Hisar district

Not to be confused with the former Hisar District of Tajikistan.

Hisar district
District of Haryana
Clockwise from top-left: Palace of Firoz Shah, Sheela Mata Temple in Agroha, mounds at Rakhigarhi, Balaji Mandir at Hisar, Asigarh Fort
Location in Haryana
Country	India
State	Haryana
Division	Hisar
Established	1815
Headquarters	Hisar (city)
Tehsils	Adampur, Agroha, Barwala, Hisar, Balsamand, Bass, Narnaund and Uklanamandi
Government
• Deputy Commissioner	Uttam Singh, IAS
Area
• Total	3,983 km2 (1,538 sq mi)
Population  (2011)
• Total	1,743,931
• Density	438/km2 (1,130/sq mi)
Demographics
•  Literacy	64.83%
Languages
• Official	Hindi [1]
• Additional official	English Punjabi [2]
• Regional	Haryanvi
Time zone	UTC+05:30 (IST)
Major highways	NH-9 (formerly NH-10) and NH-52 (formerly NH-65)
Lok Sabha constituencies	Hisar
Website	hisar.nic.in

Hisar district is one of the 22 districts of Haryana, India. Hisar city serves as the district headquarters. Hisar district has four sub-divisions that is, Hisar, Barwala, Hansi and Narnaud, each headed by an SDM. The district is also part of Hisar division. Hisar was founded by Firuz Shah Tughlaq.

The largest district in Haryana until its 1966 reorganisation, some parts of Hisar were transferred to the newly created Jind district. In 1974, the Tehsils of Bhiwani and Loharu were transferred to Bhiwani district. Hisar was further bifurcated when Sirsa district was formed. Fatehabad district was later created as well. ^[3]

Hisar is a divisional headquarters of the Hisar division and also the headquarters of Police Range. It is also a battalion headquarters of B.S.F. 3rd Bn. H.A.P. and commando force. In order to accommodate all of these departments, a five-storey District Administrative Complex was built, with the offices transferred in 1980. It adjoins the new Judiciary Complex, which is also made functional. This administrative and judiciary complex is the largest in Haryana; as a district headquarters it may be one of the largest in the country.

It is one of the five cities belonging to Indus Valley Civilisation while its name is cited in the history books in the context of Indus civilisation and in general knowledge books as the location of Banawali, one of five sheep farms. As of 2011 ^[update] it is the second most populous of the 21 districts of Haryana, after Faridabad. ^[4]

Hisar is also known as the steel city because of the Jindal Stainless Steel Factories. It is also the largest producer of galvanised iron in India.^{[ citation needed ]}

Geography

See also: Bagar region and Khadir and Bangar

In any doab, khadar land (green) lies next to a river, while bangar land (olive) has greater elevation and lies further from the river

North Hisar district falls in doab between Ghagghar river flowing through fatehabad district and paleo channel of Dhrishadvati river flowing through the Narnaul tehsil. Eastern, central and south-eastern Hisar district falls in doab between Dhrishadvati river and Yamuna river. Western Hisar district is part of bagar tract. The regions of the doabs near the rivers consist of low-lying, flood-prone, but usually very fertile khadir and the higher-lying land away from the rivers consist of bangar, less prone to flooding but also less fertile on average. ^[5] For the purpose of irrigation, Hisar district has been classified into 5 circles, namely barani (low rain area where rain-fed dry farming is practised which nowadays are dependent on tubewells for the irrigation), ^[6] bagar (dry sandy tract of land on the border of Rajasthan state adjoining the states of Haryana and Punjab) ^[6] nahri (canal-irrigated land), nali or naili (fertile prairie tract between the Ghaggar river and the southern limits of the Saraswati channel depression in northern Hissar district of Haryana that gets flooded during the rains), ^[7] and Rangoi tract (an area irrigated by the Rangoi canal made for the purpose of carrying flood waters of Ghagghar river to dry areas). ^{[8] [9]}

