In 1966, the PTCA launched an agitation for a separate for the plains tribal communities of Assam state called 'Udayachal' under the leadership of Samar Brahma Chowdhury and Charan Narzary, President and General Secretary of PTCA respectively.
In 1968 PTCA boycotted the state Assembly Election on demand of re delimitation of the Tribal and indigenous Scheduled Caste Reserved constituencies. Both the President and General secretary were arrested and jailed under PD Act. Few days after following the Tribal and indigenous Scheduled Caste movement under PTCA the local Administration imposed the law of 144.
Thousands of tribal and indigenous Scheduled Caste communities gathered in a field of Bhatarmari village and the mass moved towards the administrative office to submit their appeal of demand to the District Commissioner. The police fires indiscriminately on the charge of violation of 144, hundred of the demonstrators had got bullet injuries, many of them admitted in Kokrajhar Govt. Hospital. Hundreds of demonstrators were arrested and jailed on non bailable act.
The Central Government agreed to provide Autonomous Council against the demand of Udayachal statehood of PTCA. But PTCA rejected the offer of Autonomous Council and sustained to their demand for Udayachal statehood. It was a nonviolent democratic movement, the Government was trying to sabotage.
The ideological difference and conflict was weakening the solidarity of PTCA movement for statehood. A section of members of PTCA broke way themselves and decided to go and fight with arms for the Udayachal statehood under the leadership of Binay Brahma. The Government remained indifferent and passive to the PTCA demand, tried to defuse by lingering and taking time.
In the meantime the All Bodo Students Union was emerging with a political aspiration to move for Bodoland statehood rejecting the PTCA's Udayachol statehood. The President and some leaders of PTCA were assassinated by the extremist group of the ABSU. The PTCA's movement for Udayachal, a greater tribal and indigenous Scheduled Caste communities land was rejected by the young generation of the Bodos.
The ABSU finally accepted the Autonomous Council of Bodoland. In the present political scenario Bodoland is facing a conflict with the non Bodo groups of tribes and indigenous Scheduled Caste communities who also lives within the Bodoland. The non Bodo tribes and Scheduled Caste feel they are second citizens of Bodoland. In true sense Bodoland is for all the communities of both tribes and indigenous Scheduled Caste communities who live within the geographical jurisdiction of Bodoland.
The Bodoland Territorial Autonomous District Council (BTADC)is a democratically elected body for administration. The complexity among the various tribes and communities are politically created to sabotage the functioning of BTADC as well as the demand for Bodoland statehood. ABSU the non-political organisation of BTAD was founded by Upendranath Brahma in the year of 1967
Boro, also called Bodo, is the largest ethnolinguistic group in the Assam state of India. They are a part of the greater Bodo-Kachari family of ethnolinguistic groups and are spread across northeastern India. They are concentrated mainly in the Bodoland Territorial Region of Assam, though Boros inhabit all other districts of Assam and Meghalaya.
The Adivasi are tribes of the Indian subcontinent who are considered indigenous to places within India. The term is a modern Sanskrit word coined in the 1930s by tribal political activists to give a indigenous identity to tribals by claiming indigenous origin. The term is also used for ethnic minorities, such as Chakmas of Bangladesh, Khas of Nepal, and Vedda of Sri Lanka. However Government of India does not officially recognise tribes as indigenous people. India ratified the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention 107 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the United Nations (1957). In 1989, India refused to sign the ILO Convention 169. Most of these groups are included in the Scheduled Tribe category under constitutional provisions in India.
The National Democratic Front of Boroland (NDFB) was an armed separatist outfit which sought to obtain a sovereign Boroland for the Bodo people. It is designated as a terrorist organisation by the Government of India.
Bodoland, officially the Bodoland Territorial Region, is an autonomous region in Assam, Northeast India. It is made up of five districts on the north bank of the Brahmaputra river below the foothills of Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh. It is administered by an elected body known as the Bodoland Territorial Council which came into existence under the terms of a peace agreement signed in February 2003 and its autonomy was further extended by an agreement signed in January 2020. The region covers an area of over nine thousand square kilometres and is predominantly inhabited by the Bodo people and other indigenous communities of Assam.
Karbi Anglong district is one of the 34 administrative districts of Assam in India. Diphu is the administrative headquarter of the district. The district is administered by Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council according to the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India.
Kokrajhar district is an administrative district in Bodoland Territorial Region of Assam. It is predominantly inhabited by the Boro tribe. The district has its headquarters located at Kokrajhar Town and occupies an area of 3,169.22 km2 (1,223.64 sq mi). It has two civil sub-divisions namely Parbatjhora and Gossaigaon and five revenue circles namely Kokrajhar, Dotma, Bhaoraguri, Gossaigaon and Bagribari.
