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All 140 seats in the Kerala Legislative Assembly 71 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 79.19% ( 3.90%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Kerala, India Kerala, one of the states in South India, has an electorate of more than 21 million people. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Elections were held on 19 March 1977 to elect members to the fifth Niyamasabha. The United Front, led by INC and CPI won plurality of seats and remained in power, with K. Karunakaran as the Chief Minister. [1]
Fourth Kerala Legislative Assembly, which was elected in 1970, completed its term by 1975, but it was extended on three occasions during the Emergency. [2] Election of 1977 was the general election after the withdrawal of Emergency imposed on 26 June 1975. [3] [4]
This is the first election the 1974 delimitation of Assembly Constituencies was put to effect, [5] which increased number of seat in the assembly from 133 to 140
 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alliance | Party | Seats | |||||||
| United Front 111 | Indian National Congress (INC) | 38 | |||||||
| Communist Party of India (CPI) | 23 | ||||||||
| Kerala Congress (KEC) | 20 | ||||||||
| Indian Union Muslim League (IUML) | 13 | ||||||||
| Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP) | 9 | ||||||||
| United Front Independents | 8 | ||||||||
| Opposition 29 | Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) | 17 | |||||||
| Bharatiya Lok Dal (BLD) | 6 | ||||||||
| All India Muslim League (Opposition) (AIML) | 3 | ||||||||
| Kerala Congress (Pillai Group) (KCP) | 2 | ||||||||
| LDF Independent (IND) | 1 (Kovalam) | ||||||||
| Total | 140 | ||||||||
| Sl No. | Constituency Name | Category | Winner Candidates Name | Gender | Party | Vote | Runner-up Candidates Name | Gender | Party | vote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Manjeshwar | GEN | M. Ramappa | M | CPI | 25709 | H. Shankara Alva | M | BLD | 21100 |
| 2 | Kasaragod | GEN | T. A. Ibrahim | M | MUL | 29402 | B. M. Abdul Rehiman | M | MLO | 22619 |
| 2 2 | Kasaragod | GEN | B. M. A. Rahiman | M | MLO | 22419 | C. T. A. Ali | M | MUL | 21269 |
| 3 | Udma | GEN | N. K. Balakrishnan | M | United Front IND | 31690 | K. G. Marar | M | BLD | 28145 |
| 4 | Hosdrug | (SC) | K. T. Kumaran | M | CPI | 34683 | M. Raghavan | M | CPM | 32578 |
| 5 | Trikaripur | GEN | P. Karunakaran | M | CPM | 38632 | P. T. Jose | M | KEC | 32512 |
| 6 | Irikkur | GEN | C. P. Govindan Nambiar | M | INC | 34889 | Sabastian Vettam | M | KCP | 27741 |
| 7 | Payyannur | GEN | N. Subramoniya Shenoy | M | CPM | 37256 | T. C. Bharathan | M | IND | 32209 |
| 8 | Taliparamba | GEN | M. V. Raghavan | M | CPM | 36829 | K. Narayanan Nambiar | M | IND | 35304 |
| 9 | Azhikode | GEN | Chatayan Govindan | M | CPM | 32548 | C. C. Abdul Halim | M | MUL | 26712 |
