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| Turnout | 73.32% ( 5.98%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1991 Indian general election were held to elect 20 members to the tenth Lok Sabha from Kerala. [1] Indian National Congress (INC)-led United Democratic Front (UDF) won 16 seats while Left Democratic Front (LDF), led by Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) won the remaining 4 seats. [2] Turnout for the election was at 70.66% [3] In the Lok Sabha, INC formed a minority government under the premiership of P. V. Narasimha Rao.
UDF is a Kerala legislative alliance formed by INC veteran K. Karunakaran. LDF comprises primarily of CPI(M) and the CPI, forming the Left Front in the national level. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) contested in 19 seats.
| No. | Party | Election Symbol | Seats Contested |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Indian National Congress | 16 | |
| 2. | Indian Union Muslim League |  | 2 |
| 3. | Kerala Congress (M) |  | 1 |
| 4. | Independents | 1 |
| No. | Party | Election Symbol | Seats Contested |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  | 9 |
| 2. | Communist Party of India |  | 4 |
| 3. | Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha | 1 | |
| 4. | Independents | 2 | |
| 5. | Janata Dal | 2 | |
| 6. | Revolutionary Socialist Party | 1 | |
| 7. | Kerala Congress | 1 |
| No. | Party | Election Symbol | Seats Contested |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | 19 |
| No. | Constituency | Name of Elected M.P. | Party Affiliation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kasaragod | Ramanna Rai | CPI(M) |
| 2 | Kannur | Mullappally Ramachandran | INC |
| 3 | Vatakara | K. P. Unnikrishnan | ICS(SCS) |
| 4 | Kozhikode | K. Muraleedharan | INC |
| 5 | Manjeri | E. Ahamed | IUML |
| 6 | Ponnani | Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait | IUML |
| 7 | Palakkad | V. S. Vijayaraghavan | INC |
| 8 | Ottapalam | K. R. Narayanan | INC |
| 9 | Thrissur | P. C. Chacko | INC |
| 10 | Mukundapuram | Savitri Lakshmanan | INC |
| 11 | Ernakulam | K. V. Thomas | INC |
| 12 | Muvattupuzha | P. C. Thomas | KC(M) |
| 13 | Kottayam | Ramesh Chennithala | INC |
| 14 | Idukki | K. M. Mathew | INC |
| 15 | Alappuzha | T. J. Anjalose | CPI(M) |
| 16 | Mavelikkara | P. J. Kurien | INC |
| 17 | Adoor | Kodikunnil Suresh | INC |
| 18 | Kollam | S. Krishna Kumar | INC |
| 19 | Chirayankil | Suseela Gopalan | CPI(M) |
| 20 | Thiruvananthapuram | A. Charles | INC |
| No. | Party | Political Front | Seats | Votes | %Votes | ±pp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Indian National Congress | UDF | 13 | 55,26,187 | 38.77% |  2.93 |
| 2 | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | LDF | 3 | 29,52,043 | 20.71% | 2.16 |
| 3 | Communist Party of India | LDF | 0 | 11,56,798 | 8.12% | 1.92 |
| 4 | Indian Union Muslim League | UDF | 2 | 7,15,222 | 5.02% | 0.21 |
| 5 | Janata Dal | LDF | 0 | 6,43,366 | 4.51% | 2.65 |
| 6 | Bharatiya Janata Party | none | 0 | 6,56,945 | 4.61% | 0.10 |
| 7 | Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha | LDF | 1 | 3,95,501 | 2.77% | 0.29 |
| 8 | Kerala Congress (M) | UDF | 1 | 3,84,255 | 2.70% | 0.34 |
| 9 | Revolutionary Socialist Party | LDF | 0 | 3,42,796 | 2.41% |  |
| 10 | Kerala Congress | LDF | 0 | 3,19,933 | 2.24% | 1.78 |
| 11 | Bahujan Samaj Party | none | 0 | 23,475 | 0.16% | 0.04 |
| 12 | Janata Party | none | 0 | 17,883 | 0.13% | 0.13 |
| 13 | Republican Party of India | none | 0 | 5,840 | 0.04% | new |
| 14 | Deseeya Karshaka Party | none | 0 | 4,508 | 0.03% | new |
| 15 | Door Darshi Party | none | 0 | 3,268 | 0.02% | new |
| 16 | Lok Dal | none | 0 | 3,024 | 0.02% | new |
| Independents | 0 | 11,02,111 | 7.73% | 1.76 | ||
| No. | Constituency | UDF candidate | Votes | % | Party | LDF candidate | Votes | % | Party | BJP / Other candidate | Votes | % | Party | Winning alliance | Margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kasaragod | K. C. Venugopal | 3,35,113 | 43.2% | INC | M. Ramanna Rai | 3,44,536 | 44.4% | CPI(M) | C. K. Padmanabhan | 76,067 | 9.8% | BJP | LDF | 9,423 |
