1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election

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1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
Flag of India.svg
  1972 14 June 1977 1982  

All 294 seats in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly
148 seats needed for a majority
 Majority partyMinority partyThird party
 
Jyoti Basu - Calcutta 1996-12-21 089 Cropped.png
PrafullaChandraSen.png
Cow and Calf INC.svg
Leader Jyoti Basu Prafulla Chandra Sen Purabi Mukhopadhyay
Party CPI(M) JP INC(R)
Alliance LF
Leader since196419771977
Leader's seat Satgachhia Did not contest [a] Did not contest [b]
Last election27.45%, 14 seatsNew49.08%, 216 seats
Seats won1782920
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 164NewDecrease2.svg 196
Popular vote6,568,9992,869,3913,298,063
Percentage35.46%20.02%23.02%
SwingIncrease2.svg 8.01 pp NewDecrease2.svg 26.06 pp
Alliance seats2312920
Seat changeNew allianceNew partyDecrease2.svg 196

Chief Minister before election

Siddhartha Shankar Ray
INC

Chief Minister after election

Jyoti Basu
CPI(M)

Legislative Assembly elections was held in the Indian state of West Bengal on 14 June 1977. [1] The polls took place after the ousting of Indira Gandhi's government at the Centre.

Contents

The Left Front won a landslide victory. The 1977 election marked the beginning of the 34-year Left Front rule in West Bengal, with Communist Party of India (Marxist) leader Jyoti Basu leading the first Left Front cabinet. The election finally put to rest, the decade-long political instability that had begun since 1967.

Background

After the Janata Party won the national parliamentary election in March 1977 the new government in Delhi opted to dissolve the assemblies in nine states where the Indian National Congress (R) had lost the parliamentary polls and call for fresh elections. [2] West Bengal was one of these states. [2] The Congress(R) opposed the dissolution of the assemblies, the incumbent West Bengal Congress(R) government petitioned the Supreme Court of India. [2] The Supreme Court rejected the petition on 30 April 1977 and the West Bengal assembly was dissolved on order from the acting president B.D. Jatti. [2]

Ahead of the March 1977 parliamentary election the Left Front (a new alliance led by the CPI(M) consisting of RSP, AIFB, MFB, RCPI & Biplobi Bangla Congress) and the Janata Party had contested with a seat-sharing agreement. [2] With the assembly elections approaching, the two sides sought to build a seat-sharing agreement. [2] But the negotiation turned fruitless, and the Left Front and Janata Party parted ways. [2] The Left Front had offered the Janata Party 56% of the seats and the post as Chief Minister to Janata Party leader Prafulla Chandra Sen, but the Janata Party insisted on 70% of the seats. [3]

There were 25,984,474 eligible voters, voter turn-out stood at 56.15%. [4]

Campaign

In most areas the West Bengal assembly election saw a triangular contest between the Left Front, the Congress(R) and the Janata Party for the 294 seats across the constituency. [2] The Left Front fielded 293 candidates; CPI(M) contested 224 seats, the All India Forward Bloc 36, the Revolutionary Socialist Party 23, the Marxist Forward Bloc 3, the Revolutionary Communist Party of India 4, the Biplobi Bangla Congress 2 and 1 Left Front supported independent. [4] [5] [6] Congress(R) contested 290 seats and Janata Party 289 seats. [4] Left Front heavily campaigned on the massive-rigging perpetrated by the Congress(R) in the previous state election, state-sponsored anti-Communist violence & Emergency-era abuses perpetrated by the government of Siddharta Shankar Ray, with its slogan being কংগ্রেসের কালো হাত ভেঙ্গে দাও, গুড়িয়ে দাও (Break off & smash the black hand of the Congress in Bengali).

Seat Allotment

   Left Front

PartyFlagSymbolLeaderContesting Seats
Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI-M-flag.svg CPIM election symbol.png Jyoti Basu 224
All India Forward Bloc AIFB Flag 2023.png Indian Election Symbol Lion.svg R. K. Haldulkar36
Revolutionary Socialist Party RSP-flag.svg Indian Election Symbol Spade and Stoker.png Tridib Chaudhuri 23
Revolutionary Communist Party of India No image available.svg Bimalananda Mukherjee 4
Marxist Forward Bloc No image available.svg No image available.svg Pratim Chatterjee 3
Biplobi Bangla Congress No image available.svg No image available.svg 2
LF-Independent No image available.svg No image available.svg 1
Total293