| 10 | kannur | GEN | P. Bhaskaran | M | BLD | 31391 | N. K. Kumaran | M | INC | 30701 |
| 11 | Edakkad | GEN | P. P. V. Moosa | M | MLO | 34266 | N. Ramakrishnan | M | INC | 30947 |
| 12 | thalassery | GEN | Pattiam Gopalan | M | CPM | 38419 | N. C. Mammootty | M | CPI | 29946 |
| 12 2 | thalassery | GEN | M.V.Rajagopalan | M | CPM | 44457 | K.Sreedharan | M | CPI | 23799 |
| 13 | Peringalam | GEN | P. R. Karup | M | INC | 33916 | V. K. Achuthan | M | BLD | 31958 |
| 14 | Kuthuparamba | GEN | Pinarayi Vijayan | M | CPM | 34465 | Abdulkadar | M | RSP | 30064 |
| 15 | Peravoor | GEN | K. P. Noorudeen | M | INC | 36449 | E. P. Krishnan Nambiar | M | CPM | 31465 |
| 16 | North Wynad | (ST) | M. V. Rajan | M | INC | 32589 | A. Gopalan | M | CPM | 24288 |
| 17 | Vatakara | GEN | K. Chandrasekharan | M | BLD | 37543 | P. Vijayan | M | INC | 34998 |
| 18 | Nadapuram | GEN | Kandalottu Kunhambu | M | CPI | 37391 | E. V. Kumaran | M | CPM | 30321 |
| 19 | Meppayur | GEN | Panarath Kunhimohammed | M | MUL | 40642 | A. V. Abdurahiman Haji | M | MLO | 34808 |
| 20 | Quilandy | GEN | E. Narayanan Nair | M | INC | 39581 | E. Rajagopalan Nair | M | BLD | 35074 |
| 21 | Perambra | GEN | K. C. Joseph | M | KEC | 35694 | V. V. Dakshinamoorthy | M | CPM | 34921 |
| 22 | Balusseri | GEN | P. K. Sankarankutty | M | BLD | 33960 | Puthoor Ramakrishnan Nair | M | INC | 32413 |
| 23 | Koduvally | GEN | E. Ahammad | M | MUL | 39241 | K. Moosakutty | M | CPM | 31206 |
| 24 | Calicut- I | GEN | N. Chandrasekhara Kurup | M | CPM | 37249 | P. V. Sankaranarayanan | M | INC | 35476 |
| 25 | Calicut- II | GEN | P. M. Aboobacker | M | MLO | 33531 | S. V. Usmankoya | M | MUL | 32433 |
| 26 | Beypore | GEN | N. P. Moideen | M | INC | 35374 | K. Chathunni Master | M | CPM | 33178 |
| 27 | Kunnamangalam | (SC) | K. P. Raman | M | MLO | 30289 | P. K. Kannan | M | CPI | 28601 |
| 28 | Thiruvambady | GEN | P. Cyriac John | M | INC | 29835 | E. T. Mohammed Basheer | M | MLO | 26454 |
| 29 | Kalpetta | GEN | K. G. Adiyodi | M | INC | 28713 | M. P. Veerandrakumar | M | BLD | 26608 |
| 30 | Sultan'S Battery | (ST) | K. Raghavan Master | M | INC | 29204 | Nidyachery Vasu | M | BLD | 24213 |
| 31 | Wandoor | (SC) | V. Eacharan | M | INC | 35369 | K. Gopalan | M | BLD | 22079 |
| 32 | Nilambur | GEN | Aryadan Muhammed | M | INC | 35410 | K. Saidali Kutty | M | CPM | 27695 |
| 33 | Manjeri | GEN | M. P. M Abdulla Kurikkal | M | MUL | 43626 | K. A. Quader | M | MLO | 16807 |
| 34 | Malappuram | GEN | C. H. Mohammed Koya | M | MUL | 39362 | T. K. S. A. Muthukoyathangal | M | MLO | 15724 |
| 35 | Kondotty | GEN | P. Seethi Haji | M | MUL | 41731 | M. C. Muhammed | M | MLO | 20159 |
| 36 | Tirurangadi | GEN | Avakader Kutty Naha | M | MUL | 40540 | T. P. Kunhalan Kutty | M | IND | 21479 |
| 37 | Tanur | GEN | U. A. Beeran | M | MUL | 42886 | C. M. Kutty | M | MLO | 12158 |