Hisar has fertile alluvial soil interspersed with highly permeable very sandy tracts in bagar region several with water table more than 100 feet below ground containing brackish water usually unfit for human consumption, where dust storms frequent during the warm summer months from April till the end of July when monsoon arrives. Previously, Hisar was solely based on the rain and irrigation was possible only in the nali region where the season Ghaggar river flows in North Hisar. After the opening of Bhakra Nangal Dam canal system in 1963 as well as the earlier Western Yamuna Canal now irrigate most of Haryana including all of the Bagar region falling in Haryana on its western border. Opening of Indira Gandhi Canal in 1983 (specially Hansi Butana branches) brought the water of Sutlej and Beas rivers to the fields of Rajasthan including its Bagar tract stabilising the sand dunes and soil erosion by preventing the expansion of desert. ^[6]

Climate

Hisar
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     13     6 6     16     8 8     12     31 14     5.6     37 19     20     41 24     43     50 28     141     48 27     147     35 26     65     35 24     15     34 18     6.1     29 11     7.3     24 7 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Source: IMD
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     0.5     44 42     0.6     46 47     0.5     87 57     0.2     98 67     0.8     105 76     1.7     122 82     5.5     118 81     5.8     95 79     2.6     96 75     0.6     94 64     0.2     84 52     0.3     74 44 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Hisar has a warm climate.

History

A skeleton from Rakhigarhi, Indus Valley civilisation site in Hisar on display in the National Museum, New Delhi

The district suffered famine in 1783-84 (Chalisa famine), ^[10] 1838, ^[11] 1860-61, ^[11] 1896-97 ^[12] and 1899-1900. ^[12]

Hisar district was conquered by the British in 1803. ^[13] On 30 December 1803, the Daulat Scindia signed the Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon with the British after the Battle of Assaye and Battle of Laswari and ceded to the British, Hisar, Panipat, Rohtak, Rewari, Gurgaon, Ganges-Jumna Doab, the Delhi-Agra region, parts of Bundelkhand, Broach, some districts of Gujarat and the fort of Ahmmadnagar. ^{[14] : 73}

Administrative divisions

Hisar continued to be the District Headquarters of the largest District in the state until its reorganisation in 1966 when parts were carved out to create the new Jind District. The Tehsil Bhiwani and Loharu estate were later transferred to Bhiwani district on its creation in 1974. It was further bifurcated when Sirsa district was created entirely out of Hisar District. Fatehabad district has now been carved out of this district.

At present Hisar district consists of the eight tehsils of Adampur, Agroha, Barwala, Hisar, Hansi-1, Hansi-2, Narnaund and Uklanamandi, two Sub-Tehsils of Balsamand and Bass. Vehicle registration numbers for Hisar district are: Hisar HR 20 and HR 39 (commercial no), Hansi HR 21 and Barwala HR 80.

Hisar is a divisional headquarters of the Divisional Commissioner and also the headquarters of the Police Range. It is also a battalion Headquarters of Border Security Force, 3rd battalion of Haryana Armed Police and police commando force. All these departments are now housed in a five storied District Administrative Complex completed in 1980, which adjoins the new Judiciary Complex.

The district has seven Vidhan Sabha constituencies, namely, Adampur, Uklana, Narnaund, Hansi, Barwala, Hisar and Nalwa. All of these are part of Hisar Lok Sabha constituency

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1951	423,390	—
1961	577,887	+3.16%
1971	774,265	+2.97%
1981	985,769	+2.44%
1991	1,209,238	+2.06%
2001	1,537,117	+2.43%
2011	1,743,931	+1.27%
source: [15]

the 2011 census ^[update] the district had a population of 1,743,931, ^[4] roughly equal to the nation of The Gambia ^[16] or the US state of Nebraska. ^[17] This gave it a ranking of 276th in India out of a total of 640 districts. ^[4] The district has a population density of 438 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,130/sq mi) . ^[4] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.38%. ^[4] Hisar has a sex ratio of 871 females for every 1000 males, ^[4] and a literacy rate of 73.2%. Scheduled Castes make up 23.44% of the population. ^[4]

