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All 126 seats in the Kerala Legislative Assembly 64 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 65.49% | |||||||||||||||||||||
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The Kerala Legislative Assembly election of 1957 was the first assembly election in the Indian state of Kerala. The Communist Party of India won the election with 60 seats. The election led to the formation of first democratically elected communist government in India. [1]
On 1 November 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Kerala was formed by the merger of Travancore-Cochin state with the Malabar district (including Fort Cochin and the Laccadive Islands) of Madras State, Kasaragod taluk of the South Canara district and the Amindive Islands. The southern part of Travancore-Cochin, the five taluks of Agastheeswaram, Thovala, Kalkulam, Vilavahcode, and Shencotta, were transferred from Travancore-Cochin to the Madras State. [2] After the reorganization, the assembly constituencies increased from 106 with 117 seats in 1954 to 114 with 126 seats in 1957.
Following the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the Malabar District of Madras state merged with Travancore-Cochin to form the new state of Kerala on 1 November 1956. The merger helped the Communist Party of India to increase their base in the region. [3] The ruling Indian National Congress lost the prominence due to the factionalism within the party.[ citation needed ] Furthermore, communalism and struggles against feudalism played a major role. [3] [4]
The Election Commission of India conducted elections to the newly created state between 28 February – 11 March 1957. [5] The elections were held to the 126 seats (114 constituencies) including 12 two member constituencies of which 11 and one reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes respectively, in which 406 candidates were contested. The voter turnout was 65.49%. [6]
The result of the elections listed below:
 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Flag | Seats Contested | Won | % of Seats | Votes | Vote % | Vote % in contested seats | ||
| Indian National Congress |  | 124 | 43 | 34.13 | 2,209,251 | 37.85 | 38.1 | ||
| Communist Party of India |  | 101 | 60 | 47.62 | 2,059,547 | 35.28 | 40.57 | ||
| Praja Socialist Party | 65 | 9 | 7.14 | 628,261 | 10.76 | 17.48 | |||
| Revolutionary Socialist Party | 28 | 0 | 188,553 | 3.23 | 11.12 | ||||
| Independent politician | 86 | 14 | 11.11 | 751,965 | 12.88 | N/A | |||
| Total seats | 126 | Voters | 89,13,247 | Turnout | 58,37,577 (65.49%) | ||||
In the election, five women candidates were elected out of nine candidates. [6] [8]
| Assembly Constituency | Winner | Runner | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Constituency Name | Category | Name | Party | Vote | Name | Party | Vote | ||
| 1 | Parassala | GEN | Kunjukrishnan Nadar M. | INC | 16,742 | Krishna Pillai K | PSP | 8,338 | ||
| 2 | Neyyattinkara | GEN | Janardhanan Nair O. | CPI | 18,812 | Krishna Pillai N. K. | PSP | 16,558 | ||
| 3 | Vilappil | GEN | Sreedhar G. Ponnara | PSP | 18,221 | Surendranath K. V. | CPI | 14,278 | ||
| 4 | Nemom | GEN | Sadasivan A. | CPI | 15,998 | Viswambharan P. | PSP | 14,159 | ||
| 5 | Trivandrum I | GEN | Eapan E. P. | PSP | 15,466 | Krishnan Nair K. | Independent | 13,418 | ||