| 38 | Tirur | GEN | P. T. Kunhimuhammed ( Kunhukutty Hajee ) | M | MUL | 41675 | K. Moideen Kutty Haji ( K. Bava Haji ) | M | MLO | 26127 |
| 39 | Ponnani | GEN | M. P. Gangadharan | M | INC | 38083 | E. K. Imbichi Bava | M | CPM | 28334 |
| 40 | Kuttippuram | GEN | Chakeri Ahmedkutty | M | MUL | 36367 | K. Moidu | M | MLO | 12023 |
| 41 | Mankada | GEN | Korambayil Ahammed Haji | M | MUL | 33597 | Cherukoya Thangal | M | MLO | 26207 |
| 42 | Perinthalmanna | GEN | K. K. S. Thangal | M | MUL | 32356 | Paloli Muhammed Kutty | M | CPM | 24751 |
| 43 | Thrithala | GEN | K. Sankaranarayanan | M | INC | 34012 | P. P. Krishnan | M | CPM | 24288 |
| 44 | Pattambi | GEN | E. P. Gopalan | M | CPI | 30659 | Devaki Warrier | F | CPM | 26072 |
| 45 | Ottapalam | GEN | P. Balan | M | INC | 30937 | K. P. Unni | M | CPM | 24120 |
| 46 | Sreekrishnapuram | GEN | K. Sukumaranunni | M | INC | 32071 | C. Govinda Panicker | M | CPM | 28136 |
| 47 | Mannarkkad | GEN | A. N. Yusuff | M | CPI | 30563 | C. S. Gangadharan | M | CPM | 23854 |
| 48 | Malampuzha | GEN | P. V. Kunhikannan | M | CPM | 27122 | C. M. Chandrasekharan | M | RSP | 22696 |
| 49 | Palghat | GEN | C. M. Sundaram | M | United Front IND | 30160 | R. Krishnan | M | CPM | 27357 |
| 50 | Chittur | GEN | P. Sankar | M | CPI | 28698 | K. A. Sivarama Bharathy | M | BLD | 21121 |
| 51 | Kollengode | GEN | C. Vasudeva Menon | M | CPM | 29303 | K. V. Narayanan | M | CPI | 28865 |
| 52 | Coyalmannam | (SC) | M. K. Krishnan | M | CPM | 34798 | N. Subbayyan | M | INC | 29570 |
| 53 | Alathur | GEN | E. M. S. Namboodiripad | M | CPM | 31424 | V. S. Vijayaraghavan | M | INC | 29425 |
| 54 | Chelakara | (SC) | K. K. Balakrishnan | M | INC | 34460 | K. S. Sankaran | M | CPM | 24525 |
| 55 | Wadakkanchery | GEN | K. S. Narayanan Namboodiri | M | INC | 37783 | A. S. N. Nambisan | M | CPM | 25725 |
| 56 | Kunnamkulam | GEN | K. P. Viswanathan | M | INC | 35230 | T. K. Krishnan | M | CPM | 29889 |
| 57 | Cherpu | GEN | K. P. Prabhakaran | M | CPI | 33526 | I. M. Velayudhan | M | IND | 29007 |
| 58 | Trichur | GEN | K. J. George | M | BLD | 32335 | P. A. Antony | M | INC | 28185 |
| 59 | Ollur | GEN | P. R. Francis | M | INC | 30931 | Adv. P. K. Asokan | M | CPM | 29845 |
| 60 | Kodakara | GEN | Lonappan Nambadan | M | KEC | 30569 | T. P. Sitaraman | M | BLD | 29119 |
| 61 | Chalakudi | GEN | P. K. Ittoop | M | KCP | 33581 | P. P. George | M | INC | 25968 |
| 62 | Mala | GEN | K. Karunakaran | M | INC | 34699 | Paul Kokkat | M | CPM | 25233 |
| 63 | Irinjalakuda | GEN | Sidharthan Kattungal | M | INC | 33377 | John Manjooran | M | IND | 31243 |
| 64 | Manalur | GEN | N. I. Devassykutty | M | INC | 32314 | M. G. Jayachandran | M | IND | 24986 |
| 65 | Guruvayoor | GEN | B. V. Seethi Thangal | M | MUL | 34063 | V. M. Sulaiman | M | MLO | 20071 |
| 66 | Nattika | GEN | P. K. Gopalakrishnan | M | CPI | 32917 | V. K. Gopinathan | M | BLD | 24711 |
