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In politics, a party secretary is a senior official within a political party with responsibility for the organizational and daily political work. In most parties, the party secretary is second in rank to the party leader (or party chairman). In some parties, especially the communist parties, the General Secretary is the leader.
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The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The CCP was founded in 1921 by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao, and in 1949 under the leadership of Chairman Mao Zedong the party emerged victorious in the Chinese Civil War against the Kuomintang. Since 1949, the CCP has governed China as the leader of the United Front coalition with eight other parties, and has sole control over the People's Liberation Army (PLA). Today the party constitution upholds Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, socialism with Chinese characteristics, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought. As of 2021, the CCP has more than 95 million members, making it the second largest political party in the world after India's Bharatiya Janata Party.
The organization of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was based on the principles of democratic centralism.
The general secretary of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party is the paramount leader of China. The general secretary is the head of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the highest-ranking official within the People's Republic of China (PRC). The general secretary is a standing member of the Politburo and head of the Secretariat.
The orders of precedence in China is the ranking of political leaders in China for the purposes of event protocol and to arrange the ordering of names in official news bulletins, both written and televised. It is also sometimes used to assess perceived level of political power. Although there is no formally published ranking, there is usually an established convention and protocol, and the relative positions of Chinese political figures can usually be deduced from the order in meetings and especially by the time and order in which figures are covered by the official media.
The paramount leader, also named supreme leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) is an informal term for the most prominent political leader in China. The officeholders are usually General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission. The paramount leader is not, however, a formal position nor an office unto itself. The term gained prominence during the era of Deng Xiaoping (1978–1989), when he was able to wield political power without necessarily holding any official or formally significant party or government positions at any given time.
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). By the late 1920s the position had evolved from managing paperwork into the most powerful of the Central Committee's various positions. Seldom in Soviet history would any other office trump the authority of General Secretary. From 1929 until the union's dissolution, the holder of the office was the de facto leader of the Soviet Union, because the post controlled both the Communist party and the Soviet government. The power of the office can be traced to Joseph Stalin when he elevated the office to overall command of the Communist Party and by extension the whole Soviet Union. Once Stalin outmaneuvered Leon Trotsky and removed his major political rivals through purges, the General Secretary exercised total control of party and nation. Nikita Khrushchev as part of De-Stalinization reforms, renamed the post First Secretary in 1953. The change was reverted in 1966 under his successor Leonid Brezhnev. The office grew out of less powerful secretarial positions within the party such as: Technical Secretary (1917–1918), Chairman of the Secretariat (1918–1919), and Responsible Secretary (1919–1922).
Peng Zhen was a leading member of the Communist Party of China. He led the party organization in Beijing following the victory of the Communists in the Chinese Civil War in 1949, but was purged during the Cultural Revolution for opposing Mao's views on the role of literature in relation to the state. He was rehabilitated under Deng Xiaoping in 1982 along with other 'wrongly accused' officials, and became the inaugural head of the CPC Central Political and Legislative Committee.
Song Renqiong, born Song Yunqin, was a general in the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and one of the Eight Elders of the Communist Party of China.
The politics of Beijing is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the mainland of the People's Republic of China.
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, known as First Secretary from 1960 to 1976, is the highest office within the Communist Party of Vietnam and typically the supreme leader of Vietnam. The General Secretaryship was the second-highest office within the party when Hồ Chí Minh was Chairman, a post which existed from 1951 to 1969. The general secretary is also the Secretary of the Central Military Commission, the leading Party organ on military affairs. For a period in its history, the position of general secretary has been synonymous with the paramount leader of Vietnam. The current general secretary is Nguyễn Phú Trọng, and he is ranked first in the Politburo.
A Party Committee Secretary is the leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organization in a province, city, village, or other administrative region. In most cases, it is the de facto highest political office of its area of jurisdiction. The term can also be used for the leadership position of CCP organizations in state-owned enterprises, private companies, foreign-owned companies, universities, hospitals, as well as other institutions of the state.
The Xi–Li Administration of the People's Republic of China began in 2013, when Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang succeeded Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao following the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. It is speculated that Xi will solidify the political power of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, for the absolute command of the Communist ideology over pragmatic approach, and on the economic front there will be no liberalization but socialist entrenchment.
The succession of power in China takes place in the context of a single party system. Despite the guarantee of universal franchise in the constitution, the appointment of the Paramount leader lies largely in the hands of his predecessor and the powerful factions that control the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. The appointment of the leader occurs after two five year terms in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China from 1982 to 2018. However this was changed to unlimited terms during the first plenary session of the 13th National People's Congress in March 2018.
The General Office of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, often referred to as the Central Office (中办), is an office directly under the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in charge of providing support for the Central Committee and its Politburo, including codifying intra-party regulations, conducting policy research and providing administrative support. The Director of the General Office currently serves as the second-ranked secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party.
Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the organization. The term is derived from the Latin word secernere, "to distinguish" or "to set apart", the passive participle meaning "having been set apart", with the eventual connotation of something private or confidential, as with the English word secret. A secretarius was a person, therefore, overseeing business confidentially, usually for a powerful individual.
The Communist Party was a Titoist political party in Serbia.
Collective leadership is a distribution of power within an organizational structure.
In modern Chinese politics, a leadership core or core leader refers to a person who is recognized as central to the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. Four individuals so far have been given this designation: Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, and Xi Jinping. The leader of the fourth generation, Hu Jintao, has never been referred to as core throughout his term as General Secretary.