| 6 | Trivandrum II | GEN | Thanu Pillai A. | PSP | 21,816 | Anirudhan K. | CPI | 17,082 | ||
| 7 | Ullur | GEN | Sreedharan V. | CPI | 16,904 | Alikunju Sastri M. | PSP | 14,182 | ||
| 8 | Arianad | GEN | Balakrishna Pillai R. | CPI | 16,728 | Kesavan Nair R. | INC | 6,987 | ||
| 9 | Nedumangad | GEN | Neelakandaru Pandarathil N. | CPI | 20,553 | Somasekharan Nair K | PSP | 7,888 | ||
| 10 | Attingal | GEN | Prakasam R. | CPI | 24,328 | Gopala Pillai | PSP | 11,151 | ||
| 11 | Varkala | (SC) | Abdul Majeed T. A. | CPI | 41,683 | Sivadasan K. | CPI | 31,454 | ||
| 12 | Eravipuram | GEN | Raveendran | CPI | 19,122 | Kunju Sankara Pillai V. | PSP | 8,762 | ||
| 13 | Quilon | GEN | A. A. Rahim | INC | 20,367 | Divakaran T. K | RSP | 12,571 | ||
| 14 | Thrikkadavur | (SC) | Karunakaran K. | CPI | 33,782 | T. Krishnan | INC | 32,596 | ||
| 15 | Karunagappally | GEN | Kunjukrishnan P. | INC | 13,709 | P. K. Kunju | PSP | 13,063 | ||
| 16 | Krishnapuram | GEN | Karthikeyan G. | CPI | 23,963 | Sekhara Panicker K. | INC | 14,493 | ||
| 17 | Kayamkulam | GEN | Aysha Bai K. O. | CPI | 27,067 | Sarojini | INC | 13,138 | ||
| 18 | Karthigapally | GEN | Sugathan R. | CPI | 20,978 | Velu Pillai G. | INC | 14,887 | ||
| 19 | Haripad | GEN | Ramakrishna Pillai V. | Independent | 20,184 | K. Balagangadharan | INC | 15,812 | ||
| 20 | Mavelikara | GEN | Kunjachan P. K. | CPI | 44,630 | K. C. George | CPI | 39,617 | ||
| 21 | Kunnathur | (SC) | Madhavan Pillai P. R. | CPI | 41,569 | Govindan R. | CPI | 37,321 | ||
| 22 | Kottarakkara | (SC) | Chandrasekharan Nair E. | CPI | 23,298 | Ramachandran Nair K. | INC | 14,307 | ||
| 23 | Chadayamangalam | GEN | Bhargavan K. | CPI | 19,375 | Abdul Majeed M. | PSP | 9,143 | ||
| 24 | Pathanapuram | GEN | Rajagopalan Nair | CPI | 24,499 | Kuttan Pillai K. | INC | 14,440 | ||
| 25 | Punalur | GEN | Gopalan P. | CPI | 20,455 | Kunjuraman Assan K. | INC | 16,366 | ||
| 26 | Ranni | GEN | Idicula | INC | 23,308 | Thomas Mathew | Independent | 20,722 | ||
| 27 | Pathanamthitta | GEN | Bhaskara Pillai P. | CPI | 29,001 | Chacko (Geevarghese) N. G. | INC | 21,353 | ||
| 28 | Aranmula | GEN | Gopinathan Pillai K. | INC | 18,895 | Vasudevan N. C. | CPI | 18,630 | ||
| 29 | Kallooppara | GEN | M. M. Mathai | INC | 17,874 | N. T. George | CPI | 10,843 | ||
| 30 | Thiruvalla | GEN | G. Padmanabhan Thampi | CPI | 22,978 | Kuruvila Thomas T. | INC | 20,347 | ||
| 31 | Chengannur | GEN | Sankaranarayanan Thampi R. | CPI | 19,538 | Saraswathi Amma K. | INC | 13,546 | ||
| 32 | Alleppey | GEN | Thomas T. V. | CPI | 26,542 | Nafeesa Beevi A. | INC | 22,278 | ||
| 33 | Mararikulam | GEN | Sadasivan C. G. | CPI | 28,153 | Joseph Mathen | INC | 18,350 | ||
| 34 | Sherthala | GEN | K. R. Gouri | CPI | 26,088 | A. Subramonian Pillai | INC | 22,756 | ||
| 35 | Aroor | GEN | P. S. Karthikeyan | INC | 23,956 | Avira Tharakan | Independent | 22,296 | ||
| 36 | Thakazhi | GEN | Thomas John | INC | 21,940 | Varghese Vaidlian T. K. | CPI | 16,480 | ||
| 37 | Changanacherry | GEN | Kalyanakrishnan Nair M. | CPI | 22,539 | Raghavan Pillai P. | INC | 19,693 | ||
| 38 | Vazhoor | GEN | Chacko P. T. | INC | 20,102 | Raghava Kurup N. | CPI | 20,022 | ||
| 39 | Kanjirappally | GEN | Thomas K. T. | INC | 14,896 | Joseph | PSP | 12,893 | ||