| 67 | Kodungallur | GEN | V. K. Rajan | M | CPI | 32159 | P. V. Abdul Kader | M | IND | 24048 |
| 68 | Ankamali | GEN | A. P. Kurian | M | CPM | 36261 | P. P. Thankachan | M | INC | 35700 |
| 69 | Vadakkekara | GEN | T. K. Abdu | M | CPM | 30498 | K. C. Mathew | M | CPI | 29541 |
| 70 | Parur | GEN | Xavier Arakkal | M | INC | 29644 | Varkey Painandar | M | IND | 24733 |
| 71 | Narakkal | (SC) | T. A. Paraman | M | RSP | 30985 | S. Vasu | M | CPM | 28795 |
| 72 | Ernakulam | GEN | A. L. Jacob | M | INC | 33367 | Alexander Parambithara | M | BLD | 31643 |
| 73 | Mattancherry | GEN | K. J. Harschel | M | BLD | 29543 | A. A. Kochunny | M | INC | 25348 |
| 74 | Palluruthy | GEN | Eapen Varghese | M | KEC | 32479 | M. M. Lawrence | M | CPM | 30638 |
| 75 | Thrippunithura | GEN | T. K. Ramakrishnan | M | CPM | 35754 | K. M. Ramsakunju | M | MUL | 30009 |
| 76 | Alwaye | GEN | T. H. Musthafa | M | INC | 37017 | M. P. M. Japherkhan | M | MLO | 36259 |
| 77 | Perumbavoor | GEN | P. R. Sivan | M | CPM | 34133 | P. I. Poulose | M | INC | 32386 |
| 78 | Kunnathunad | GEN | P. R. Esthose | M | CPM | 31126 | Paul P. Mani | M | INC | 28436 |
| 79 | Piravom | GEN | T. M. Jacob | M | KEC | 35598 | Alunkal Devassy | M | BLD | 29868 |
| 80 | Muvattupuzha | GEN | P. C. Joseph | M | KEC | 32994 | Sunny Mannathukaran | M | KCP | 28349 |
| 81 | Kothamangalam | GEN | M. V. Mani | M | KEC | 34523 | M. E. Kuriakose | M | KCP | 31432 |
| 82 | Thodupuzha | GEN | P. J. Joseph | M | KEC | 38294 | A. C. Chacko | M | KCP | 24386 |
| 83 | Devicolam | (SC) | Kittappanarayanaswamy | M | INC | 27348 | G. Varadan | M | CPM | 18949 |
| 84 | Idukki | GEN | V. T. Sebastian | M | KEC | 23244 | Johan Thomas Moolapparampil | M | IND | 14071 |
| 85 | Udumbanchola | GEN | Thomas Joseph | M | KEC | 29083 | M. Ginadevan | M | CPM | 20843 |
| 86 | Peermade | GEN | C. A. Kuriyan | M | CPI | 27360 | K. S. Krishnan | M | CPM | 20013 |
| 87 | Kanjirappally | GEN | K. V. Kurian | M | KEC | 32207 | Eapen Jacob | M | KCP | 28227 |
| 88 | Vazhoor | GEN | K. Narayana Kurup | M | KEC | 37391 | K. M. Sadasivan Nair | M | CPM | 17356 |
| 89 | Changanacherry | GEN | Joseph Chacko | M | KEC | 31960 | Mathew Mullakupadem | M | KCP | 19481 |
| 90 | Kottayam | GEN | P. P. George | M | CPI | 35683 | M. Thomas | M | CPM | 32107 |
| 91 | Ettumanoor | GEN | P. B. R. Pillai | M | BLD | 23795 | M. C. Abraham | M | INC | 23553 |
| 92 | Puthuppally | GEN | Oommen Chandy | M | INC | 40376 | P. C. Cherian | M | BLD | 24466 |
| 93 | Poonjar | GEN | V. J. Joseph | M | KEC | 34770 | P. I. Devasia | M | KCP | 21065 |
| 94 | Palai | GEN | K. M. Mani | M | KEC | 39664 | N. C. Joseph | M | IND | 24807 |
| 95 | Kaduthuruthy | GEN | O. Lukose | M | KEC | 38403 | K. K. Joseph | M | CPM | 25652 |
| 96 | Vaikom | (SC) | M. K. Kesavan | M | CPI | 39711 | K. G. Bhaskaran | M | CPM | 24770 |