Castes and tribes

The important social groups in the district are Jats, Bishnois, Brahmins, Sainis, Banias, Gujjars, Ahirs, Rajputs, Kumhars, Aroras, Chamars and Balmikis. ^[8] Jat is the largest social group in the city. ^[8] Bishnois have migrated from Rajasthan. ^[8] There are three sections of Brahmins in the district, i.e., Gaur, Bias and Khandelwal. Most of the Aroras are migrant from West Punjab after the partition of the country in 1947. ^[8] Banias are divided into Aggarwals, Oswals and Maheshwaris. The Aggarwals are said to be the descendants of the inhabitants of Agroha. ^[8] They hold Agroha in great reverence. Oswals and Maheshwaris trace their origin to the Rajasthan. ^[8] The Gujjars of Hisar trace their origin to Rajasthan. ^[8] Hisar is also the origin place of Agrawal Jain Community, with Hansi being an important Jain pilgrimage town.

Languages

Languages of Hisar district (2011) ^[18]

1. Haryanvi (68.76%)
2. Hindi (26.4%)
3. Punjabi (2.41%)
4. Others (2.43%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 68.76% of the population in the district spoke Haryanvi, 26.40% Hindi and 2.41% Punjabi as their first language. ^[18] Haryanvi is the most spoken language in the district.

Religion

Religion in Hisar district (2011) [19] Religion Percent Hinduism   97.54% Islam   1.24% Sikhism   0.70% Other or not stated   0.52%

Hisar is 98% Hindu, only about 40,000 are Muslims, ^[20] rest are mostly Jain and Sikhs. Nearly all Muslims of Hisar left for Pakistan during Partition.

Religion in Hisar District

Religious group	2011 [19]
	Pop.	%
Hinduism	1,701,061	97.54%
Islam	21,650	1.24%
Sikhism	12,270	0.7%
Christianity	1,945	0.11%
Others	7,005	0.4%
Total Population	1,743,931	100%

Religious groups in Hisar district (British Punjab province era)

Religious group	1881 [21] [22] [23]		1891 [24]		1901 [25]		1911 [26] [27]		1921 [28]		1931 [29]		1941 [30]
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Hinduism [a]	514,948	67.98%	548,896	70.73%	544,799	69.69%	541,720	67.3%	548,351	67.13%	583,429	64.86%	652,842	64.85%
Islam	206,806	27.3%	199,010	25.65%	202,009	25.84%	218,600	27.16%	215,943	26.44%	253,784	28.21%	285,208	28.33%
Sikhism	31,446	4.15%	22,151	2.85%	28,642	3.66%	38,508	4.78%	45,615	5.58%	55,169	6.13%	60,731	6.03%
Jainism	4,186	0.55%	5,690	0.73%	6,003	0.77%	5,767	0.72%	5,874	0.72%	5,988	0.67%	6,126	0.61%
Christianity	72	0.01%	242	0.03%	253	0.03%	273	0.03%	1,024	0.13%	1,107	0.12%	1,292	0.13%
Zoroastrianism	0	0%	17	0%	11	0%	10	0%	3	0%	2	0%	4	0%
Buddhism	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	3	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%
Judaism	—	—	0	0%	0	0%	8	0%	0	0%	0	0%	1	0%
Others	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	505	0.05%
Total population	757,458	100%	776,006	100%	781,717	100%	804,889	100%	816,810	100%	899,479	100%	1,006,709	100%
Note1: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. Note2: 1881 census count includes Sirsa District, which was later amalgamated with Hissar District.