   Indira Congress

PartyFlagSymbolLeaderContesting Seats
Indian National Congress (R) Cow and Calf INC.svg Purabi Mukhopadhyay 290
Total290

   Janata Party

PartyFlagSymbolLeaderContesting Seats
Janata Party No image available.svg Prafulla Chandra Sen 289
Total289

Results

The Left Front won the election, winning 231 out of the 294 seats. [7] [4] [5] The electoral result came as a surprise to the Left Front itself, as it had offered 52% of the seats in the pre-electoral seat sharing talks with the Janata Party. [2] [8] On 21 June 1977 the Left Front formed a government with Jyoti Basu as its Chief Minister. [8] [9] The first cabinet meeting of the Left Front government ordered the release of political prisoners. [10]

Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) leader Santosh Rana was elected as an independent from Gopiballavpur. [11]

PartyCandidatesSeatsVotes%
Left Front Communist Party of India (Marxist) 2241785,080,82835.46
All India Forward Bloc 3625750,2295.24
Revolutionary Socialist Party 2320536,6253.74
Revolutionary Communist Party of India 4375,1560.52
Marxist Forward Bloc 3358,4660.41
Biplobi Bangla Congress 2135,4570.25
LF independent1132,2380.22
Janata Party 289292,869,39120.02
Indian National Congress (R) 290203,298,06323.02
Communist Party of India 632375,5602.62
Socialist Unity Centre of India 294211,7521.48
Indian Union Muslim League 32154,9420.38
Workers Party of India 2129,2210.20
Jharkhand Party 205,7010.04
Republican Party of India 301,6520.01
All India Gorkha League 208100.01
Bharater Biplobi Communist Party104890.00
Independents5667912,6126.37
Total1,57229414,329,201100
Source: ECI

