Hasan Khan Mewati | |||||||||
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Shaheed, Raja, Wali | |||||||||
9th Shah-e-Mewat | |||||||||
Reign | 1504 – 1527 | ||||||||
Predecessor | Khanzada Alawal Khan | ||||||||
Successor | Post Abolished Babur (as Mughal Empire) Sher Shah Suri (as Sur Empire) | ||||||||
Born | Alwar, Mewat (present-day Rajasthan, India) | ||||||||
Died | Khanwa (present-day Rajasthan, India) | 16 March 1527||||||||
Burial | Rajasthan, India | ||||||||
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Hindi | हसन खां मेवाती | ||||||||
Urdu | حسن خاں میوات | ||||||||
House | Khanzada Rajputs | ||||||||
Dynasty | Wali-e-Mewat dynasty | ||||||||
Father | Khanzada Alawal Khan | ||||||||
Religion | Sunni Islam |
Raja Hasan Khan Mewati (died 17 March 1527) was a Muslim Khanzada Rajput ruler of Mewat. [1] [2] [3] The son of previous ruler Raja Alawal Khan, his dynasty had ruled Mewat State for nearly 200 years. He was a descendant of Raja Nahar Khan Mewati, who was the Wali of Mewat in 14th century.
He was the Rajput chieftain whose ancestors had been ruling the region of Mewat for almost two centuries and had declared himself as a sovereign king. Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire had stated that Hasan Khan Mewati was the leader of the ‘Mewat country’. He joined the Rajput Confederation with 5,000 allies in the Battle of Khanwa, where he was killed in the battle by Mughal forces led by Babur. He also re-constructed the Alwar fort in 15th century. [4]
Hasan Khan Mewati played a significant role in two crucial battles: the Battle of Panipat and the Battle of Khanwa.
Hasan Khan Mewati supported Ibrahim Lodi, the Sultan of Delhi, in the first Battle of Panipat, which took place in 1526. This battle was a pivotal conflict between the Mughal Empire, led by Babur, and the Sultanate of Delhi, led by Ibrahim Lodi. In this battle, Babur emerged victorious, and Lodi lost his life. During the conflict, Babur took Hasan Khan Mewati's son as a hostage. Despite the defeat, Hasan Khan Mewati did not yield to the foreign invader. Following the Battle of Panipat, Hasan Khan Mewati aligned himself with Rana Sanga to continue the fight against Babur and the Mughal Empire.
The Battle of Khanwa occurred on March 15, 1527, between Rana Sanga of Mewar and Babur. At this time, Hasan Khan Mewati's patriotism and bravery had earned him a reputation as a fierce warrior. Hasan Khan Mewati, once again, supported Rana Sanga in this battle. When Rana Sanga was struck by an arrow and fell from his elephant, the Mewati king took charge of the commander's flag and led the attack against Babur's forces. Hasan Khan Mewati displayed tremendous valor as he, along with his 12 thousand horse soldiers, fiercely confronted Babur's army. They were initially successful and seemed to be overpowering the Mughal forces. Unfortunately, during the battle, Hasan Khan Mewati was struck by a cannonball that hit his chest. Despite his bravery and resilience, this injury proved fatal, and Hasan Khan Mewati lost his life in the midst of the battle. [5]
Babur was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent. He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his father and mother respectively. He was also given the posthumous name of Firdaws Makani.
The First Battle of Panipat, on 21 April 1526 was fought between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi dynasty. It took place in North India and marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire and the end of the Delhi Sultanate. This was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowder firearms and field artillery in the Indian subcontinent which were introduced by Mughals in this battle.
Alwar is a city located in India's National Capital Region and the administrative headquarters of Alwar District in the state of Rajasthan. It is located 150 km south of Delhi and 150 km north of Jaipur. At present the district is famous for production of mustard plant, manufacturing of Ray Ban eyeglasses, Beer production plants and frozen food industry.
Sangram Singh I, popularly known as Rana Sanga or Maharana Sanga, was an Indian ruler from the Sisodia dynasty. He ruled Mewar, the traditional territory of the Guhilas in present-day north-western India. However, through his capable rule his kingdom turned into one of the greatest powers of Northern India in the early 16th century. He controlled parts of present-day Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh with the capital being Chittor. His reign was admired by several of his contemporaries, including Babur, who described him as the "greatest Indian King" of that time. The Mughal historian Al-Badayuni called Sanga the bravest of all Rajputs. Rana Sanga was the last independent Hindu king of Northern India to control a significant territory before the Mughal Era. In some contemporary texts, he is described as the Hindu Emperor (Hindupati) of Northern India.
The Lodi dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1451 to 1526. It was the fifth and final dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, and was founded by Bahlul Khan Lodi when he replaced the Sayyid dynasty.
