1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election

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1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
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  1972 14 June 1977 1982  

All 294 seats in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly
148 seats needed for a majority
 Majority partyMinority partyThird party
 
Jyoti Basu - Calcutta 1996-12-21 089 Cropped.png
PrafullaChandraSen.png
Cow and Calf INC.svg
Leader Jyoti Basu Prafulla Chandra Sen Purabi Mukhopadhyay
Party CPI(M) JP INC(R)
Alliance LF
Leader since196419771977
Leader's seat Satgachhia Did not contest [lower-alpha 1] Did not contest [lower-alpha 2]
Last election27.45%, 14 seatsNew49.08%, 216 seats
Seats won1782920
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 164NewDecrease2.svg 196
Popular vote6,568,9992,869,3913,298,063
Percentage35.46%20.02%23.02%
SwingIncrease2.svg 8.01 pp NewDecrease2.svg 26.06 pp

Chief Minister before election

Siddhartha Shankar Ray
INC

Chief Minister after election

Jyoti Basu
CPI(M)

Legislative Assembly elections was held in the Indian state of West Bengal on 14 June 1977. [1] The polls took place after the ousting of Indira Gandhi's government at the Centre.

Contents

The Left Front won a landslide victory. The 1977 election marked the beginning of the 34-year Left Front rule in West Bengal, with Communist Party of India (Marxist) leader Jyoti Basu leading the first Left Front cabinet. The election finally put to rest, the decade-long political instability that had begun since 1967.

Background

After the Janata Party won the national parliamentary election in March 1977 the new government in Delhi opted to dissolve the assemblies in nine states where the Indian National Congress (R) had lost the parliamentary polls and call for fresh elections. [2] West Bengal was one of these states. [2] The Congress(R) opposed the dissolution of the assemblies, the incumbent West Bengal Congress(R) government petitioned the Supreme Court of India. [2] The Supreme Court rejected the petition on 30 April 1977 and the West Bengal assembly was dissolved on order from the acting president B.D. Jatti. [2]

Ahead of the March 1977 parliamentary election the Left Front (a new alliance led by the CPI(M) consisting of RSP, AIFB, MFB, RCPI & Biplobi Bangla Congress) and the Janata Party had contested with a seat-sharing agreement. [2] With the assembly elections approaching, the two sides sought to build a seat-sharing agreement. [2] But the negotiation turned fruitless, and the Left Front and Janata Party parted ways. [2] The Left Front had offered the Janata Party 56% of the seats and the post as Chief Minister to Janata Party leader Prafulla Chandra Sen, but the Janata Party insisted on 70% of the seats. [3]

There were 25,984,474 eligible voters, voter turn-out stood at 56.15%. [4]

Campaign

In most areas the West Bengal assembly election saw a triangular contest between the Left Front, the Congress(R) and the Janata Party for the 294 seats across the constituency. [2] The Left Front fielded 293 candidates; CPI(M) contested 224 seats, the All India Forward Bloc 36, the Revolutionary Socialist Party 23, the Marxist Forward Bloc 3, the Revolutionary Communist Party of India 4, the Biplobi Bangla Congress 2 and 1 Left Front supported independent. [4] [5] [6] Congress(R) contested 290 seats and Janata Party 289 seats. [4] Left Front heavily campaigned on the massive-rigging perpetrated by the Congress(R) in the previous state election, state-sponsored anti-Communist violence & Emergency-era abuses perpetrated by the government of Siddharta Shankar Ray, with its slogan being কংগ্রেসের কালো হাত ভেঙ্গে দাও, গুড়িয়ে দাও (Break off & smash the black hand of the Congress in Bengali).

Results

The Left Front won the election, winning 231 out of the 294 seats. [7] [4] [5] The electoral result came as a surprise to the Left Front itself, as it had offered 52% of the seats in the pre-electoral seat sharing talks with the Janata Party. [2] [8] On 21 June 1977 the Left Front formed a government with Jyoti Basu as its Chief Minister. [8] [9] The first cabinet meeting of the Left Front government ordered the release of political prisoners. [10]

Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) leader Santosh Rana was elected as an independent from Gopiballavpur. [11]