Elected members

ConstituencyReserved for
(SC/ST/None)
MemberParty
MekliganjSCSada Kant Roy All India Forward Bloc
SitalkuchiSCSudhir Pramanik CPI(M)
MathabhangaSCDinesh Chandra Dakua CPI(M)
Cooch Behar NorthNoneAparajita Goppi All India Forward Bloc
Cooch Behar WestNoneBimal Kanti Basu All India Forward Bloc
SitaiNoneDipak Sen Gupta All India Forward Bloc
DinhataNoneKamal Kanti Guha All India Forward Bloc
NatabariNoneSibendra Narayan Chowdhury CPI(M)
TufanganjSCManindra Nath Barma CPI(M)
KumargramSTJohn Arther Baxla Revolutionary Socialist Party
KalchiniSTManohar Tirkey Revolutionary Socialist Party
AlipurduarsNoneNani Bhattacharya Revolutionary Socialist Party
FalakataSCJogendra Nath Singh Roy CPI(M)
MadarihatSTA. H. Besterwitch Revolutionary Socialist Party
DhupguriSCBanamali Roy CPI(M)
NagrakataSTPunai Oraon CPI(M)
MainaguriSC Tarak Bandhu Roy Revolutionary Socialist Party
MalSTMohan Lal Oraon CPI(M)
KrantiNoneParimal Mitra CPI(M)
JalpaiguriNoneNirmal Kumar Bose All India Forward Bloc
RajganjSCDhirendra Nath Roy CPI(M)
KalimpongNoneSubha Renuleena Independent
DarjeelingNoneDeo Prakash Rai Independent
KurseongNoneDawa Norbula Indian National Congress
SiliguriNoneBiren Bose CPI(M)
PhansidewaSTPatras Minz CPI(M)
ChopraNoneMoha Bachcha Munsi CPI(M)
IslampurNoneChowdhary Abdul Karim Independent
GoalpokharNoneRamjan Ali Independent
KarandighiNoneHaji Sajjad Hussain Indian National Congress
RaiganjSCKhagendra Nath Sinha CPI(M)
KaliaganjSCNaba Kumar Roy Indian National Congress
KushmandiSCDhirendra Nath Sarkar Indian National Congress
ItaharNoneZaimal Abedin Indian National Congress
GangarampurNoneAhindra Sarkar CPI(M)
TapanSTNatheniel Murmu Revolutionary Socialist Party
KumarganjNoneJamini Kisore Mojumdar CPI(M)
BalurghatNoneBiswanath Choudhauri Revolutionary Socialist Party
HabibpurSTMurmu Sarkar CPI(M)
GajolSTSufal Murmu CPI(M)
KharbaNoneGolam Yazdani Independent
HarishchandrapurNoneBirendra Kumar Maitra Janata Party
RatuaNoneMohammad Ali CPI(M)
AraidangaNoneHabib Mustafa CPI(M)
MaldaSCSubhendu Choudhury CPI(M)
EnglishbazarNoneSailen Sarkar CPI(M)
ManikchakNoneSubodh Choudhury CPI(M)
SuzapurNoneAbul Barkat Ataul Ghani Khan Chowdhury Indian National Congress
KaliachakNoneSamsuddin Ahmmad Indian National Congress
FarakkaNoneAbul Hasnat Khan CPI(M)
AurangabadNoneLutfal Haque Indian National Congress
SutiNoneMd. Sohorab Indian National Congress
SagardighiSCHazari Biswas CPI(M)
JangipurNoneHabibur Rahaman Indian National Congress
LalgolaNoneAbdus Sattar Indian National Congress
BhagabangolaNoneKazi Hafizur Rahaman Independent
NabagramNoneBirendra Narayan Ray CPI(M)
MurshidabadNoneChhaya Ghosh All India Forward Bloc
JalangiNoneAtahar Rahaman CPI(M)
DomkalNoneMd. Abdul Bari CPI(M)
NaodaNoneJayanta Kumar Biswas Revolutionary Socialist Party
HariharparaNoneShaikh Imajuddin Indian National Congress
BerhamporeNoneDebabrata Bandopadhyay Revolutionary Socialist Party
BeldangaNoneTimir Baran Bhadury Revolutionary Socialist Party
KandiNoneAtish Chandra Sinha Indian National Congress
KhargramSCDinabandhu Majhi CPI(M)
BarwanNoneAmalendra Roy Revolutionary Socialist Party
BharatpurNoneSatyapada Bhattacharyya Revolutionary Socialist Party
KarimpurNoneSamarendra Nath Sanyal CPI(M)
PalashiparaNoneMadhabendu Mohanta CPI(M)
NakashiparaNoneMir Fakir Mohammad CPI(M)
KaliganjNoneDebsaran Ghosh Revolutionary Socialist Party
ChapraNoneSahabuddin Mondal CPI(M)
KrishnaganjSCJnanendranath Biswas CPI(M)
Krishnagar EastNoneKashikanta Maitra Janata Party
Krishnagar WestNoneAmritendu Mukherjee CPI(M)
NabadwipNoneDebi Prosad Basu CPI(M)
SantipurNoneBimalananda Mukherjee Revolutionary Communist Party of India
HanskhaliSCSukumar Mondal CPI(M)
Ranaghat EastSCSatish Chandra Biswas CPI(M)
Ranaghat WestNoneKundu Gourchandra CPI(M)
ChakdahaNoneBinoy Kumar Biswas Independent
HaringhataNoneMalakar Nanigopal CPI(M)
Bagdah SC Kamalakshmi Biswas All India Forward Bloc
BongaonNoneRanjit Mitra CPI(M)
GaighataNoneKanti Chandra Biswas CPI(M)
HabraNoneNirode Roy Chowdhury CPI(M)
AshokenagarNoneNani Kar CPI(M)
AmdangaNoneHashim Abdul Halim CPI(M)
BarasatNoneSaral Deb All India Forward Bloc
RajarhatSCRabindra Nath Mandal CPI(M)