| 97 | Aroor | GEN | P. S. Sreenivasan | M | CPI | 39643 | K. R. Gouri | F | CPM | 30048 |
| 98 | Sherthala | GEN | M. K. Raghavan | M | INC | 37767 | N. P. Thandar | M | CPM | 26007 |
| 99 | Mararikulam | GEN | A. V. Thamarakshan | M | RSP | 39094 | P. K. Chandrandan | M | CPM | 34748 |
| 100 | Alleppey | GEN | P. K. Vasudevan Nair | M | CPI | 35301 | Joseph Matahn | M | BLD | 25631 |
| 101 | Ambalapuzha | GEN | K. K. Kumara Pillai | M | RSP | 32056 | V. S. Achuthanandan | M | CPM | 26471 |
| 102 | Kuttanad | GEN | Eappen Kandakudy | M | KEC | 34161 | K.P. Joseph | M | CPM | 27014 |
| 103 | Haripad | GEN | G.P. Mangalathu Madaom | M | United Front IND | 33037 | C.B.C. Warrier | M | CPM | 30118 |
| 104 | Kayamkulam | GEN | Thundathie Kunjukrishna Pillai | M | INC | 29742 | P.A. Haris P.K. Kunju | M | BLD | 24655 |
| 105 | Thiruvalla | GEN | E. John Jacob | M | KEC | 31548 | John Jacob Vallakkalil | M | KCP | 24573 |
| 105 2 | Thiruvalla | GEN | P.C.T.Painummoottil | M | JNP | 30552 | J.J.Vallakkalil | M | KEC | 24863 |
| 106 | Kallooppara | GEN | T.S. John | M | KEC | 33967 | E.K. Kuriakose | M | KCP | 17173 |
| 107 | Aranmula | GEN | M.K. Hemachandran | M | INC | 35482 | P.N. Chandrasenan | M | IND | 21127 |
| 108 | Chengannur | GEN | Thakappan Pillai | M | United Front IND | 33909 | K.R. Saraswathi Amma | F | KCP | 27356 |
| 109 | Mavelikara | GEN | Bhaskaran Nair | M | United front IND | 35103 | S. Govinda Kurup | M | CPM | 26310 |
| 110 | Pandalam | (SC) | Damodaran Kalassery | M | INC | 36938 | V. Kesavan | M | CPM | 31764 |
| 111 | Ranni | GEN | K.A. Mathew | M | KEC | 32530 | F. Thomas Kuttikayam | M | KCP | 23235 |
| 112 | Pathanamthitta | GEN | George Mathew | M | KEC | 34853 | K.K. Nair | M | IND | 30686 |
| 113 | Konni | GEN | P.J. Thomas | M | INC | 30714 | R.C. Unnithan | M | CPM | 30277 |
| 114 | Pathanapuram | GEN | E.K. Pillai | M | CPI | 30927 | A. George | M | KCP | 30136 |
| 115 | Punalur | GEN | P.K. Sreenjvasan | M | CPI | 33870 | V. Bharathan | M | CPM | 30668 |
| 116 | Chadayamangalam | GEN | Chandrasekharan Nair | M | CPI | 31906 | N. Sundaresan | M | CPM | 20219 |
| 117 | Kottarakkara | GEN | R. Balakrishan Pillai | M | KCP | 37253 | Kottara Gopalkrishan | M | INC | 23098 |
| 118 | Neduvathur | (SC) | Bhargavi Thankappan | F | CPI | 33941 | Vettikavala Kochukunju | M | BLD | 22019 |
| 119 | Adoor | GEN | Thennala Balakrishna Pillai | M | INC | 31214 | Mathew Muthalali | M | KCP | 23826 |
| 120 | Kunnathur | (SC) | Kallada Narayanan | M | RSP | 43347 | C.K. Thankappan | M | CPM | 25103 |
| 121 | Karunagappally | GEN | P. M. Sheriff | M | CPI | 29739 | C.P. Karunnakaran Pillai | M | CPM | 24255 |
| 122 | Chavara | GEN | Baby John | M | RSP | 36892 | A. Noorundin Kunju | M | IND | 17583 |
| 123 | Kundara | GEN | A. A. Rahim | M | INC | 29758 | V. V. Joseph | M | IND | 29362 |
| 124 | Quilon | GEN | Thyagarajan | M | RSP | 37065 | N. Padmalochanan | M | CPM | 24049 |