PartyCandidatesSeatsVotes%
Left Front Communist Party of India (Marxist) 2241785,080,82835.46
All India Forward Bloc 3625750,2295.24
Revolutionary Socialist Party 2320536,6253.74
Revolutionary Communist Party of India 4375,1560.52
Marxist Forward Bloc 3358,4660.41
Biplobi Bangla Congress 2135,4570.25
LF independent1132,2380.22
Janata Party 289292,869,39120.02
Indian National Congress (R) 290203,298,06323.02
Communist Party of India 632375,5602.62
Socialist Unity Centre of India 294211,7521.48
Indian Union Muslim League 32154,9420.38
Workers Party of India 2129,2210.20
Jharkhand Party 205,7010.04
Republican Party of India 301,6520.01
All India Gorkha League 208100.01
Bharater Biplobi Communist Party104890.00
Independents5667912,6126.37
Total1,57229414,329,201100
Source: ECI

Elected members

ConstituencyReserved for
(SC/ST/None)
MemberParty
MekliganjSCSada Kant Roy All India Forward Bloc
SitalkuchiSCSudhir Pramanik Communist Party of India
MathabhangaSCDinesh Chandra Dakua Communist Party of India
Cooch Behar NorthNoneAparajita Goppi All India Forward Bloc
Cooch Behar WestNoneBimal Kanti Basu All India Forward Bloc
SitaiNoneDipak Sen Gupta All India Forward Bloc
DinhataNoneKamal Kanti Guha All India Forward Bloc
NatabariNoneSibendra Narayan Chowdhury Communist Party of India
TufanganjSCManindra Nath Barma Communist Party of India
KumargramSTJohn Arther Baxla Revolutionary Socialist Party
KalchiniSTManohar Tirkey Revolutionary Socialist Party
AlipurduarsNoneNani Bhattacharya Revolutionary Socialist Party
FalakataSCJogendra Nath Singh Roy Communist Party of India
MadarihatSTA. H. Besterwitch Revolutionary Socialist Party
DhupguriSCBanamali Roy Communist Party of India
NagrakataSTPunai Oraon Communist Party of India
MainaguriSCTarak Bandhu Roy Revolutionary Socialist Party
MalSTMohan Lal Oraon Communist Party of India
KrantiNoneParimal Mitra Communist Party of India
JalpaiguriNoneNirmal Kumar Bose All India Forward Bloc
RajganjSCDhirendra Nath Roy Communist Party of India
KalimpongNoneSubha Renuleena Independent
DarjeelingNoneDeo Prakash Rai Independent
KurseongNoneDawa Norbula Indian National Congress
SiliguriNoneBiren Bose Communist Party of India
PhansidewaSTPatras Minz Communist Party of India
ChopraNoneMoha Bachcha Munsi Communist Party of India
IslampurNoneChowdhary Abdul Karim Independent
GoalpokharNoneRamjan Ali Independent
KarandighiNoneHaji Sajjad Hussain Indian National Congress
RaiganjSCKhagendra Nath Sinha Communist Party of India
KaliaganjSCNaba Kumar Roy Indian National Congress
KushmandiSCDhirendra Nath Sarkar Indian National Congress
ItaharNoneZaimal Abedin Indian National Congress
GangarampurNoneAhindra Sarkar Communist Party of India
TapanSTNatheniel Murmu Revolutionary Socialist Party
KumarganjNoneJamini Kisore Mojumdar Communist Party of India
BalurghatNoneBiswanath Choudhauri Revolutionary Socialist Party
HabibpurSTMurmu Sarkar Communist Party of India
GajolSTSufal Murmu Communist Party of India
KharbaNoneGolam Yazdani Independent
HarishchandrapurNoneBirendra Kumar Maitra Janata Party
RatuaNoneMohammad Ali Communist Party of India
AraidangaNoneHabib Mustafa Communist Party of India
MaldaSCSubhendu Choudhury Communist Party of India
EnglishbazarNoneSailen Sarkar Communist Party of India
ManikchakNoneSubodh Choudhury Communist Party of India
SuzapurNoneAbul Barkat Ataul Ghani Khan Chowdhury Indian National Congress
KaliachakNoneSamsuddin Ahmmad Indian National Congress
FarakkaNoneAbul Hasnat Khan Communist Party of India
AurangabadNoneLutfal Haque Indian National Congress
SutiNoneMd. Sohorab Indian National Congress
SagardighiSCHazari Biswas Communist Party of India
JangipurNoneHabibur Rahaman Indian National Congress
LalgolaNoneAbdus Sattar Indian National Congress
BhagabangolaNoneKazi Hafizur Rahaman Independent
NabagramNoneBirendra Narayan Ray Communist Party of India
MurshidabadNoneChhaya Ghosh All India Forward Bloc
JalangiNoneAtahar Rahaman Communist Party of India
DomkalNoneMd. Abdul Bari Communist Party of India
NaodaNoneJayanta Kumar Biswas Revolutionary Socialist Party
HariharparaNoneShaikh Imajuddin Indian National Congress