DegangaNoneA. K. M. Hassan Uzzaman Indian Union Muslim League
SwarupnagarNoneAnisur Rahman CPI(M)
BaduriaNoneMostafa Bin Quasem CPI(M)
BasirhatNoneNarayan Mukherjee CPI(M)
HasnabadNoneAmiya Banerjee CPI(M)
HaroaSCKshiti Ranjan Mondal CPI(M)
SandeshkhaliSCKumud Ranjan Biswas CPI(M)
HingalganjSCSudhangshu Mondal CPI(M)
GosabaSCGanesh Chandra Mondal Revolutionary Socialist Party
BasantiSCKalipada Barman Revolutionary Socialist Party
KultaliSCProbodh Purkait Socialist Unity Centre of India
JoynagarNoneDeba Prosad Sarkar Socialist Unity Centre of India
BaruipurNoneHemen Majumdar CPI(M)
Canning WestSCChitta Ranjan Mridha CPI(M)
Canning EastNoneAbdur Razzak Molla CPI(M)
BhangarNoneDaud Khan CPI(M)
JadavpurNoneDinesh Majumdar CPI(M)
SonarpurSCGangadhar Naskar CPI(M)
Bishnupur EastSCSundar Naskar CPI(M)
Bishnupur WestNoneProvesh Chandra Ray CPI(M)
Behala EastNoneNiranjan Mukherjee CPI(M)
Behala WestNoneRabin Mukherjee CPI(M)
Garden ReachNoneChhedilal Singh CPI(M)
MaheshtalaNoneSudhir Bhandari CPI(M)
Budge BudgeNoneKhitibhusan Burmon CPI(M)
SatgachiaNoneJyoti Basu CPI(M)
FaltaNoneNemai Chandra Das CPI(M)
Diamond HarbourNone Abdul Quiyom Molla CPI(M)
Magrahat WestNoneChhobhan Gazi CPI(M)
Magrahat EastSCRadjika Ranjan Pramanik CPI(M)
MandirbazarSCRenupada Halder Socialist Unity Centre of India
MathurapurNoneSatya Ranjan Bapuli Indian National Congress
KulpiSCKrishnadhan Halder CPI(M)
PatharpratimaNoneGunadhar Maiti CPI(M)
KakdwipNoneHrishikesh Maity CPI(M)
SagarNoneProvanjan Mondal CPI(M)
BijpurNoneJagadish Chandra Das CPI(M)
NaihatiNoneGopal Basu CPI(M)
BhatparaNoneSita Ram Gupta CPI(M)
JagatdalNoneNihar Kumar Basu All India Forward Bloc
NoaparaNoneJamini Bhusan Saha CPI(M)
TitagarhNoneMohammed Amin CPI(M)
KhardahNoneKamal Sarkar CPI(M)
PanihatiNoneGopal Krishna Bhattacharyya CPI(M)
KamarhatiNoneRadhika Ranjan Banerjee CPI(M)
BaranagarNoneMatish Ray Revolutionary Socialist Party
Dum DumNoneTarun Sen Gupta CPI(M)
Belgachia EastNoneSubhas Chakraborty CPI(M)
CossipurNoneBuddhadev Bhattacharjee CPI(M)
ShyampukurNoneNalini Kanta Guha All India Forward Bloc
JorabaganNoneHaripada Bharati Janata Party
JorasankoNoneVishnu Kant Shastri Janata Party
Bara BazarNoneRabi Shankar Pandey Janata Party
Bow BazarNone Abul Hassan CPI(M)
ChowringheeNoneSandip Das Janata Party
KabitirthaNoneKalimuddin Shams All India Forward Bloc
AliporeNoneAshoke Kumar Bose CPI(M)
Rashbehari AvenueNoneAshok Mitra CPI(M)
TollygungeNonePrasanta Kumar Sur CPI(M)
DhakuriaNone Jatin Chakraborty Revolutionary Socialist Party
BallygungeNoneSachin Sen CPI(M)
EntallyNoneMd. Nezamuddin CPI(M)
TaltolaSCSumanta Kr. Hira CPI(M)
BeliaghataNoneKrishna Pada Ghosh CPI(M)
SealdahNoneBinoy Banerjee Janata Party
VidyasagarNoneSamar Kumar Rudra CPI(M)
BurtolaNoneNikhil Das Revolutionary Socialist Party
ManicktolaNoneSuhrid Mullick Chowdhury CPI(M)
Belgachia WestNoneLakshmi Charan Sen CPI(M)
BallyNonePatipaban Pathak CPI(M)
Howrah NorthNoneChitabrata Mazumdar CPI(M)
Howrah CentralNoneSudhindra Nath Kumar Independent
Howrah SouthNonePraley Talukdar CPI(M)
ShibpurNoneKanai Lal Bhattacharyya All India Forward Bloc
DomjurNoneJoykesh Mukherjee CPI(M)
JagatballavpurNoneM. Ansaruddin CPI(M)
PanchlaNoneSantosh Kumar Das All India Forward Bloc
SankrailSCHaran Hazra CPI(M)
Uluberia NorthSCRaj Kumar Mndal CPI(M)
Uluberia SouthNoneAurobinda Ghosal All India Forward Bloc
ShyampurNoneSasabindu Bera Janata Party
BagnanNoneNirupama Chatterjee CPI(M)
KalyanpurNoneNitai Charan Adak CPI(M)
AmtaNoneBarindra Nath Koley CPI(M)
UdaynarayanpurNonePannalal Majhi CPI(M)
JangiparaNoneManindra Nath Jana CPI(M)
ChanditalaNoneMalin Ghosh CPI(M)
UttarparaNoneSantashree Chattopadhyay CPI(M)
SeramporeNoneKamal Krishna Bahattacharayya CPI(M)
ChampdaniNoneSaidndra Nath Chattopadhyay CPI(M)
ChandernagoreNoneBhabani Mukherjee CPI(M)
SingurNoneGopal Bandnopadhyay CPI(M)
HaripalNoneBalai Bandhopadhyay CPI(M)
TarakeswarNoneRam Chatterjee Independent
ChinsurahNoneSambhu Charan Ghosh All India Forward Bloc
BansberiaNonePrabir Kumar Sen Gupta CPI(M)
BalagarhSCAbimnash Pramanik CPI(M)
PanduaNoneDeb Narayan Chakrabarty CPI(M)
PolbaNoneBrojogopal Neogy CPI(M)
DhaniakhaliSCKripa Sindhu Saha All India Forward Bloc
PursurahNoneManoranjan Hazra CPI(M)
