading the first Left Front cabinet.
| Party | Candidates | Seats | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left Front | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 224 | 178 | 5,080,828 | 35.46 |
| All India Forward Bloc | 36 | 25 | 750,229 | 5.24 | |
| Revolutionary Socialist Party | 23 | 20 | 536,625 | 3.74 | |
| Revolutionary Communist Party of India | 4 | 3 | 75,156 | 0.52 | |
| Marxist Forward Bloc | 3 | 3 | 58,466 | 0.41 | |
| Biplobi Bangla Congress | 2 | 1 | 35,457 | 0.25 | |
| LF independent | 1 | 1 | 32,238 | 0.22 | |
| Janata Party | 289 | 29 | 2,869,391 | 20.02 | |
| Indian National Congress (R) | 290 | 20 | 3,298,063 | 23.02 | |
| Communist Party of India | 63 | 2 | 375,560 | 2.62 | |
| Socialist Unity Centre of India | 29 | 4 | 211,752 | 1.48 | |
| Indian Union Muslim League | 32 | 1 | 54,942 | 0.38 | |
| Workers Party of India | 2 | 1 | 29,221 | 0.20 | |
| Jharkhand Party | 2 | 0 | 5,701 | 0.04 | |
| Republican Party of India | 3 | 0 | 1,652 | 0.01 | |
| All India Gorkha League | 2 | 0 | 810 | 0.01 | |
| Bharater Biplobi Communist Party | 1 | 0 | 489 | 0.00 | |
| Independents | 566 | 7 | 912,612 | 6.37 | |
| Total | 1,572 | 294 | 14,329,201 | 100 | |
| Source: ECI | |||||
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R. M. Veerappan, also referred to as RMV or Rama Veerappan, was an Indian politician, an early Dravidian Leader, and a film producer and screenwriter from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He was the founder and leader of the MGR Kazhagam party. He served as a Cabinet Minister in five governments from 1977 to 1996, was a three-time Member of Legislative Council and a two-time member of the Legislative Assembly. He was the Leader of the House for Legislative Assembly and Leader of ADMK party of the Legislative Council. He was the architect behind the ADMK organization, unified the MGR fan clubs for the party formation. He was called as the 'Chanakya' of AIADMK politics in the 70's and 80's.
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A legislative assembly election was held in the Indian union territory of Puducherry 13 April 2011 to elect members from thirty constituencies in the non-contiguous territory. This election was meant to constitute the Thirteenth Assembly of Pondicherry.
The fifth legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held in March 1971. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam was re-elected, after its first victory under the leadership of C N Annadurai in 1967. This was the first time M. Karunanidhi, contested as the leader of DMK party won the election, since he assumed Chief Ministership for the first time, after the death of C N Annadurai. Karunanidhi had emerged successfully in the leadership crisis with other party leaders M. G. Ramachandran, and Nedunchezhiyan, which ensued after the death of C. N. Annadurai. The main opposition party in the election was Indian National Congress (Organisation) led by K. Kamaraj, whereas the Indian National Congress (Indira) faction aligned with Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. This was the last election that had only 2 major parties in Tamilnadu. After the election, MGR was slowly cornered out of DMK, and finally he formed AIADMK, which has since then been the close equal of DMK.
The AIADMK-led Alliance is an Indian regional political party alliance in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry led by the Dravidian party All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam founded by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.).
The DMK-led Alliance is an Indian regional political party alliance in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry led by the Dravidian party Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam founded by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu C. N. Annadurai in 1967.