BerhamporeNoneDebabrata Bandopadhyay Revolutionary Socialist Party
BeldangaNoneTimir Baran Bhadury Revolutionary Socialist Party
KandiNoneAtish Chandra Sinha Indian National Congress
KhargramSCDinabandhu Majhi Communist Party of India
BarwanNoneAmalendra Roy Revolutionary Socialist Party
BharatpurNoneSatyapada Bhattacharyya Revolutionary Socialist Party
KarimpurNoneSamarendra Nath Sanyal Communist Party of India
PalashiparaNoneMadhabendu Mohanta Communist Party of India
NakashiparaNoneMir Fakir Mohammad Communist Party of India
KaliganjNoneDebsaran Ghosh Revolutionary Socialist Party
ChapraNoneSahabuddin Mondal Communist Party of India
KrishnaganjSCJnanendranath Biswas Communist Party of India
Krishnagar EastNoneKashikanta Maitra Janata Party
Krishnagar WestNoneAmritendu Mukherjee Communist Party of India
NabadwipNoneDebi Prosad Basu Communist Party of India
SantipurNoneBimalananda Mukherjee Revolutionary Communist Party of India
HanskhaliSCSukumar Mondal Communist Party of India
Ranaghat EastSCSatish Chandra Biswas Communist Party of India
Ranaghat WestNoneKundu Gourchandra Communist Party of India
ChakdahaNoneBinoy Kumar Biswas Independent
HaringhataNoneMalakar Nanigopal Communist Party of India
BagdahaSCKamalakshmi Biswas All India Forward Bloc
BongaonNoneRanjit Mitra Communist Party of India
GaighataNoneKanti Chandra Biswas Communist Party of India
HabraNoneNirode Roy Chowdhury Communist Party of India
AshokenagarNoneNani Kar Communist Party of India
AmdangaNoneHashim Abdul Halim Communist Party of India
BarasatNoneSaral Deb All India Forward Bloc
RajarhatSCRabindra Nath Mandal Communist Party of India
DegangaNoneA. K. M. Hassan Uzzaman Indian Union Muslim League
SwarupnagarNoneAnisur Rahman Communist Party of India
BaduriaNoneMostafa Bin Quasem Communist Party of India
BasirhatNoneNarayan Mukherjee Communist Party of India
HasnabadNoneAmiya Banerjee Communist Party of India
HaroaSCKshiti Ranjan Mondal Communist Party of India
SandeshkhaliSCKumud Ranjan Biswas Communist Party of India
HingalganjSCSudhangshu Mondal Communist Party of India
GosabaSCGanesh Chandra Mondal Revolutionary Socialist Party
BasantiSCKalipada Barman Revolutionary Socialist Party
KultaliSCProbodh Purkait Socialist Unity Centre of India
JoynagarNoneDeba Prosad Sarkar Socialist Unity Centre of India
BaruipurNoneHemen Majumdar Communist Party of India
Canning WestSCChitta Ranjan Mridha Communist Party of India
Canning EastNoneAbdur Razzak Molla Communist Party of India
BhangarNoneDaud Khan Communist Party of India
JadavpurNoneDinesh Majumdar Communist Party of India
SonarpurSCGangadhar Naskar Communist Party of India
Bishnupur EastSCSundar Naskar Communist Party of India
Bishnupur WestNoneProvesh Chandra Ray Communist Party of India
Behala EastNoneNiranjan Mukherjee Communist Party of India
Behala WestNoneRabin Mukherjee Communist Party of India
Garden ReachNoneChhedilal Singh Communist Party of India
MaheshtalaNoneSudhir Bhandari Communist Party of India
Budge BudgeNoneKhitibhusan Burmon Communist Party of India
SatgachiaNoneJyoti Basu Communist Party of India
FaltaNoneNemai Chandra Das Communist Party of India
Diamond HarbourNoneAbdul Quiyom Molla Communist Party of India
Magrahat WestNoneChhobhan Gazi Communist Party of India
Magrahat EastSCRadjika Ranjan Pramanik Communist Party of India
MandirbazarSCRenupada Halder Socialist Unity Centre of India
MathurapurNoneSatya Ranjan Bapuli Indian National Congress
KulpiSCKrishnadhan Halder Communist Party of India
PatharpratimaNoneGunadhar Maiti Communist Party of India
KakdwipNoneHrishikesh Maity Communist Party of India
SagarNoneProvanjan Mondal Communist Party of India
BijpurNoneJagadish Chandra Das Communist Party of India
NaihatiNoneGopal Basu Communist Party of India
BhatparaNoneSita Ram Gupta Communist Party of India
JagatdalNoneNihar Kumar Basu All India Forward Bloc
NoaparaNoneJamini Bhusan Saha Communist Party of India
TitagarhNoneMohammed Amin Communist Party of India
KhardahNoneKamal Sarkar Communist Party of India
PanihatiNoneGopal Krishna Bhattacharyya Communist Party of India
KamarhatiNoneRadhika Ranjan Banerjee Communist Party of India