| 2 | Kannur | Mullappally Ramachandran | 3,76,696 | 50.2% | INC | E. Ebrahim Kutty | 3,35,569 | 44.8% | IC(S) | M. K. Saseendran | 25,720 | 3.4% | BJP | UDF | 41,127 |
| 3 | Vatakara | M. Ratnasingh | 3,78,012 | 47.2% | INC | K. P. Unnikrishnan | 3,95,501 | 49.4% | CPI(M) | P. Unnikrishnan | 8,566 | 1.1% | IND | LDF | 17,489 |
| 4 | Kozhikode | K. Muraleedharan | 3,55,113 | 47.1% | INC | M. P. Veerendra Kumar | 3,39,229 | 45.0% | JD | U. Dattathriya Rao | 43,661 | 5.8% | BJP | UDF | 15,884 |
| 5 | Manjeri | E. Ahamed | 3,75,456 | 50.6% | IUML | V. Venugopal | 2,86,133 | 38.6% | CPI(M) | Ahalya Sankar | 51,634 | 7.0% | BJP | UDF | 89,323 |
| 6 | Ponnani | Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait | 3,39,766 | 52.3% | IUML | K. Hamza Kunju | 2,44,060 | 37.6% | CPI | K. Janachandran | 45,388 | 7.0% | BJP | UDF | 95,706 |
| 7 | Palakkad | V. S. Vijayaraghavan | 3,34,913 | 47.7% | INC | A. Vijayaraghavan | 3,19,145 | 45.4% | CPI(M) | Rema S. Menon | 31,323 | 4.5% | BJP | UDF | 15,768 |
| 8 | Ottapalam | K. R. Narayanan | 3,27,043 | 47.7% | INC | Lenin Rajendran | 3,11,955 | 45.5% | CPI(M) | M. A. Pushpakran | 33,542 | 4.9% | BJP | UDF | 15,088 |
| 9 | Thrissur | P. C. Chacko | 3,42,896 | 48.6% | INC | K. P. Rajendran | 3,13,665 | 44.4% | CPI | E. Reghunandanan | 38,213 | 5.4% | BJP | UDF | 29,231 |
| 10 | Mukundapuram | Savithri Lakshmanan | 3,62,029 | 47.8% | INC | A. P. Kurian | 3,49,664 | 46.1% | IND | K. V. Sreedharan | 30,776 | 4.1% | BJP | UDF | 12,365 |
| 11 | Ernakulam | K. V. Thomas | 3,62,975 | 49.0% | INC | V. Viswanatha Menon | 3,15,831 | 42.6% | CPI(M) | V. A. Rahman | 30,082 | 4.1% | BJP | UDF | 47,144 |
| 12 | Muvattupuzha | P. C. Thomas | 3,84,255 | 53.4% | KC(M) | P. I. Devasia | 2,86,152 | 39.8% | IND | N. Ajith | 26,783 | 3.7% | BJP | UDF | 98,103 |
| 13 | Kottayam | Ramesh Chennithala | 3,66,759 | 51.4% | INC | Thampan Thomas | 3,04,137 | 42.6% | JD | George Kurian | 22,622 | 3.2% | BJP | UDF | 62,622 |
| 14 | Idukki | K. M. Mathew | 3,45,139 | 48.3% | INC | P. J. Joseph | 3,19,933 | 44.8% | KEC | K. Madhusoodhanan Nair | 25,197 | 3.5% | BJP | UDF | 25,206 |
| 15 | Alappuzha | Vakkom Purushothaman | 3,50,719 | 47.3% | INC | T. J. Anjalose | 3,64,794 | 49.2% | CPI(M) | V. S. Vijayakumar | 15,973 | 2.2% | BJP | LDF | 14,075 |
| 16 | Mavelikkara | P. J. Kurian | 3,04,519 | 48.4% | INC | K. Suresh Kurup | 2,79,031 | 44.4% | CPI(M) | Chennithala Gopalkrishnan Nair | 25,665 | 4.1% | BJP | UDF | 25,488 |
| 17 | Adoor | Kodikunnil Suresh | 3,27,066 | 48.9% | INC | Bhargavi Thankappan | 3,08,471 | 46.1% | CPI | C. C. Kunjan | 17,067 | 2.6% | BJP | UDF | 18,595 |
| 18 | Kollam | S. Krishna Kumar | 3,70,523 | 50.0% | INC | R. S. Unni | 3,42,796 | 46.2% | RSP | S. Ramakrishna Pillai | 16,507 | 2.2% | IND | UDF | 27,727 |
| 19 | Chirayinkil | Thalekunnil Basheer | 3,30,412 | 47.2% | INC | Suseela Gopalan | 3,31,518 | 47.4% | CPI(M) | K. K. R. Kumar | 20,159 | 2.9% | BJP | LDF | 1,106 |
| 20 | Trivandrum | A. Charles | 3,34,272 | 46.3% | INC | E. J. Vijayamma | 2,90,602 | 40.3% | CPI | O. Rajagopal | 80,566 | 11.2% | BJP | UDF | 43,670 |
The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated as CPI(M)/CPIM/CPM) is a communist political party in India. It is the largest communist party in India in terms of membership and electoral seats, and one of the national parties of India. The party was founded through a splitting from CPI in 1964 and it quickly became the dominant fraction.
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The 1984 Indian general election were held to elect 20 members to the eighth Lok Sabha from Kerala. Indian National Congress (INC)-led United Democratic Front (UDF) won 18 seats while Left Democratic Front (LDF), led by Communist Party of India (Marxist) won just 2 seats. Turnout for the election was at 77.12% In the Lok Sabha, INC won by a landslide and its leader Rajiv Gandhi went on to become the Prime Minister of India.