| 40 | Puthuppally | GEN | P. C. Cherian | INC | 20,396 | George E. M. | CPI | 19,000 | ||
| 41 | Kottayam | GEN | Bhaskaran Nair P. | CPI | 23,021 | Govindhan Nair M. P. | INC | 20,750 | ||
| 42 | Ettumanoor | GEN | Joseph George | INC | 21,423 | Gopala Pillai C. S. | CPI | 19,930 | ||
| 43 | Meenachil | GEN | Joseph P. M. | INC | 20,126 | Thomas Mathai | Independent | 13,462 | ||
| 44 | Vaikom | GEN | K. R. Narayanan | INC | 25,818 | C. K. Viswanathan | CPI | 25,164 | ||
| 45 | Kaduthuruthy | GEN | M. C. Abraham | INC | 22,365 | Kurian Kurian | Independent | 13,552 | ||
| 46 | Ramamangalam | GEN | E. P. Poulose | INC | 20,086 | Parameswaran Nair | CPI | 13,588 | ||
| 47 | Muvattupuzha | GEN | K. M. George | INC | 16,820 | Kuruvilla Mattai (Mathew) | CPI | 14,993 | ||
| 48 | Devicolam | (SC) | Rosamma Punnose | CPI | 33,809 | Ganapathy N. | INC | 31,887 | ||
| Bye Polls in 1958 | Bye Polls in 1958 | R. Punnose | COM | 55,819 | B. Nair | INC | 48,730 | |||
| 49 | Thodupuzha | GEN | Mathew C. A. | INC | 22,149 | Narayanan Nair K | CPI | 11,680 | ||
| 50 | Karikode | GEN | Kusuman Joseph | INC | 14,669 | Augustine Ouseph | Independent | 12,084 | ||
| 51 | Poonjar | GEN | Thomman T. A. | INC | 21,279 | Chacko Vallikkappan (Jocob) | CPI | 9,045 | ||
| 52 | Puliyannur | GEN | K. M. Joseph Chazhicatt | PSP | 18,605 | Prof.K.MChandy | INC | 17,915 | ||
| 53 | Palluruthy | GEN | Alexander Parambithar | INC | 23,666 | Gangadharan P. | CPI | 19,848 | ||
| 54 | Mattancherry | GEN | Viswanathan K. K. | INC | 19,106 | Aboo T. M | CPI | 13,046 | ||
| 55 | Narakkal | GEN | K. C. Abraham | INC | 24,253 | K. K. Ramakrishnan | CPI | 22,321 | ||
| 56 | Ernakulam | GEN | Jacob A. L. | INC | 23,857 | V. Ramankutty Menon | CPI | 18,172 | ||
| 57 | Kanayannur | GEN | Ramakrishnan T. K. | CPI | 21,292 | Joseph A. V. | INC | 17,506 | ||
| 58 | Alwaye | GEN | T. O. Bava | INC | 23,707 | Varkey M. C. | Independent | 21,142 | ||
| 59 | Perumbavoor | GEN | Govinda Pillai P. | CPI | 21,679 | K. A. Damodara Menon | INC | 20,780 | ||
| 60 | Kothakulangara | GEN | Anthony M. A. | INC | 24,133 | A. P. Kurian | CPI | 15,246 | ||
| 61 | Parur | GEN | Sivan Pillai N. | CPI | 19,997 | K. I. Mathew | INC | 17,909 | ||
| 62 | Vadakkekara | GEN | Balan K. A. | CPI | 23,385 | Vijayan K. R. | INC | 17,844 | ||
| 63 | Cranganore | GEN | E. Gopalakrishna Menon | CPI | 20,385 | Kunju Moideen A. K. | INC | 18,894 | ||
| 64 | Chalakkudy | (SC) | P. K. Chathan | CPI | 43,454 | C. J. Jenardhanan | PSP | 42,997 | ||
| 65 | Irinjalakuda | GEN | Achutha Menon C. | CPI | 24,140 | K. T. Achuthan | INC | 21,480 | ||
| 66 | Manalur | GEN | Mundassery Joseph | CPI | 23,350 | Sukumaran | INC | 21,355 | ||
| 67 | Trichur | GEN | A. R. Menon | Independent | 23,531 | Karunakaran K. | INC | 21,045 | ||
| 68 | Ollur | GEN | Paranchu R. | INC | 15,994 | Raghavan V. | CPI | 15,915 | ||
| 69 | Kunnamkulam | GEN | Krishnan T. K. | CPI | 21,161 | Velayudhan K. I. | INC | 18,788 | ||
| 70 | Wadakkanchery | (SC) | Ayyappan C. C. | CPI | 33,161 | Kochukuttan K | INC | 28,895 | ||
| 71 | Nattika | GEN | Achuthan K. S. | INC | 23,594 | Gopalakrishnan P. K. | CPI | 22,039 | ||
| 72 | Guruvayoor | GEN | Koru Kooliyat | Independent | 16,722 | Abubaker M. V. | INC | 14,087 | ||
| 73 | Andathodu | GEN | Kolady Govindan Kutty Menon | CPI | 14,229 | Karunakara Menon K. G. | INC | 12,495 | ||