BaranagarNoneMatish Ray Revolutionary Socialist Party
Dum DumNoneTarun Sen Gupta Communist Party of India
Belgachia EastNoneSubhas Chakraborty Communist Party of India
CossipurNoneBuddhadev Bhattacharjee Communist Party of India
ShyampukurNoneNalini Kanta Guha All India Forward Bloc
JorabaganNoneHaripada Bharati Janata Party
JorasankoNoneVishnu Kant Shastri Janata Party
Bara BazarNoneRabi Shankar Pandey Janata Party
Bow BazarNoneAbul Hasan Communist Party of India
ChowringheeNoneSandip Das Janata Party
KabitirthaNoneKalimuddin Shams All India Forward Bloc
AliporeNoneAshoke Kumar Bose Communist Party of India
Rashbehari AvenueNoneAshok Mitra Communist Party of India
TollygungeNonePrasanta Kumar Sur Communist Party of India
DhakuriaNoneJatin Chakravarty Revolutionary Socialist Party
BallygungeNoneSachin Sen Communist Party of India
EntallyNoneMd. Nezamuddin Communist Party of India
TaltolaSCSumanta Kr. Hira Communist Party of India
BeliaghataNoneKrishna Pada Ghosh Communist Party of India
SealdahNoneBinoy Banerjee Janata Party
VidyasagarNoneSamar Kumar Rudra Communist Party of India
BurtolaNoneNikhil Das Revolutionary Socialist Party
ManicktolaNoneSuhrid Mullick Chowdhury Communist Party of India
Belgachia WestNoneLakshmi Charan Sen Communist Party of India
BallyNonePatipaban Pathak Communist Party of India
Howrah NorthNoneChitabrata Mazumdar Communist Party of India
Howrah CentralNoneSudhindra Nath Kumar Independent
Howrah SouthNonePraley Talukdar Communist Party of India
ShibpurNoneKanai Lal Bhattacharyya All India Forward Bloc
DomjurNoneJoykesh Mukherjee Communist Party of India
JagatballavpurNoneM. Ansaruddin Communist Party of India
PanchlaNoneSantosh Kumar Das All India Forward Bloc
SankrailSCHaran Hazra Communist Party of India
Uluberia NorthSCRaj Kumar Mndal Communist Party of India
Uluberia SouthNoneAurobinda Ghosal All India Forward Bloc
ShyampurNoneSasabindu Bera Janata Party
BagnanNoneNirupama Chatterjee Communist Party of India
KalyanpurNoneNitai Charan Adak Communist Party of India
AmtaNoneBarindra Nath Koley Communist Party of India
UdaynarayanpurNonePannalal Majhi Communist Party of India
JangiparaNoneManindra Nath Jana Communist Party of India
ChanditalaNoneMalin Ghosh Communist Party of India
UttarparaNoneSantashree Chattopadhyay Communist Party of India
SeramporeNoneKamal Krishna Bahattacharayya Communist Party of India
ChampdaniNoneSaidndra Nath Chattopadhyay Communist Party of India
ChandernagoreNoneBhabani Mukherjee Communist Party of India
SingurNoneGopal Bandnopadhyay Communist Party of India
HaripalNoneBalai Bandhopadhyay Communist Party of India
TarakeswarNoneRam Chatterjee Independent
ChinsurahNoneSambhu Charan Ghosh All India Forward Bloc
BansberiaNonePrabir Kumar Sen Gupta Communist Party of India
BalagarhSCAbimnash Pramanik Communist Party of India
PanduaNoneDeb Narayan Chakrabarty Communist Party of India
PolbaNoneBrojogopal Neogy Communist Party of India
DhaniakhaliSCKripa Sindhu Saha All India Forward Bloc
PursurahNoneManoranjan Hazra Communist Party of India
KhanakulSCPanchanan Digpati Janata Party
ArambaghNoneAjoy Kr. Dey Janata Party
GoghatSCNanuram Roy Janata Party
ChandrakonaNoneUmapati Chakrabarty Communist Party of India
GhatalSCGopal Mondal Communist Party of India
DaspurNonePrabhas Chandra Phadikar Communist Party of India
NandanpurNoneManoranjan Roy Communist Party of India
Panskura WestNoneSk. Omkar Ali Communist Party of India
Panskura EastNoneSwades Ranjan Maji Janata Party
TamlukNoneBiswanath Mukhopadhyay Communist Party of India
MoynaNonePulak Bera Communist Party of India
MahishadalNoneSaswati Bag Janata Party
SutahataSCShiba Nath Das Janata Party
NandigramNonePrabir Jana Janata Party
NarghatNoneBankim Behari Maiti Janata Party
BhagabanpurNoneHaripada Jana Janata Party
KhajuriSCSunirmal Paik Janata Party
Contai NorthNoneRasbehari Pal Janata Party
Contai SouthNoneSatya Brata Maiti Janata Party
RamnagarNoneBalailal Das Mahapatra Janata Party
EgraNonePrabodh Chandra Sinha Janata Party
MugberiaNoneKiranmay Nanda Janata Party
PataspurNoneJanmejoy Ojha Janata Party
SabangNoneGouranga SamantaBharter Biplabi Communist Party