KhanakulSCPanchanan Digpati Janata Party
ArambaghNoneAjoy Kr. Dey Janata Party
GoghatSCNanuram Roy Janata Party
ChandrakonaNoneUmapati Chakrabarty CPI(M)
GhatalSCGopal Mondal CPI(M)
DaspurNonePrabhas Chandra Phadikar CPI(M)
NandanpurNoneManoranjan Roy CPI(M)
Panskura WestNone Sk. Omar Ali Communist Party of India
Panskura EastNoneSwades Ranjan Maji Janata Party
TamlukNoneBiswanath Mukhopadhyay Communist Party of India
MoynaNonePulak Bera CPI(M)
MahishadalNoneSaswati Bag Janata Party
SutahataSCShiba Nath Das Janata Party
NandigramNonePrabir Jana Janata Party
NarghatNoneBankim Behari Maiti Janata Party
BhagabanpurNoneHaripada Jana Janata Party
KhajuriSCSunirmal Paik Janata Party
Contai NorthNoneRasbehari Pal Janata Party
Contai SouthNoneSatya Brata Maiti Janata Party
RamnagarNoneBalailal Das Mahapatra Janata Party
EgraNonePrabodh Chandra Sinha Janata Party
MugberiaNoneKiranmay Nanda Janata Party
PataspurNoneJanmejoy Ojha Janata Party
SabangNoneGouranga Samanta Biplobi Bangla Congress
PinglaNoneHaripada Jana Janata Party
DebraNone Syed Moazzam Hossain CPI(M)
KeshpurSCRajani Kanta Doloi Indian National Congress
Garhbeta EastNoneSubhendu Mondal CPI(M)
Garhbeta WestSCSantosh Bisui CPI(M)
SalbaniNoneSundar Hazra CPI(M)
MidnaporeNoneBankim Behari Pal Janata Party
Kharagpur TownNoneSudhir Dassharma Janata Party
Kharagpur RuralNone Sheikh Siraj Ali CPI(M)
KeshiariSTKhudiram Singh CPI(M)
NarayangarhNoneKrishna Das Roy Indian National Congress
DantanNonePradyot Kumar Mahanti Janata Party
NayagramSTBudhadeb Singh CPI(M)
GopiballavpurNoneSantosh Rana Independent
JhargramNoneRam Chandra Satpathy CPI(M)
BinpurSTSambhunath Mandi CPI(M)
BanduanSTSudhangshu Sekhar Majhi CPI(M)
ManbazarNoneNakul Chandra Mahata CPI(M)
BalrampurSTBikram Tudu CPI(M)
ArsaNoneDaman Chandra Kuiry All India Forward Bloc
JhaldaNoneSatya Ranjan Mahato All India Forward Bloc
JaipurNoneRam Krishna Mahato Indian National Congress
PuruliaNoneMahadeb Mukherjee CPI(M)
ParaSCGobinda Bauri CPI(M)
RaghunathpurSCBijoy Bauri Socialist Unity Centre of India
KashipurSTSurendra Nath Majhi CPI(M)
HuraNoneAmbarish Mukhopadhyay CPI(M)
TaldangraNoneMohini Mohan Panda CPI(M)
RaipurSTApindra Kisku CPI(M)
RanibandhSTSuchand Soren CPI(M)
IndpurSCBinode Behari Maji Janata Party
ChhatnaNoneSubhas Goswami Revolutionary Socialist Party
GangajalghatiSCNabani Barui CPI(M)
BarjoraNoneAswini Kumar Raj CPI(M)
BankuraNonePartha De CPI(M)
OndaNoneAnil Mukherjee All India Forward Bloc
VishnupurNoneAchintya Krishna Roy CPI(M)
KotulpurNoneGunadhar Choudhary CPI(M)
IndasSCBadan Bora CPI(M)
SonamukhiSCSukhendu Khan CPI(M)
KultiNoneMadhu Banerjee Marxist Forward Bloc
BarabaniNoneSunil Basu Roy CPI(M)
HirapurNoneBamapada Mukherjee CPI(M)
AsansolNoneHaradhan Roy CPI(M)
RaniganjNoneHaradhan Roy CPI(M)
JamuriaNoneBikash Chowdhury CPI(M)
UkhraSCLakhan Bagdi CPI(M)
Durgapur-iNoneDilip Kumar Majundar CPI(M)
Durgapur-iiNoneTarun Chatterjee CPI(M)
KanksaSCLakshinarayan Saha CPI(M)
AusgramSCShreedhar Malik CPI(M)
BhatarNoneBholanath Sen Indian National Congress
GalsiNoneDebranjan Sen All India Forward Bloc
Burdwan NorthNoneDwarka Nath Tah CPI(M)
Burdwan SouthNoneBenoy Krishna Chowdhry CPI(M)
KhandaghoshSCPurna Chandra Malik CPI(M)
RainaNoneRam Narayan Goswami CPI(M)
JamalpurSCSunil Santra Marxist Forward Bloc
MemariNoneBenoy Konar CPI(M)
KalnaNoneGuruprasad Sinha Roy CPI(M)
NadanghatNoneSyed Abdul Habibullah CPI(M)
ManteswarNoneHemanta Kumar Roy CPI(M)
PurbasthaliNoneManoranjan Nath CPI(M)
KatwaNoneHaramohan Sinha CPI(M)
MangalkotNoneNikhilananda Sar CPI(M)
KetugramSCRaicharan Majhi CPI(M)
NanurSCBanamali Das CPI(M)
BolpurNoneJyotsna Kumar Gupta Revolutionary Socialist Party
LabhpurNoneSunil Kumar Mazumdar CPI(M)
DubrajpurNoneBhakti Bhusan Mandal All India Forward Bloc
RajnagarSCSiddheswar Mandal All India Forward Bloc
SuriNoneSuniti Chattaraj Indian National Congress
Mahammad BazarNoneDhirendra Nath Sen CPI(M)
MayureswarSCPanchanan Let (bara) CPI(M)
RampurhatNoneShanshaka Sekhar Mondal All India Forward Bloc
HansanSC Trilochan Mal Revolutionary Communist Party of India
NalhatiNoneBhabaui Prasad Chattopadyay All India Forward Bloc
MuraraiNoneMotahar Hossain Indian National Congress