| 125 | Eravipuram | GEN | R. S. Unni | M | RSP | 39119 | R. M. Parameswaran | M | IND | 22666 |
| 126 | Chathanoor | GEN | J. Chitharanjan | M | CPI | 38787 | Varinja Vasu Pillai | M | BLD | 20016 |
| 127 | Varkala | GEN | T. A. Majeed | M | CPI | 25210 | Shamsuddin | M | BLD | 18991 |
| 128 | Attingal | GEN | Vakkam Purushothaman | M | INC | 32452 | Varkala Radhakrishnan | M | CPM | 23892 |
| 129 | Kilimanoor | (SC) | P. K. Chathan Master | M | CPI | 32242 | C. K. Balakrishnan | M | CPM | 31412 |
| 130 | Vamanapuram | GEN | N. Vasudevan Pillai | M | CPM | 31463 | M. Kunju Krishnan Pillai | M | INC | 29071 |
| 131 | Ariyanad | GEN | K. C. Vamadevan | M | RSP | 26100 | Thakidi Krishanan Nair | M | BLD | 18908 |
| 132 | Nedumangad | GEN | Kaniapuram Ramachandran Nair | M | CPI | 34731 | R. Sundaresan Nair | M | IND | 23992 |
| 133 | Kazhakuttam | GEN | Thlaekunnil Basheer | M | INC | 37014 | A. Essuddin | M | MLO | 22637 |
| 133 | Kazhakuttam | GEN | A.K. Antony | M | INC | 38463 | P. Sreedharan Nair | M | CPM- Ind. | 29794 |
| 134 | Trivandrum North | GEN | K. Raveendran Nair | M | United Front IND | 31971 | S. Dharmarajan | M | CPM | 25806 |
| 135 | Trivandrum West | GEN | K. Pankajakshan | M | RSP | 31224 | S.M. Noohu | M | BLD | 20301 |
| 136 | Trivandrum East | GEN | P. Narayanan Nair | M | United Front IND | 33405 | J. Saradamma | F | CPM | 22802 |
| 136 1 | Trivandrum | GEN | K.Anirudhan | M | CPM | 23891 | P.K.Pillai | M | IND | 22106 |
| 137 | Nemom | GEN | S. Varadarajan Nair | M | INC | 32063 | Pallichal Sadasivan | M | CPM | 25142 |
| 138 | Kovalam | GEN | A. Neellalohithadasan Nadar | M | Left IND | 32549 | N. Sakthan | M | KEC | 28435 |
| 139 | Neyyattinkara | GEN | R. Sundaresan Nair | M | United Front IND | 30372 | R. Parameswaran | M | CPM | 24678 |
| 140 | Parassala | GEN | M. Kunjukrishnan Nadar | M | INC | 34485 | M. Sathyanesan | M | CPM | 21084 |
| 140 2 | Parassala | GEN | M.Sahyanesan | M | CPM | 27986 | M. S. Nadar | M | INC(I) | 20657 |
| 1 Bye-poll on 1978 |
| 2 Bye-poll on 1979 |
On 25 March, K. Karunakaran of Congress sworn as Chief Minister. However, Karunakaran had to resign within a month over the controversial death of Left-leaning engineering student Rajan, who was tortured during the Emergency when he was the Home Minister. [8] [9] Then 15 member ministry under the leadership of A.K. Antony assumed office on 27 April 1977. When Congress split in January 1978, Karunakaran joined the new Indira Congress, and A K Antony continued with the 'main' Congress, which was variously known as Congress (Urs), Congress (Socialist). Antony resigned as Chief Minister in late 1978 when his Congress faction decided to support Indira Gandhi in Chickmagalur bye-election. CPI and Congress also drifted apart. Though the ruling alliance had won nearly 80% seats in the election, it became unstable, and the assembly lasted less than 3 years.