PinglaNoneHaripada Jana Janata Party
DebraNoneSyed Morazzam Hossain Communist Party of India
KeshpurSCRajani Kanta Doloi Indian National Congress
Garhbeta EastNoneSubhendu Mondal Communist Party of India
Garhbeta WestSCSantosh Bisui Communist Party of India
SalbaniNoneSundar Hazra Communist Party of India
MidnaporeNoneBankim Behari Pal Janata Party
Kharagpur TownNoneSudhir Dassharma Janata Party
Kharagpur RuralNoneSk. Siraj Ali Communist Party of India
KeshiariSTKhudiram Singh Communist Party of India
NarayangarhNoneKrishna Das Roy Indian National Congress
DantanNonePradyot Kumar Mahanti Janata Party
NayagramSTBudhadeb Singh Communist Party of India
GopiballavpurNoneSantosh Rana Independent
JhargramNoneRam Chandra Satpathy Communist Party of India
BinpurSTSambhunath Mandi Communist Party of India
BanduanSTSudhangshu Sekhar Majhi Communist Party of India
ManbazarNoneNakul Chandra Mahata Communist Party of India
BalrampurSTBikram Tudu Communist Party of India
ArsaNoneDaman Chandra Kuiry All India Forward Bloc
JhaldaNoneSatya Ranjan Mahato All India Forward Bloc
JaipurNoneRam Krishna Mahato Indian National Congress
PuruliaNoneMahadeb Mukherjee Communist Party of India
ParaSCGobinda Bauri Communist Party of India
RaghunathpurSCBijoy Bauri Socialist Unity Centre of India
KashipurSTSurendra Nath Majhi Communist Party of India
HuraNoneAmbarish Mukhopadhyay Communist Party of India
TaldangraNoneMohini Mohan Panda Communist Party of India
RaipurSTApindra Kisku Communist Party of India
RanibandhSTSuchand Soren Communist Party of India
IndpurSCBinode Behari Maji Janata Party
ChhatnaNoneSubhas Goswami Revolutionary Socialist Party
GangajalghatiSCNabani Barui Communist Party of India
BarjoraNoneAswini Kumar Raj Communist Party of India
BankuraNonePartha De Communist Party of India
OndaNoneAnil Mukherjee All India Forward Bloc
VishnupurNoneAchintya Krishna Roy Communist Party of India
KotulpurNoneGunadhar Choudhary Communist Party of India
IndasSCBadan Bora Communist Party of India
SonamukhiSCSukhendu Khan Communist Party of India
KultiNoneMadhu Banerjee Marxist Forward Bloc
BarabaniNoneSunil Basu Roy Communist Party of India
HirapurNoneBamapada Mukherjee Communist Party of India
AsansolNoneHaradhan Roy Communist Party of India
RaniganjNoneHaradhan Roy Communist Party of India
JamuriaNoneBikash Chowdhury Communist Party of India
UkhraSCLakhan Bagdi Communist Party of India
Durgapur-iNoneDilip Kumar Majundar Communist Party of India
Durgapur-iiNoneTarun Chatterjee Communist Party of India
KanksaSCLakshinarayan Saha Communist Party of India
AusgramSCShreedhar Malik Communist Party of India
BhatarNoneBholanath Sen Indian National Congress
GalsiNoneDebranjan Sen All India Forward Bloc
Burdwan NorthNoneDwarka Nath Tah Communist Party of India
Burdwan SouthNoneBenoy Krishna Chowdhry Communist Party of India
KhandaghoshSCPurna Chandra Malik Communist Party of India
RainaNoneRam Narayan Goswami Communist Party of India
JamalpurSCSunil Santra Marxist Forward Bloc
MemariNoneBenoy Konar Communist Party of India
KalnaNoneGuruprasad Sinha Roy Communist Party of India
NadanghatNoneSyed Abdul Habibullah Communist Party of India
ManteswarNoneHemanta Kumar Roy Communist Party of India
PurbasthaliNoneManoranjan Nath Communist Party of India
KatwaNoneHaramohan Sinha Communist Party of India
MangalkotNoneNikhilananda Sar Communist Party of India
KetugramSCRaicharan Majhi Communist Party of India
NanurSCBanamali Das Communist Party of India
BolpurNoneJyotsna Kumar Gupta Revolutionary Socialist Party
LabhpurNoneSunil Kumar Mazumdar Communist Party of India
DubrajpurNoneBhakti Bhusan Mandal All India Forward Bloc
RajnagarSCSiddheswar Mandal All India Forward Bloc
SuriNoneSuniti Chattaraj Indian National Congress
Mahammad BazarNoneDhirendra Nath Sen Communist Party of India
MayureswarSCPanchanan Let (bara) Communist Party of India
RampurhatNoneShanshaka Sekhar Mondal All India Forward Bloc
HansanSCTrilochan Mal Revolutionary Communist Party of India
NalhatiNoneBhabaui Prasad Chattopadyay All India Forward Bloc
MuraraiNoneMotahar Hossain Indian National Congress