| 74 | Ponnani | (SC) | Kunhambu Kallayan | INC | 22,784 | Kunhan Eliyath Tharayil | CPI | 20,535 | ||
| 75 | Kuzhalmannam | GEN | John Kuduvakkotte | Independent | 19,437 | Kesava Menon T.P. | INC | 14,689 | ||
| 76 | Alathur | GEN | Krishnan R. | CPI | 19,203 | Vaitheeswara Iyer P. S. | INC | 13,317 | ||
| 77 | Chittur | (SC) | Balachandra Menon P. | CPI | 23,995 | Eacharan K. | INC | 22,062 | ||
| 78 | Elapully | GEN | Ramankutty A. K. | CPI | 16,768 | Sankaran C. C. | INC | 11,560 | ||
| 79 | Palghat | GEN | Raghava Menon R. | INC | 14,873 | Kunhiraman M. P. | CPI | 14,248 | ||
| 80 | Parli | GEN | Narayanakutty C. K. | CPI | 21,627 | Gopalakrishnan Nair K. | INC | 13,996 | ||
| 81 | Mannarghat | GEN | Krishna Menon K. | CPI | 13,375 | Kochunny Nair K. C. | INC | 9,665 | ||
| 82 | Perinthalmanna | GEN | Govindan Nambiar | CPI | 13,248 | Pookoya Thangal Haji P. V. | Independent | 9,398 | ||
| 83 | Ottapalam | GEN | Kunhunni Nayar | CPI | 16,157 | Sundara Iyer N. | INC | 15,248 | ||
| 84 | Pattambi | GEN | Gopalan Erasseri Patinharethil | CPI | 17,447 | Padamanabha Menon K. P. | INC | 9,793 | ||
| 85 | Mankada | GEN | Mohammad Kodur Valia Peedikakkal | Independent | 11,854 | Mohammad Malavattath | INC | 8,338 | ||
| 86 | Tirur | GEN | Moideenkutty Hajee K. | Independent | 15,404 | Alikutty P. P. | INC | 13,231 | ||
| 87 | Tanur | GEN | Muhammed Koya C. H. | Independent | 16,787 | Assanar Kutty T. | INC | 11,520 | ||
| 88 | Kuttippuram | GEN | Ahamedkutty C. | Independent | 15,495 | Moideenkutty P. K. | INC | 10,424 | ||
| 89 | Thirurangady | GEN | Ayukkadarkutty Nahak | Independent | 17,622 | Kunhalikutty Haji A. | INC | 16,670 | ||
| 90 | Malappuram | GEN | Hassan Gani K. | Independent | 17,214 | Saidalavi P. | INC | 12,243 | ||
| 91 | Manjeri | (SC) | Ummer Koya P. P. | INC | 30,860 | Chadayan M. | Independent | 29,101 | ||
| 92 | Kondotty | GEN | Ahammad Kurikkal M. P. M. | Independent | 18,981 | Abubakar Kolakadan | INC | 11,866 | ||
| 93 | Kozhikode I | GEN | Sarada Krishnan | INC | 17,388 | Manjunatha Rao H. | CPI | 16,079 | ||
| 94 | Kozhikode I I | GEN | Kumaran P. | INC | 18,586 | E. Janardhanan | Independent | 11,211 | ||
| 95 | Chevayur | GEN | Balagopalan A. | INC | 20,683 | Raghavan Nair | CPI | 17,319 | ||
| 96 | Kunnamangalam | GEN | Leela Damodara Menon | INC | 13,598 | Chathunni Ottayil K. | CPI | 11,814 | ||
| 97 | Koduvally | GEN | Gopalankutty Nair M. | INC | 19,377 | Muhammedkutty C. | Independent | 15,950 | ||
| 98 | Balusseri | GEN | Narayana Kurup M. | PSP | 15,789 | Raghavan Nair E. | INC | 11,536 | ||
| 99 | Quilandy | GEN | Kunhiraman Nambiar | PSP | 19,668 | Achuthan Nair P. | INC | 16,622 | ||
| 100 | Perambra | GEN | Kumaran Madathil | CPI | 17,838 | Madhavan Nair T K. | INC | 15,827 | ||
| 101 | Badagara | GEN | Kelu Mandoti Kuniyil | CPI | 17,123 | Krishnan | PSP | 15,448 | ||
| 102 | Nadapuram | GEN | Kanaran C. H. | CPI | 18,533 | Kunhammad Haji V. K. | INC | 15,177 | ||
| 103 | Wynad | (SC) | Kunjikrishnan Nair N. K. | INC | 31,993 | Madura | INC | 29,296 | ||
| 104 | Kuthuparamba | GEN | Ramunny Kurup | PSP | 21,540 | Madhavan P. K. | CPI | 14,858 | ||
| 105 | Mattannur | GEN | Balaram N. E. | CPI | 23,540 | Kunhiraman Nair | INC | 13,089 | ||
| 106 | Tellicherry | GEN | Krishna Iyer V. R. | Independent | 27,318 | Kunhiraman P. | INC | 15,234 | ||