K. Karunakaran's ministry holds the record for ministry which served the shortest term [10]
The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated as CPI(M)) is a communist political party in India. It is the largest communist party in India in terms of membership and electoral seats, and one of the national parties of India. The party was founded through a splitting from the Communist Party of India in 1964 and it quickly became the dominant faction.
Kannoth Karunakaran was an Indian politician who served as the chief minister of Kerala in 1977, from 1981 to March 1982, from May 1982 to 1987 and from 1991 to 1995. He is the founder of the Indian National Congress (INC)-led United Democratic Front (UDF) coalition, which governed the state in the periods of 1982-87, 1991-96, 2001-06 and 2011-16; and currently is the main opposition in Kerala since 2016. He has also served as the Union Minister of Industry from 1995 to 1996 and served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Kerala Legislative Assembly for four terms- 1967 to 1969, 1978 to 1979, 1980 to 1981 and 1987 to 1991. He also has the distinction of being one of the longest serving Congress Legislature Party (CLP) Leaders in the country, holding that post from 1967 to 1995.
Arackaparambil Kurien Antony is an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the Minister of Defence of India from 2006 to 2014. He previously served as the 6th Chief Minister of Kerala from 1977 to 1978, 1995 to 1996 and again from 2001 to 2004. He currently serves as the Chairman of the Disciplinary Action Committee of the All India Congress Committee, Congress Working Committee, and member of the Congress Core Group and Central Election Committee.
Padayatt Kesavapillai Vasudevan Nair, popularly known as PKV, was an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the 7th Chief Minister of Kerala from 1978 to 1979. He was a Member of the Lok Sabha from 1957 to 1971 and again from 2004 until his death in 2005. He became Chief Minister on 29 October 1978, following A. K. Antony's resignation as Chief Minister. However he resigned on 7 October 1979 owing to differences with other parties in the United Front. He served in the Kerala Legislative Assembly from 1977 to 1982. Nair was a senior member of the Communist Party of India.
Palathinal Joseph Joseph is an Indian politician from Kerala Congress serving as the Member of the Legislative Assembly from Thodupuzha Assembly Constituency in Kerala.
The United Democratic Front (UDF) is the Indian National Congress-led alliance of centre to centre-right political parties in the Indian state of Kerala. It is one of the two major political alliances in Kerala, the other being Communist Party of India (Marxist)-led Left Democratic Front, each of which has been in power alternately since 1980 E. K. Nayanar ministry. Most of the United Democratic Front constituents are members of the Indian National Congress-led Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance at pan-India level.
Pinarayi Vijayan is an Indian politician who serves as the Chief Minister of Kerala since 25 May 2016. A member of the politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), he is the longest-serving secretary of the Kerala State Committee of the CPI(M) (1998–2015). He has also served as Minister of Electric Power and Co-operatives during the third E. K. Nayanar ministry. Vijayan won a seat in the May 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election and 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election as the CPI(M) candidate for Dharmadom constituency and was selected as the leader of the Left Democratic Front (LDF) and became the 12th Chief Minister of Kerala. He is the first chief minister from Kerala to be re-elected after completing a full term in office. In 2022, he also became the longest-continuous serving chief minister of Kerala surpassing C. Achutha Menon who had been the first to remain in office for 2364 consecutive days.