Notes

  1. Sen was the sitting MP for Arambagh
  2. Mukhopadhyay was a Rajya Sabha MP representing West Bengal

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Elections were held in Indian state of West Bengal in February 1969 to elect 280 members to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. United Front formed the government with Ajoy Mukherjee as the Chief Minister. United Front won a landslide 214 seats and 49.7% of the votes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal</span> Indian political party

The Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal is the West Bengal state wing of Communist Party of India (Marxist) and a recognised national party. The party has been the longest formally the governing party in West Bengal Legislative Assembly from 1977 to 2011 and has significant representation of the state in Rajya Sabha. It leads the Left Front and Secular Democratic Alliance along with Indian National Congress.

References

  1. West Bengal (India); Jatindra Chandra Sengupta (1978). West Bengal District Gazetteers: Nadiā. State editor, West Bengal District Gazetteers. p. 420.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 N. Jose Chander (1 January 2004). Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience. Concept Publishing Company. p. 105. ISBN   978-81-8069-092-1.
  3. The Wire. Why Has Nobody Called It Yet? An Analysis of the West Bengal Elections
  4. 1 2 3 4 Election Commission of India. STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1977 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL
  5. 1 2 Bharati Mukherjee (1 January 1991). Political Culture and Leadership in India: A Study of West Bengal. Mittal Publications. pp. 30–31. ISBN   978-81-7099-320-9.
  6. Communist Party of India (Marxist). West Bengal State Committee. Election results of West Bengal: statistics & analysis, 1952-1991. The Committee. p. 419.
  7. New Left Review. RED BENGAL’S RISE AND FALL
  8. 1 2 People's Democracy. West Bengal: How The Left Front And Its Government Emerged Archived 15 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  9. People's Democracy. Thirty Years of Left Front Government in West Bengal Archived 1 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  10. Hindustan Times. Timeline of Left Front government in West Bengal
  11. Times of India. CPI(ML) MLA Santosh Rana quits party