The Battle of Khanwa was fought at Khanwa on March 16, 1527. It was fought between the invading Timurid forces of Babur and the Rajput Confederation led by Rana Sanga for suprermacy of Northern India. The battle was a major event in Medieval Indian history although Timurids won at Panipat but at the time, the sultanate at Delhi was a spent force that was long crumbling. To the contrary Mewar kingdom, under the able rule of Rana Sanga, had turned into one of the strongest powers of northern India. Therefore, the battle was among the most decisive battles in the Mughal conquest of northern India.
The history of human settlement in the west Indian state of Rajasthan dates back to about 5,000 years ago. Around 1400 BC, the Matsya tribe occupied the region. Parts of Rajsthan also belonged to the site of the Indus Valley Civilization. The early medieval period saw the rise of many Rajput kingdoms such as the Chauhans of Ajmer, Sisodias of Mewar, Gurjara-Pratihara and the Rathores of Marwar, as well as several Rajput clans such as the Gohil and the Shekhawats of Shekhawati. While Jat kingdoms include the Johiya of Jangaldesh, the Sinsinwars of Bharatpur State, as well as the Bamraulia clan and the Ranas of Dholpur.
Events from the year 1527 in India.
The Mughal–Rajput Wars were a series of battles fought between the Rajput Confederacy and the Mughal Empire which started with the Timurid ruler Babur's invasion of northwestern India and the head of the Rajput confederacy Rana Sanga's resistance to it.
Hindu Rajput kingdoms in the north-western Indian subcontinent resisted the Muslim invasions of India, beginning with the Umayyad campaigns from the Middle East and the Ghaznavid Turks from Central Asia. They continued resistance against subsequent Muslim empires, including the Arabs, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, Delhi Sultans and the Mughals.
The Battle of Chanderi or Siege of Chanderi took place in the aftermath of the Battle of Khanwa in which the Mughal Emperor Babur had defeated the Rajput Confederacy and firmly establish Mughal rule while crushing regrowing Rajput powers as the battle was fought for supremacy of Northern India between Rajputs and Mughals. On receiving news that Rana Sanga had renewed war preparations to renew the conflict with him, Babur decided to isolate the Rana by inflicting a military defeat on one of his vassals Medini Rai who was the ruler of Malwa. Consequently, in December 1527, taking a circumlocutious route Babur marched to the fortress of Chanderi in Malwa which was the capital of the kingdom of Malwa. Upon reaching Chanderi, on 20 January 1528, Babur offered Shamsabad to Medini Rai in exchange for Chanderi as a peace overture but the offer was rejected by Rai.
The Battle of Khatoli was fought in 1517 between the Lodi dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate under Ibrahim Lodi and the Kingdom of Mewar under Rana Sanga, during which Mewar emerged victorious.
Medini Rai Khangar was a vassal of Sisodia king Rana Sanga. He ruled much of the Malwa under the lordship of Rana Sanga, who helped him in defeating Sultan of Malwa and conquering Malwa, Chanderi was his capital.
The Tomb of Ibrahim Lodi in Panipat is the tomb of Ibrahim Lodi, Sultan of the Lodi dynasty.
Raja Bahadur Nahar Khan was the ruler of Mewat and the progenitor of Khanzada Rajput clan who were themselves a sub-clan of Jadaun Rajputs. His original name was Sambhar Pal and later came to be known as Nahar Singh. He and his brother Sopar Pal embraced Islam under the influence of Firuz Shah Tughlaq after he annexed their estates. He was also known as Wali-e-Mewat Raja Bahadur Nahar Khan
The Mewat State was a sovereign kingdom ruled by the Khanzadas of Mewat. They were a ruling dynasty of Muslim Rajputs from Rajputana who had their capital at Alwar. The Khanzadas were Muslim Rajputs who descended from Raja Sonpar Pal who was a Rajput who converted to Islam during the period of the Delhi Sultanate in India.
Prithviraj Singh I, also known as Prithvi Singh I, was the 16th-century Kachwaha ruler of Kingdom of Amber. He was a monarch of strong religious inclinations and during his reign, the Kingdom of Amber became increasingly politically active. He took part in the Rajput alliance against the Mughal emperor Babur, fighting against the latter in the Battle of Khanwa alongside Rana Sanga of Mewar in 1527. Three of Raja Prithviraj's sons successively followed him as ruler of Amber, with many of his descendants also populating the kingdom's highest aristocracy in subsequent centuries.
The Battle of Bayana or the Siege of Bayana was a military conflict between the Rajput Confederacy under Rana Sanga on one side and Afghans of Bayana under Nizam Khan and Mughal advance guard, led by Abdul Aziz on other side.