| 107 | Cannanore I | GEN | Kannan Chaliyoth | CPI | 17,464 | Gopalan Othayoth | INC | 17,413 | ||
| 108 | Cannanore II | GEN | Gopalan K. P. | CPI | 21,493 | Madhavan Pamban | INC | 18,776 | ||
| 109 | Madayi | GEN | Gopalan Nambiar K. P. R. | CPI | 24,390 | T. Narayanan Nambiar | INC | 12,169 | ||
| 110 | Rikkur | GEN | Narayanan Nambiar T. C. | CPI | 24,518 | Narayanan Nambissan | INC | 11,052 | ||
| 111 | Nileswar | (SC) | Kallalan | CPI | 44,754 | Namboodiripad E. M. S. | CPI | 38,090 | ||
| 112 | Hosdrug | GEN | Chandraskharan K. | PSP | 14,150 | Madhavan K. | CPI | 11,209 | ||
| 113 | Kasaragod | GEN | Kunhikrishan Nair Cheripady | INC | 10,290 | Narayanan Nambiar | PSP | 10,096 | ||
| 114 | Manjeshwar | GEN | M. Umesh Rao | Independent | Uncontested | |||||
Communist Party of India formed the government with the support of five independents. [10] On 5 April 1957, E. M. S. Namboodiripad became the chief minister of Kerala and first non–Congress chief minister of the country (PSP ruled Travencore Cochin state before). But the government was dismissed in 1959 by the central government following the Liberation Struggle. [11]
Travancore–Cochin, or Thiru–Kochi, was a short-lived state of India (1949–1956). It was originally called United State of Travancore and Cochin following the merger of two former kingdoms, Travancore and Cochin on 1 July 1949. Its original capital was Thiruvananthapuram. It was renamed State of Travancore–Cochin in January 1950. Travancore merged with erstwhile princely state of Cochin to form Travancore–Cochin in 1950. The five Tamil-majority Taluks of Vilavancode, Kalkulam, Thovalai, Agastheeswaram, and Sengottai were transferred from Travancore-Cochin to Madras State in 1956. The Malayalam-speaking regions of the Travancore–Cochin merged with the Malabar District and the Kasaragod Taluk of South Canara district in Madras State to form the modern Malayalam-state of Kerala on 1 November 1956, according to the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 passed by the Government of India.
The Indian Republic held its first elections in 1951–52.
Pattom A. Thanu Pillai was an Indian politician and freedom fighter who served as the 2nd Chief Minister of Kerala from 1960 to 1962. He was considered as a central figure in Kerala politics.
K. R. Gouri, born Kalathilparambil Raman Gouri, commonly known as Gouri Amma, was an Indian politician from Alappuzha in central Kerala. She was one of the most prominent leaders of the Left movement in India.
The Liberation Struggle in Kerala (1958–59) was a period of anticommunist protest against the first elected state government in Kerala, India, which was led by E. M. S. Namboodiripad of the Communist Party of India. Organised opposition to the state government was spearheaded by the Syro-Malabar Church, the Nair Service Society, the Indian Union Muslim League, and Indian National Congress. The funding of the movement mostly came from outside of India, mobilised by the CIA and international Catholic organisations. Although termed a "liberation struggle", the campaign was largely peaceful by taking the form of statewide meetings and public demonstrations. Following mass protests in 1959, the Indian government finally bowed to pressure and dismissed Namboodiripad on 31 July 1959.