Religion in the Tehsils of Hisar District (1921) ^[28]

Tehsil	Hinduism		Islam		Sikhism		Christianity		Jainism		Others [b]		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Hisar Tehsil	106,179	77.92%	28,788	21.13%	214	0.16%	101	0.07%	990	0.73%	0	0%	136,272	100%
Hansi Tehsil	141,116	79.71%	33,396	18.86%	83	0.05%	34	0.02%	2,414	1.36%	0	0%	177,043	100%
Bhiwani Tehsil	104,350	82.81%	20,683	16.41%	47	0.04%	64	0.05%	871	0.69%	0	0%	126,015	100%
Fatehabad Tehsil	104,525	53.38%	71,510	36.52%	18,757	9.58%	393	0.2%	616	0.31%	0	0%	195,801	100%
Sirsa Tehsil	92,181	50.74%	61,566	33.89%	26,514	14.59%	432	0.24%	983	0.54%	3	0%	181,679	100%
Note: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Religion in the Tehsils of Hisar District (1941) ^[30]

Tehsil	Hinduism [a]		Islam		Sikhism		Christianity		Jainism		Others [c]		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Hisar Tehsil	157,058	65.48%	64,499	26.89%	15,712	6.55%	572	0.24%	1,992	0.83%	24	0.01%	239,857	100%
Hansi Tehsil	175,761	78.34%	45,551	20.3%	165	0.07%	56	0.02%	2,836	1.26%	1	0%	224,370	100%
Bhiwani Tehsil	127,740	80.55%	29,554	18.64%	533	0.34%	169	0.11%	587	0.37%	4	0%	158,587	100%
Fatehabad Tehsil	94,122	55.53%	67,556	39.86%	7,664	4.52%	18	0.01%	124	0.07%	7	0%	169,491	100%
Sirsa Tehsil	98,161	45.78%	78,048	36.4%	36,657	17.1%	420	0.2%	587	0.27%	531	0.25%	214,404	100%
Note1: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. Note2: Tehsil religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labelled as "Indian Christians" on census. Does not include Anglo-Indian Christians or British Christians, who were classified under "Other" category.

Education

Main article: Universities and colleges in Hisar

Universities

• Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, initially founded as a campus of the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
• Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. A statue and memorial of Lala Lajpat Rai stands on the campus to commemorate this patriot.
• Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, founded in 1995, attracts students for higher education from all over the country and abroad.

Govt colleges

• Govt. Post Graduate College, Hisar
• Govt. College for Girls, Hisar

Private colleges

• Dayanand college
• CRM JAT College
• Chhaju Ram Law College, Hisar
• Chhaju Ram College of Education, Hisar
• Fateh Chand College for Women (Lahore), Hisar
• Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha

Schools

Hisar also has several renowned schools including Leading Angel Public School, Hisar (LAPS), Indus Public School, Hisar (IPS), Army Public School, Hisar (APS), Thakur Dass Bhargava Senior Secondary Model School, and Vidya Devi Jindal School.

Notable individuals

Over the past three centuries Hisar had been the birthplace of individuals including Sardar Ishri Singh, Sardar Harji Ram and Rai Bahadur Sardar Nau Nihal Singh who were honorary magistrates in pre-Independence Hisar. Noteworthy individuals include the Lala Lajpat Rai (freedom fighter, elected member of Hisar municipal committee, founder of Hisar district congress (1986), Arya samaj (1986) and district bar council), Captain Abhimanyu Sindhu (entrepreneur, journalist, BJP national spokesperson and Minister in Haryana from Narnaund assembly constituency), late Dr. Gopi Chand Bhargava (First Chief Minister of joint Punjab), Om Prakash Jindal (former chairperson of Jindal Industries and Minister in Haryana government) and his wife Savitri Jindal (chairperson of Jindal Industries and Minister in Haryana government), Subhash Chandra (Chairman of Essel Group and Zee Network and BJP MP in Rajya Sabha), Amit Munjal, founder and CEO of Doctor Insta and Former CFO of Citi Holdings, Yash Tonk (Bollywood actor), Manish Joshi Bismil (theatre director), General V.K. Singh (Former Army Chief and Union Minister from BJP), General Dalbir Singh Suhag (former Army Chief) and Israr Ahmed (Islamic scholar from Pakistan, born in Hisar before independence).