Ramesh Chennithala,, , is an Indian politician, and a permanent invitee to Working Committee of the Indian National Congress. He was the Leader of the Opposition in the 14th Kerala Legislative Assembly. He also served as the state Home Minister in the Government of Kerala for two years. He holds the record of the youngest minister in Kerala at the age of 28.
Kerala is an Indian state, where federal legislative power is vested in the unicameral Kerala Legislative Assembly. The multilateral system has, since 1956, been dominated by the several pre-poll and post-poll alliances.
Kannoth Muraleedharan is an Indian National Congress politician. He was the MP from Vatakara, Kerala. He lost the 2024 Lok Sabha election from Thrissur constituency. He is the son of Congress leader K. Karunakaran. He was elected as an MP from Kozhikode constituency and from Vatakara constituency (2019). He was elected as an MLA from Vattiyoorkkavu constituency.
V. M. Sudheeran is an Indian politician, who was a former President of the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee (KPCC), former Speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly, Health Minister of Kerala, and a prominent political leader in Kerala. He was a member of the 6th, 11th, 12th and 13th Lok Sabha representing Alappuzha each time and a member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly from 1980 to 1996 representing Manalur.
The Kerala Legislative Assembly election of 1967 was held to constitute the fourth assembly in Kerala.
Shri. K.K. Balakrishnan, senior Congress leader, He was a minister in various governments led by K. Karunakaran and A. K. Antony. He represented Chalakkudy, Chelakkara, Thrithala constituencies in different Kerala Legislative Assemblies. He was a minister in the Government of Kerala, holding various portfolios including Irrigation, Transport, Devaswom and Harijan welfare.
United Front, known until 1971 as Mini Front (1970–1971) and as Maxi Front (1971–1979) thereafter, was a coalition of political parties in Kerala state, India, which was the ruling combine in the state from 1970 to 1979. The coalition was formed by five political parties immediately before the 1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election. It saw the inclusion a few other parties in the following years.
The Fifth Kerala Legislative Assembly Council of Ministers in K. Karunakaran's first ministry, was a Kerala Council of Ministers, the executive wing of Kerala state government, led by Indian National Congress leader K. Karunakaran from 25 March 1977 to 25 April 1977. It comprised 15 ministers, all belonging to the United Front.
Kerala's major political parties are aligned under two coalitions, namely the Left Democratic Front (LDF) and the United Democratic Front (UDF) since the late 1970s. Kerala was the first Indian state to have coalition government as early as 1961 .
The 1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election was held on 18 June 1991 to elect members to the Niyamasabha. The incumbent LDF government, which was in power from 1987, decided to seek a fresh mandate one year ahead of the expiry of its term. The decision was prompted by the announcement of the elections to the Lok Sabha and the Front's good showing in the elections to the local bodies held in the previous year.
Elections were held on 1980 January 3 and 5 to elect members to the sixth Niyamasabha. This election saw the formation of two pre-poll alliances, viz. LDF and UDF, most of whose constituent parties were part of the erstwhile United Front. CPI(M)-led LDF to win the election, after winning 93 seats altogether. E. K. Nayanar was sworn in as the Chief Minister on 26 March 1980
The 1984 Indian general election were held to elect 20 members to the eighth Lok Sabha from Kerala. Indian National Congress (INC)-led United Democratic Front (UDF) won 18 seats while Left Democratic Front (LDF), led by Communist Party of India (Marxist) won just 2 seats. Turnout for the election was at 77.12% In the Lok Sabha, INC won by a landslide and its leader Rajiv Gandhi went on to become the Prime Minister of India.
The 1980 Parliamentary Election was a mid-term election held following the collapse of the Janata Party led governments led by Prime Ministers Morarji Desai and Charan Singh. It was also the first election that the Indian National Congress fought from the opposition. The party had suffered a split, with the faction led by former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi asserting its electoral popularity by winning 353 seats and forming a majority government of its own..