Kerala Day also referred to as Kerala Piravi, marks the birth of the state of Kerala in southern India. The state of Kerala was created on 1 November 1956, long after the Independence of India. Before this, it was three major provinces and several outlying regions under various rulers.
The first legislative assembly Election to the Madras state based on universal adult suffrage was held in 27 March 1952. This was the first election held in Madras state after the Indian Independence. This election was officially known as the 1951 Madras State Election, even though through delays, actual voting didn't take place until early 1952.
The second legislative assembly election to the Madras state was held on 31 March 1957. This was the first election held after the linguistic reorganisation of Madras State in 1956. Indian National Congress and its leader, K. Kamaraj won the election and defeated their rival, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. In 1954, due to the resignation of C. Rajagopalachari, for his controversial Kula Kalvi Thittam, the leadership of Congress was contested between K. Kamaraj, and C. Subramaniam. Eventually, K. Kamaraj, won the support of the party, was elected leader and chief minister of Madras State in 1954. In a surprise move, he appointed both M. Bhaktavatsalam and C. Subramaniam, to his cabinet, allowing great unity amongst the Congress that ruled the state of Madras, for the next decade. This election saw future DMK leaders M. Karunanidhi and K. Anbazhagan win their first MLA seats in the legislative assembly.
A. Nesamony, sometimes known as Marshal Nesamony, was a political leader from Kanyakumari district in Tamil Nadu, India. He was the second son of Kesavan Appavu Nadar, born on 12 June 1895 at Nesarpuram, Palliyadi in Vilavancode Taluk, Kanyakumari district. He graduated from Maharaja's College in Thiruvananthapuram, and studied at law college in Thiruvananthapuram. He began practising in 1921. He was among those involved with the merger of four Taluks from Southern Travancore to Tamil Nadu.
Pulloli Thomas Chacko, was an Indian politician from Chamampathal, Kottayam in central Kerala. A member of the Travancore and Travancore-Cochin Assemblies and the Constituent Assembly, Chacko served as the first Leader of Opposition of the newly formed state of Kerala. He was also the Home Minister of Kerala holding the additional portfolios of Revenue and Law during the period 1960–64. Resignation of Chacko from Congress-led cabinet in 1964 resulted in the formation of the regional party Kerala Congress.
The Council of Ministers (1957–59) of Legislative Assembly, Kerala state was the first Council of Ministers, the executive wing of state government, in the Indian state of Kerala. The ministry was led by Communist Party of India leader E. M. S. Namboodiripad from 5 April 1957 to 31 July 1959 and had eleven ministries.
The Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress (TTNC) was a political party in the Indian state of Travancore-Cochin. The party was founded by Sam Nathaniel and led by A. Nesamony, both natives of Palliyadi.
Elections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Travancore-Cochin were held on 15 February 1954. 265 candidates competed for the 106 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 11 two-member constituencies and 95 single-member constituencies. Out of these, one single member and one two-member constituency was reserved for SC. The main contest in the election was between the Indian National Congress (INC) and the United Front of Leftists (UFL). Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress was also significant in some Tamil - significant constituencies.
Elections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Travancore-Cochin were held on 27 March 1952.
The present-day Kanyakumari district and parts of Tenkasi district of Tamil Nadu state in India was originally a part of the Travancore-Cochin state. Between 1945 and 1956, especially after the Government of India announced plans to reorganize states along linguistic lines, the people of Tamil-majority Kanyakumari campaigned for its inclusion in the Madras State instead of the Malayalam-majority Kerala state. In Tamil, the campaign is also known as Therkku Ellai Porattam.
Aikya Kerala Movement, the movement to establish a united Kerala was one of the political movements in present-day Kerala state of India. The term Aikya Kerala literally means 'United Kerala'. It has been a statewide peaceful movement for a united Kerala state for all Malayalam speaking people, which lasted for more than three decades. Following the movement, The Malayalam-speaking regions of the Travancore–Cochin merged with the Malabar District and the Kasaragod Taluk of South Canara district in Madras State to form the modern Kerala state on 1 November 1956, according to the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 passed by the Government of India.
The Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala or CPI(M) Kerala is the Kerala state wing of CPIM. It is responsible for organizing and coordinating the party's activities and campaigns within the state, as well as selecting candidates for local, state, and national elections. Currently, it is the governing party in the Kerala Legislative Assembly and has significant representation of the state in Rajya Sabha. The CPIM currently leads the LDF alliance.