Boro, also called Bodo, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken primarily by the Boro people of Northeast India, Nepal and Bengal. It is an official language of the state of Assam and the Bodoland Territorial Region of India. It is also one of the twenty-two languages listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India. Since 1975 the language has been written using the Devanagari script. It was formerly written using Latin and Eastern-Nagari scripts. Some scholars have suggested that the language used to have its own now lost script known as Deodhai.
The constitutional power to create new states and union territories in India is solely reserved to the Parliament of India. Parliament can do so by announcing new states/union territories, separating territory from an existing state or merging two or more states/union territories or parts of them. In addition to the existing 28 states and 8 union territories, some new states and union territories of India have at various times been proposed to be established.
The Bodo Liberation Tigers Force, also known as the Bodo Liberation Tigers, was an armed militant group that operated in the Bodo dominated regions of Assam, India. The BLTF was founded on 18 June 1996 by Prem Singh Brahma and Hagrama Mohilary. Hagrama Mohilary was the chief of the outfit.
The Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC) is an autonomous council for the Bodoland Territorial Region established under 6th Schedule of The Constitution of India according to the Memorandum of Settlement between Bodoland Liberation Tiger Force (BLTF) and Government of India and Government of Assam.
Tea-garden community are multi ethnic groups of tea garden workers and their dependents in Assam. They are officially referred as "Tea-tribes" by Government of Assam. They are the descendants of tribals and backward caste people brought by the British colonial planters as indentured labourers from the regions of present-day Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh into colonial Assam during 1860-90s in multiple phases for the purpose of being employed in the tea gardens industry as labourers. They are heterogeneous, multi-ethnic which includes many tribal and caste groups. They are found mainly in those districts of Upper Assam and Northern Brahmaputra belt where there is high concentration of tea gardens like Kokrajhar, Udalguri, Sonitpur, Nagaon, Golaghat, Jorhat, Sivasagar, Charaideo, Dibrugarh, Tinsukia. There is a sizeable population of the community in the Barak Valley region of Assam as well in the districts of Cachar, Karimganj and Hailakandi. The total population is estimated to be around 7 million of which estimated 4.5 million reside in residential quarters built inside 799 tea estates spread across tea growing regions of Assam. Another 2.5 million reside in the nearby villages spread across those tea growing regions. They are not a single ethnic group but consists of different ethnic group speaking dozens of languages and have different set of cultures. They speak several languages including Sora, Odia, Sadri, Kurmali, Santali, Kurukh, Kharia, Kui, Gondi and Mundari. Sadri with some Assamese influence serve as lingua franca among the community.
The Mech is an ethnic group belonging to the Bodo-Kachari group of peoples. It is one of the scheduled tribes of India, listed both in West Bengal and Assam, India. They inhabit West Bengal, Nepal, Assam and Nagaland.
Tipraland is the name of a proposed state in India for the indigenous Tripuri people in the tribal areas of the Tripura state. They demand the Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council and some surrounding areas to be made into a separate state from Tripura. The proposed state covers 68% of the total geographical area of the Tripura and is home to over one-third of the total population of Tripura.
The West Karbi Anglong district is a district formed out of the existing Donka circle of Karbi Anglong district of Assam in 2016. Hamren is the headquarter of the newly formed district. The district is part of Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council and administered according to the provisions of Sixth Scheduled of the Indian Constitution.
A list of Political Parties in Assam
Charan Narzary was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India from the Kokrajhar in Assam in 1977 as an independent. He founded Plain Tribals Council of Assam in 1966 a militant agitation for a separate tribal and indigenous Scheduled Caste communities state called Udayachal under the leadership of Samar Brahma Chowdhury and Narzary, President and General Secretary of PTCA respectively. He was a poet and writer and was teacher at Kokrajhar College.
The hill tribes of Northeast India are hill people, mostly classified as Scheduled Tribes (STs), who live in the Northeast India region. This region has the largest proportion of scheduled tribes in the country.
Kanakeswar Narzary was an Indian politician and the founder General Secretary of All Bodo Students' Union.
Pramod Boro is an Indian politician serving as the president of The United People's Party Liberal (UPPL) since 25 February 2020 and Chief Executive Member of Bodoland Territorial Region, an autonomous region in Assam since 15 December 2020. He was the former president of All Bodo Students Union. Pramod Boro was born to Late Ghanashyam Boro. He is a resident of Tamulpur, Baksa district.
Bodo Kachari Welfare Autonomous Council, (BKWAC), is an autonomous council in the Indian state of Assam, for the development and protection of ethnic Bodo-Kachari people living in villages outside the Bodoland Territorial Region. It was formed in 2020.
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