Notes

  1. Sen was the sitting MP for Arambagh
  2. Mukhopadhyay was a Rajya Sabha MP representing West Bengal

References

  1. West Bengal (India); Jatindra Chandra Sengupta (1978). West Bengal District Gazetteers: Nadiā. State editor, West Bengal District Gazetteers. p. 420.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 N. Jose Chander (1 January 2004). Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience. Concept Publishing Company. p. 105. ISBN   978-81-8069-092-1.
  3. The Wire. Why Has Nobody Called It Yet? An Analysis of the West Bengal Elections
  4. 1 2 3 4 Election Commission of India. STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1977 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL
  5. 1 2 Bharati Mukherjee (1 January 1991). Political Culture and Leadership in India: A Study of West Bengal. Mittal Publications. pp. 30–31. ISBN   978-81-7099-320-9.
  6. Communist Party of India (Marxist). West Bengal State Committee. Election results of West Bengal: statistics & analysis, 1952-1991. The Committee. p. 419.
  7. New Left Review. RED BENGAL’S RISE AND FALL
  8. 1 2 People's Democracy. West Bengal: How The Left Front And Its Government Emerged Archived 15 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  9. People's Democracy. Thirty Years of Left Front Government in West Bengal Archived 1 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  10. Hindustan Times. Timeline of Left Front government in West Bengal
  11. Times of India. CPI(ML) MLA Santosh Rana quits party