See also

• Hisar (city)
• Hisar division
• Hisar Urban Agglomeration
• Hisar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
• Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)
• Asigarh Fort at Hansi
• Kanwari Indus Valley Mound at Kanwari
• Tosham rock inscription

References

1. "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. pp. 85–86. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
2. "Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi". Hindustan Times . Indo-Asian News Service. 28 January 2010. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
3. "Hissar district of Haryana - Haryana Online - Website - Portal - India". Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
4. "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
5. Pakistan: Soils, Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010, ... khaddar soils. Away from the river, toward the middle of the doabs, older alluvial soils (called bangar) are widely distributed ...
6. E. Walter Coward, 1980, "Irrigation and Agricultural Development in Asia: Perspectives from the social sciences", Cornell University press, page 302, ISBN   0801498716.
7. https://archive.org/stream/imperialgazettee14grea/imperialgazettee14grea_djvu.txt "The imperial gazeteers of India, 1908"], British Raj, page 288.]
8. "Hisar gazetteer" (PDF). Haryana Gazetteers Organisation. pp. 7, 55. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
9. 1987, "Gazeteers of Hisar district, 1987" Archived 7 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine , Government of Haryana, page 162.]
10. Grove, Richard H. (2007), "The Great El Nino of 1789–93 and its Global Consequences: Reconstructing an Extreme Climate Even in World Environmental History", The Medieval History Journal, 10 (1&2): 75–98, doi:10.1177/097194580701000203, hdl: 1885/51009 , S2CID   162783898
11. Fieldhouse, David (1996), "For Richer, for Poorer?", in Marshall, P. J. (ed.), The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 400, pp. 108–146, ISBN   0-521-00254-0
12. C.A.H. Townsend, Final report of thirds revised revenue settlement of Hisar district from 1905-1910, Gazetteer of Department of Revenue and Disaster Management, Haryana, point 22, page 11.
13. Banerjee, Abhijit; Iyer, Lakshmi (January 2003). "Appendix Table 1: Districts of British India, With Dates and Mode of Acquisition by the British". History, Institutions and Economic Performance: The Legacy of Colonial Land Tenure Systems in India (BREAD Working Paper No. 003) (PDF). Bureau for Research in Economic Analysis of Development. p. 39.
14. Naravane, M.S. (2014). Battles of the Honorourable East India Company. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. pp. 65–66. ISBN   978-81-313-0034-3.
15. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
16. US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Gambia, The 1,797,860 July 2011 est.
17. "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 1 January 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Nebraska 1,826,341
18. "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Haryana". Census of India . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India..
19. "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Haryana". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
20. Times of India (24 November 2015). "Free burial grounds of encroachments: Panel to Wakf Board". The Times of India . Retrieved 25 November 2015.
21. "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I." 1881. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25057656 . Retrieved 26 December 2024.
22. "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II". 1881. p. 14. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25057657 . Retrieved 26 December 2024.
23. "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III". 1881. p. 14. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25057658 . Retrieved 26 December 2024.
24. Edward Maclagan, Sir (1891). "The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory". p. 14. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25318669 . Retrieved 26 December 2024.
25. "Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province". 1901. p. 34. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25363739 . Retrieved 10 March 2024.
26. "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1911. p. 27. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25393788 . Retrieved 3 March 2024.
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1. 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis
2. Including Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
3. Including Anglo-Indian Christians, British Christians, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated

External links

• Hisar district official website

29°10′00″N75°43′00″E / 29.1667°N 75.7167°E / 29.1667; 75.7167